英文情绪词汇

英文情绪词汇（精选10篇）

1.英文情绪词汇 篇一

例句：

Look, he is alive and kicking again.

瞧瞧他，又活蹦乱跳的了。

He is still alive and kicking.

他还是生龙活虎的.。

They asked whether he was crossed in love.

他们问他是不是情场失意。

The boy looks thoughtful and unhappy; perhaps he has been crossed in love.

那男孩看上去若有所思、闷闷不乐的，很可能是失恋了。

2.英文情绪词汇 篇二

摘要是研究论文的缩影, 是对研究内容简洁、全面、系统的概括或总结[1]。摘要是科技文献检索数据库的建设和维护的依据。因此, 英文摘要不是论文的点缀, 而是进行学术交流的重要媒介。但很多作者对英文摘要的重视不够, 这使得英文摘要写作存在很多问题, 导致有些人试图在国际刊物上发表文章而遭拒绝。究其原因, 除了学者们对科技体裁的各种特征缺乏了解之外, 其较高的词汇密度也增加了写作的难度。本文将从词汇密度角度对比分析英文摘要的特点, 探讨写作过程中的注意事项, 帮助著者写出高质量的英文摘要。

2 从词汇密度角度看科技论文英文摘要的特点

词汇密度反映的是句中实词所占的比例。实词通常用来传递大部分信息, 因此, 一句话的词汇密度越大, 则句中的实词越多, 句子所载的信息量也越大。反之, 信息量就越少。Halliday认为用单位小句中词项所占的百分比计算篇章的词汇密度更能准确地体现单位篇章的信息含量。

我们将科技论文摘要同其他文体系统相比较, 试讨论科技论文英文摘要的词汇密度情况以及产生这种现象的原因。本文首先从经济学家杂志上选取了一段新闻报道, 将其同SPE杂志中一篇石油科技论文英文摘要进行对比。

(1) In this paper, the new delumping method is tested for several reservoir fluids and reservoir processes (such as gas injection) , focusing on……Advancing to the next pressure step, the detailed composition obtained by delumping preserves a high accuracy in predicting detailed fluidproperties even for drastic compositional c ha ng es.

(2) Yet th ere are also lo nge r-te rm challenges, worth stressing if only because they have been so ignored on the campaign.Jump forward to 2017, ……and American justice with Guantánamo Bay.This will take patience, fortitude, salesmanship and strategy.

按照Halliday的计算方法, 例句 (1) 的词汇密度为14.7, 例句 (2) 的词汇密度为6.0。这说明科技论文英文摘要的词汇密度要比新闻报道类书面语体高出很多。但这个结论是否适用于其他书面语体呢?本文又选取了其他三类有代表性的书面语篇进行对比分析, 即小说, 产品说明书, 以及合同条款, 对比结果如表1。

由表1可以看出, 同合同条款, 小说, 产品说明书, 新闻报道这几种书面语体相比, 科技论文英文摘要的词汇密度均高出很多, 这说明英文摘要信息量大, 在较少的小句中包含了较多的信息。

这种现象的产生的一个原因就是科技语篇中名词化倾向较强, 而其他书面语篇中这种倾向较弱。Halliday认为之所以出现名词化倾向, 是因为书面语在呈现现实世界的经验和现象时, 把这些经验和现象作为物体来看待, 所以多使用名词[2]。而科技英语是随着科学技术的发展而形成的一种文体形式, 以其行文庄重, 结构严谨, 客观公正, 感情色彩少而著称。名词化结构使语言更加客观, 简练, 具有正式性和权威性, 同时能高效传达意识形态。此外, 科技论文英文摘要同一般的科技文体也略有差异。如英文摘要的长度一般在100～150词之间, 既不能太短, 也不能太长, 应简明扼要的概括出整篇文章的新信息以及所写内容的逻辑关系。

3 英文摘要写作注意事项

首先, 写作者要端正态度, 要重视论文的摘要部分, 消除语法、时态等基本错误。

其次, 在摘要中应删减冗余词语。要使写出来的英文摘要符合其自身特点, 就要用更少的词包含更多的信息。冗余词只能增加句子的长度, 却并不会增添新的含义。

最后, 不妨从名词化这个方面来提高自身的表达。以对动词进行名词化转换为例, 当句子本身的动词转换成名词之后, 原句的谓语就替换成其它的词汇了。转换后的谓语动词, 必须是我们要去强调的一个动作。相对应的, 名词化后的这个词, 我们最想去表达的是其相对静止的意思, 即表达一个状态而非一个动作。这就提醒我们, 在写作中, 应弱化句子本身的动作和变化性, 强调其状态。除了动词的名词化以外, 形容词也可以进行名词化处理, 还可以使用介词将从句名词化。总之, 名词化可以使句子结构简单明了, 语言表达言简意赅, 在提高词汇密度的同时更能清晰的表达句子中各成分的逻辑关系, 突出主次。

4 结语

综上所述, 只有对原文内容和思想有了全面深入的理解, 才能在英文摘要中表达出论文的精髓。对于现存的问题, 要重视其词汇密度高这一特点, 多阅读和借鉴英文文献的写作技巧, 积累经验, 摸索规律, 才能写出完美的英文摘要, 为我国科技期刊多被国际权威检索系统收录摘引, 扩大影响, 增强国际竞争力和促进国际学术与科技信息的交流做出贡献。

摘要：针对目前国内科技论文的英文摘要存在的问题, 从词汇密度这个角度, 通过对不同文体进行对比, 得出科技论文英文摘要的特点是具有较高的词汇密度, 其原因在于名词化这一写作技巧的频繁使用。读者应重视名词化现象在写作中的应用, 组织好英文摘要写作的内容和重点, 简洁、规范的完成科技论文英文摘要写作。

关键词：词汇密度,英文摘要,写作

参考文献

[1]Swales, J.M.Genre Analysis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992:179.

3.英文情绪词汇 篇三

如果信件不是邮寄，而是托人转交，可在信封的左下角写上Kindness of...（受托人的姓名）或By courtesy of...（受托人的姓名）或By favour of...（受托人的姓名）。以上这些字样都等于中文的“敬烦某某转交”。

如果是介绍信，由被介绍人面交，可在信封左上角写上Introducing Mr. (Mrs., Miss, etc.)（姓名）或To introduce...（姓名）或Recommending...（姓名）。以上这些字样等于中文中的“兹介绍某人……”。

在信封的左下角可以写上信件的性质，如Personal或Confidential或Private，这些字样等于中文的“亲启”或“绝密”。如果需要还可以注明Immediate或 Urgent或Rush，这些字样等于中文的“急件”。视需要也可以注明Attention of... ，等于中文的“请某人拆阅”或“请某人处理”。

为了方便邮件传递，信封上可按各国相沿的习惯标明如下：

写在信封左上角 “A”的位置的字样，如：

→If undelivered, please return to（无法投递，退回原处）

→After 10 days, please return to（十天后请寄回）

→Return Postage Guaranteed（回信邮资已付）

→Via San Francisco（经由旧金山）

→By airmail to San Francisco, by train to Hong Kong.

（到旧金山用航空，到香港用火车）

写在信封中间上方“B”的位置的字样，如：

→Printed Matter（印刷品） →Sample（样品）

→Sample of No Value（无价值的样品）

→With Compliments（赠品）

→Photo Only（内有像片，请勿折叠）

写在邮票下面“C”的位置的字样，如：

→Via Airmail; By Airmail; Par Avion（航空）

写在信封左下角“D”的位置上的字样，如：

→Introducing Mr...（兹介绍……先生）

→Kindness of Mr...（敬烦……先生转交）

→Per favor of Mr...（敬烦……先生转交）

→Private（亲启） →Personal（私函）

→Confidential（密函）

→Registered (Reg., Regd.)（挂号）

→Urgent（急件） →Immediate（急件）

→Forward（请转交）

→Care of (c/o)（请……转交）

四化Four Modernizations

中国电信China Telecom

中国移动China Mobile

希望工程Project Hope

扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project

外出打工人员migrant workers

外资企业overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工laid-off workers

素质教育education for all-round development

应试教育exam-oriented education

义务教育compulsory education

豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects

西部大开发Development of the West Regions, Go-West Campaign

新新人类New Human Being, X Generation

充电recharge one's batteries; update one's knowledge

早恋puppy love

网吧Internet bar

网民netizen, net citizen

网恋online love affair

网友net friend

网上冲浪surf the Internet

菜鸟，新手green hand

摇钱树cash cow

大专生junior college student

4.英文简历词汇 篇四

个人资料有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Personal Data

name 姓名 unmarried 未婚

date of birth 出生日期divorced 离异

born出生于separated 分居

birth place 出生地点 street 街

age 年龄 lane 胡同，巷

native place 籍贯 road 路

province 省district 区

city 市 house number 门牌

autonomous region 自治区 health 健康状况

prefecture 专区 health condition 健康状况 county 县 blood type 血型

nationality 民族、国籍short-sighted近视

citizenship 国籍 far-sighted 远视

duel citizenship 双重国籍 color-blind 色盲

address 地址 ID card 身份证

current address 目前住址 date of availability 可到职时间 present address 目前住址 available 可到职

permanent address 永久住址 membership 会员、资格 postal code 邮政编码 president 会长

home phone 住宅电话 vice-president 副会长office phone 办公电话director 理事

business phone 办公电话 standing director 常务理事 Tel.电话 secretary-general 秘书长 Gender 性别 society 学会

Male 男 association 协会

Female 女 research society 研究会 Height 身高marital status 婚姻状况 weight 体重family status 家庭状况 single 未婚married 已婚

教育程度有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Eucation Background

education学历 educational highlights课程重点部分 educational background教育程度 curriculum included课程包括 educational history学历 specialized courses专门课程 curriculum课程 courses taken所学课程 major主修 courses completed所学课程 minor副修 special training特别训练1

social practice社会实践 part-time jobs业余工作 summer jobs暑期工作 vacation jobs假期工作 refresher course进修课程

extracurricular activities课外活动 physical activities体育活动 recreational activities娱乐活动 academic activities学术活动 social activities社会活动 rewards奖励

scholarship奖学金

“Three Goods” student三好学生 excellent party member 优秀党员 excellent league member 优秀团员excellent leader优秀干部 student council学生会 off-job training脱产培训 in-job training在职培训 educational system学制 academic year学年 semester学期(美)term学期(英)president校长

vice-president副校长 dean院长

assistant dean副院长 academic dean教务长

department chairman系主任 professor教授

associate professor副教授 guest professor客座教授 lecturer讲师

teaching assistant助教 research fellow研究员

research assistant助理研究员 supervisor论文导师 principal中学校长(美)headmaster中学校长(英)master小学校长(美)dean of studies教务长 dean of students教导主任 teacher教师

probation teacher代课教师

tutor家庭教师

governess女家庭教师 intelligence quotient智商 pass及格 fail不及格 marks分数 grades分数 scores分数

examination考试 grade年级 class班级 monitor班长

vice-monitor副班长

commissary in charge of studies学习委员 commissary in charge of entertainment文娱委员

commissary in charge of sports体育委员 commissary in charge of physical labor劳动委员

Party branch secretary党支部书记 League branch secretary团支部书记

commissary in charge of organization组织委员

commissary in charge of publicity宣传委员 degree学位

post doctorate博士后 doctor(Ph.D)博士 master硕士 bachelor学士 student学生

graduate student研究生 abroad student留学生

returned student回国留学生 foreign student外国学生 undergraduate大学肄业生

senior大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生 Junior大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生 sophomore大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生

freshman大学一年级学生 guest student旁听生(英)auditor旁听生(美)

government-supported student公费生 commoner自费生

extern走读生 boarder寄宿生 day-student走读生 classmate同班同学 intern实习生 schoolmate同校同学 prize fellow奖学金生 graduate毕业生

工作经历有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Work Experience

work experience / work history 工作经历 appointed 被任命的 occupational history 工作经历 adapt in 善于 employment/employment history职业经历 analyze 分析 experience 经历 authorized 委任的，核准的 business experience / business background工behave / performance 表现 作经历/背景 break the record 打破记录 specific experience 具体经历 conduct 经营，处理 employment record/ employment experience nominated 被提名的，被任命的 工作经历 promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业）等 position / job title 职位 achievements 工作成就，业绩 responsibilities / duties 职责 administer 管理 second job 第二职业 be promoted to 被提升为 assist 辅助be proposed as 被提名为，被推荐为 adapted to 适应于 advanced worker 先进工作者 accomplish 完成（任务等）working model 劳动模范

个人品质有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Personal Characters

able 有才干的，能干的 competent 能胜任的 active 主动的，活跃的 confident 有信心的 adaptable 适应性强的 conscientious 认真的，自觉的 adroit 灵巧的，机敏的 considerate 体贴的 aggressive / enterprising 有进取心的 constructive 建设性的alert 机灵的 contemplative 好沉思的ambitious 有雄心壮志的 cooperative 有合作精神的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 creative 富创造力的 amicable 友好的 dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的 analytical 善于分析的 dedicated / devoted 有献身精神的 apprehensive 有理解力的 dependable / reliable / trustable 可靠的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 disciplined 守纪律的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 discreet（在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的 careful 办事仔细的 dutiful 尽职的 candid 正直的dynamic 精悍的 charitable 宽厚的 earnest 认真的well-educated 受过良好教育的 reasonable 讲道理的 efficient 有效率的 responsible 负责的 humorous 幽默的 self-conscious 自觉的 impartial 公正的 energetic 精力充沛的 independent 有主见的 enthusiastic 充满热情的 industrious 勤奋的 expressive 善于表达 ingenious 有独创性的 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 initiative 首创精神 forceful（性格）坚强的 have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋 frank 直率的，真诚的 intellective 有智力的 friendly 友好的 intelligent 理解力强的 frugal 俭朴的inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的 generous 宽宏大量的 just 正直的 genteel 有教养的 kind-hearted 好心的 gentle 有礼貌的 knowledgeable 有见识的 hard-working / industrious 勤奋的 learned 精通某门学问的 hearty 精神饱满的 liberal 心胸宽大的 honest 诚实的 logical 条理分明的 hospitable 殷勤的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 humble 恭顺的 methodical 有方法的 selfless 无私的 modest 谦虚的 sensible 明白事理的 motivated 目的明确的 sincere 真诚的 objective 客观的 smart 精明的open-minded 虚心的 sociable 善于社交的 orderly 守纪律的 spirited 生气勃勃的 original 有独创性的 sporting 光明正大的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 steady 踏实的 practical 实际的 straightforward 老实的 precise 一丝不苟的 strict 严格的 persevering 不屈不挠的 systematic 有系统的 punctual 严守时刻的 strong-willed 意志坚强的 purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的 qualified 合格的 temperate 稳健的 rational 有理性的 tireless 孜孜不倦的 realistic 实事求是的其他内容有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Other Contents

Objective 目标 job objective 工作目标Career objective 职位目标 position applied for 申请职位 employment objective 工作目标 position sought 谋求职位 position wanted 希望职位 position desired 希望职位

其他常用简历英语句子

1：请问ISO内审员怎么翻译? 答：internal auditor

2：本科 1，2，3，4年级生用英语怎么讲? 答：freshman,sophemore,junior,senior 3：简历里骨干怎么翻啊? 答：cadre

4：全国计算机等级二级考试证书怎么翻译阿？

答 ： national computer rank examination certificate grade 2 5：请问School qualifications是指什么？

答：应该是资格证书考试，Country of school education 考试的国家，Type of exam考试的类型 Grade 级别 Year Taken 哪年考试 6：三好学生称号怎么翻译？

5.地震灾害英文词汇 篇五

二、（地震）发生于...hit...袭击，打击，使遭受 strike...突然发生

shake...摇；摇动；摇撼 jolt...使颠簸，摇晃

rock...摇，摇动，使振动

roll across...波动，起伏，横摇 rip through...裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯

三、破坏程度（小 → 大）

damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏。

destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残。shatter.破坏；捣毁；破灭。

devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭。level 推倒，夷平。flatten 夷为平地。

四、地震学相关词汇

seismological 地震学上的 seismology 地震学 seismograph 地震仪

seismographer 地震学家 aftershock 余震

smaller tremors 小地震 epicenter 震中 magnitude 震级

Richter Scale(1—10)里氏震级 vibration 震动

earthquake monitoring 地震监控

tsunami 海啸

tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统

tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮 natural disaster 自然灾害 tragedy 灾难、悲剧 disaster 灾难 wreckage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者

international contributions 国际援助

evacuation 撤离

rescue team 救援小组

seisesthesia 振动感觉

seism aesthesia 震觉

seisesthesia 振动感觉

seismic 地震的seismic（seismic;seismically;earthquake）load 地震载荷

seismic acceleration 地震加速度;震动加速度

seismic acceleration indicator 地震加速指示计

seismic activity 地震活动;地震活动性

seismic amplifier 地震放大器

seismic analysis 地震分析

seismic area 地震带;地震区;震区

seismic belt 地震带;地震区

seismic bending moment 地震弯矩

seismic center 震中

seismic coefficient 地震系数

seismic core phase 核震相

seismic cross-section 地震剖面

seismic data 地震数据;地震资料

seismic degree 震度

seismic design 地震设计

seismic detector 地震检波器;地震仪

seismic detector of the displacement 位移式地震检波器

seismic detector of the velocity type 速度式地震检波器

seismic digital amplifier 地震数字放大器

seismic discontinuity 地震间断面

seismic drill 地震孔用钻机

seismic dynamic load 地震动力载荷

seismic element method 地震元法

seismic exploration 地层勘探;地震探测;地震探查;震波勘测

seismic exploration vessel 震波勘测船

seismic filter 地震滤波器

seismic floor joint cover 地面抗震缝盖板

seismic focus 地震震源

seismic force 地震力

seismic gap 地震活动空白地带

seismic geophone 地震检波器;震波检测仪

seismic geophysical method 地球物理地震法

seismic hazard 地震危害性

seismic head wave 地震首波

seismic impulse method 脉冲地震法

seismic instrument car 地震仪器车

seismic intensity 地震烈度;地震强度

seismic intensity scale 地震强度计

seismic investigation 地震探测

seismic load 地震荷载

seismic map 地震图

seismic measurement 地震测验

seismic method 地震勘探法

seismic method of exploration 地震法勘探;震波勘测法

seismic method of prospecting 地震法勘探

seismic model 地震模型

seismic moment 地震力矩

seismic motion 地震活动;地震运动

seismic origin 地震成因

seismic phase 震相

seismic processing 震波图分析

seismic profile 地震剖面

seismic profiler 地震剖面仪;震波水下地形仪

seismic property 地震性质

seismic prospect（in）震波勘探

seismic prospecting 地震勘探;地震探查

seismic prospecting system 地震探查装置

seismic prospector 地震预报仪

seismic reciprocity 震时互易原理

seismic record 地震记录

seismic record viewer 地震记录观测仪

seismic recorder 地震记录仪

seismic reflection amplifier 地震反射放大器

seismic reflection method 地震波反射法

seismic refraction 震波折射

seismic refraction method 地震折射法

seismic refraction profile 地震折射剖面

seismic regime 震情

seismic region 震区;地震区

seismic regionalization 地震区划分

seismic restraint 耐震

seismic risk 地震危险性

seismic sea wave 地震海浪;地震海啸;地震海啸;地震津波;海啸

seismic sea wave apparatus 海啸仪

seismic section plotter 地震剖面绘图仪

seismic seethe 地震假潮

seismic shock 地震;地震冲击;地震震动;震波冲击

seismic signal 地震信号

seismic sounding 地震测深;地震测深法

seismic source function 震源函数

seismic spread 地震传播;地震扩散

seismic stability 抗震稳定性

seismic station 地震台站

seismic stratigraphy 地震地层学

seismic stress 地震应力

seismic surface wave 地震表面波

seismic survey 地震测量;地震调查;地震探查;反射法勘探

seismic travel time 地震波传播时间

seismic velocity 震波速度

seismic vertical 震中;地震垂线

seismic vessel 震波勘测船

seismic wave 震波;地震波

seismic wave path 地震波路径

seismic world map 世界地震图

seismic zone 地震带;地震区

seismic zoning 地震区划分

seismic-electric effect 震电效应

seismic instrument 地震仪

seismicity 地震活动;地震活动度;震活动性;震级

seismicity gap 地震活动空白地带

地

seismicity map 地震区域图

seismic-like event 似地震事件

seismicrophone 地震传声器;地震接收器

seismic 地震现象;震动现象

seismitron 岩层稳定测试仪

seism-acoustic reflection survey 震声反射测量

seismoastronomy 地震天文学

seism cardiogram 心震图

seism chronograph 地震计时仪;地震记时器

seism-electric effect 震电效应

seism genesis 地震成因

seismogenic zone 孕震区

seism geological map 地震地质图

seism-geology 地震地质学

seismogram 地震波曲线;地震图;震波图

seismogram interpretation 震波图解释

seismograph 地震记录仪;地震仪

seismograph amplifier 地震仪放大器

seismograph drill 地震孔物探钻机

seismograph station 地震台站

seismographic 地震学的seismographic observation 地震观测

seismographic observatory 地震观测站

seismographic record 地震记录

seismographic station 地震台

seismography 地震记录法;地震学

seismology（附有摄影设备的）测震仪

seismologic consideration 震情会商

seismologic station 地震台站

seismological evidence 地震实迹

seismological observation 地震观测

seismologist 地震学家

seismology 地震学

seism magnetic effect 地震地磁效果;震磁效应

seismometer 地震计;地震检波器;地震仪

seismometer galvanometer 地震检波器检流计

seismometer pier 拾震器墩子

seismometer station 地震测站

seismonastic movement 感振运动

seismonastic torpor movement 倾震膨压运动

seism physics 地震物理学

seism’s 地震

seism scope 地震波显示仪;地震示波仪;地震仪;验震器;验震器

seism scope data 验震器数据;验震器数据

seism scope record 验震器记录;验震器记录

seism scope response 验震器响应;验震器响应

seism station 地震台;地震台站

seism tectonic 地震构造的seism tectonic line 地震构造线

seism therapy 振动疗法

seism tropism 向震性

6.英文简历常用词汇 篇六

三好学生 Merit Student

学习优秀生 Model Student of Academic Records

突出才能奖 Model Student of Outstanding Capacity

先进个人 Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student

优秀学生干部 Excellent Student Cadre

优秀共青团员 Excellent League Member

优秀志愿者 Outstanding Volunteer

先进班集体 Advanced Class

优秀团干 Outstanding League Cadres

学生协会优秀干部 Outstanding Cadre of Student Association

学生协会工作优秀个人 Outstanding Individual of Student Association

精神文明先进个人 Spiritual Advanced Individual

社会工作先进个人 Advanced Individual of Social Work

文体活动先进个人 Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities

道德风尚奖 Ethic Award

精神文明奖 High Morality Prize

最佳组织奖 Prize for The Best Organization

突出贡献奖 Prize for The Outstanding Contribution

工作创新奖 Prize for The Creative Working

团队建设奖 Prize for The Team Contribution

各种比赛与奖项

辩论赛 Debate Competition

演讲比赛Speech Contest

话剧比赛 Drama competition

英语演讲比赛 English Speech Contest

黑板报设计大赛 Blackboard Poster Design Contest

PPT设计大赛 Courseware Design Competition’

文明宿舍 Outstanding Dormitory

诗歌朗诵比赛 Poetry Recitation Contest

诗歌创作比赛 Poetry Creation Contest

摄影大赛 Photography Competition,

报刊比赛 Press Writing Contest,

足球比赛 Football Match

知识风采比赛 Knowledge Competition

PPT 课件制作大赛 Courseware Design Competition

辩论赛 Debate Competition

党团知识竞赛Knowledge Contest on the Party and the League

模拟法庭 Mock Court

征文比赛 Essay Competition

网页设计大赛Web Page Design Competition

软件设计大赛Software Design Competition

多媒体课件设计大赛 Multimedia Courseware Design Competition

网站设计竞赛Web Design Competition

电子设计大赛Electronic Design Contest

服装设计大赛Garment Design Contest

实验技能操作大赛 Experiment Skill and Operation Contest

友谊篮球赛 Friendship Cup Basketball Match

十佳学生活动组织 Top Ten Student Activities Organization

十大学生修身楷模 Ten Model Students of Self-cultivation

学生科研创新奖Student Award for Research and Innovation

棋王大赛 Chess Competition

女子篮球赛 Women’s Basketball Match

党团知识竞赛 Knowledge Contests about the CPC and the CYLC

礼仪风采大赛 Manner and Etiquette Contest

体育文化节 Physical Culture Festival

相声小品大赛 Crosstalk and Sketch Contest.

其他

博客大赛 Blog Contest

主持人大赛 Host Competition

十大歌手 Top Ten Singers

军训优秀通讯员Excellent Correspondent in Military Training

军训先进个人 Advanced Individual in Military Training

十佳社团 Top Ten Outstanding Associations.

突出贡献奖 Outstanding Contribution Award

工作创新奖 Innovation Award

7.英文情绪词汇 篇七

Chinese business transactions with other foreign countries havebecome more and more popular gradually (Catford, 1965) .Thefunction of English business contracts becomes more and more im-portant and people pay more attention to the study of the transla-tion of English business contracts.Therefore, it is necessarily forus to make a deep and systematic study to the translation of Eng-lish business contracts (Baker, 2000) .This paper introduces Nida’s functional equivalence theory and applies it into the translationof English business contracts in order to make this tentative at-tempt have theoretical and instructive significance to the transla-tion of English business contracts.

2 Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory

Nida (2004) puts forward the concept of dynamic equiva-lence in Toward A Science of Translating which was published in1964.Later, he found that the word“dynamic”easily made peo-ple misunderstood and then he changed dynamic to functionalequivalence.The main point of functional equivalence theory isthat readers’response to the target texts should match readers’response to the source texts.Exchanging message is the main pur-pose for functional equivalence theory (Nida, 2001) .Therefore, the theory has great significance to the English business texts whose main purpose is to transfer message, because the specificreaders of English business texts are both sides of transaction andunderstanding both sides’purposes and principles exactly is thekey to business success.In the translation of English businesscontracts, the choice of language form and language style shouldbe subject to this function.

3 Vocabulary Features of English Business Contracts

According to Mellinkoff, there are a variety of sub-varietiesin the language of law and the contract is one of them.Contractsare mostly in written form in terms of mode and highly formal interms of tenor.Contracts cover a broad range of filed and amongthem business contracts abound.Therefore, grasping the languagefeatures of English business contracts and understanding vocabu-lary features of English business contracts are the foundation andkey to understand, draft and translate English business contractsexactly.In order to achieve this purpose, people always use termi-nology, synonym, archaic words, loan word and abbreviations (Ni-da, Chartes&Taber, 2004) .

3.1 The use of Archaic words

Example:In order to fulfill obligations such as the procure-ment, installation, commissioning and technical services of theProduction Line Project of Enduser (hereinafter referred to as“MOCVD”) , the buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell the equipment listed under this contract.

Translation:为了履行最终用户生产线项目 (以下简称为“MOCVD”) 相关采购, 安装, 调试和技术服务等义务, 买方愿意向卖方采购, 卖方愿意向买方出售合同下的所有设备。

Comment:The word“hereinafter”is a archaic word and themodern meaning of it is“in that part of a contract”.

3.2 The use of abbreviation

T/T within fifteen (15) days after this contract comes into force, and shall be paid based on the following documents provided bythe Seller.

Translation:货物的价款的25%在本合同生效后15日内凭卖方提供的以下单位以电汇方式支付。

Comment:T/T refers to telegraphic transfer.

3.3 The use of terminology and synonyms

Example:The seller guarantees that it is the legitimate own-er and/or holder of the licensed know-how and/or patent and hasthe right to grant the license therefore to the Buyer.

Translation:买方保证自己是该许可专有技术和/或专利的合法的所有人和/活拥有者, 而且保证自己有权许可该项技术给买方。

4 Functional Equivalence in Lexical Translation of English Business Contracts

4.1 Translate directly

According to Nida’s functional equivalence theory, if trans-lating directly can achieve the denotation and connotation mean-ing of the texts, and then there is no need for translators to adoptdomestication.Under the circumstances, achieving formal equiva-lence means achieving functional equivalence.Example:The time above is not including the time for gov-

ernment approval or national holidays.

Translation:此时间进度不包括设计成果审核时间和国定节假日。

4.2 Domestication

Chinese and English, literal translation or translating directly cannot achieve functional equivalence.Hence, under the two follow-ing situations, Nida puts that people should adopt domestication:A.Formal equivalence leads to that language loses meaning;B.Formal equivalence makes message transfer distortion.The follow-ings are mainly discuss three principles which translators shouldfollow when they apply domestication into the translation of Eng-lish business contracts.4.2.1 Faithfulness

4.2.1 Faithfulness

buyers at such time and by such means that the said notice shallbe received by buyer within 7 days after shipment.

Comment:The expression of“as such time”and“by suchmeans”is vague and translators can translate them into“以这样的时间和以这样的方式”.Obviously, this translation violates functional equivalence theory and easily lets readers get vaguemessage.Hence, the following translation is more accurate.

Translation:卖方须及时以适当的方式将装运详情通知买方, 以便买方在装运日内受到转运通知。

4.2.2 Understand terminology accurately

Example 2:Payment will be made by 100%confirmed, irre-vocable latter of credit available by sight draft.

Example 3:We remind you here, this shipment can not befailed.Please confirm it is possible to do so.

The words“confirm”in example 2 and example 3 have total-ly different meaning.The word“confirm”in example 3 means“确认”.However, the word“confirm”which means“保兑”in exam-ple 2 belongs to business terminology.

Based on the above analysis, mistranslation of the businessterminology can make a trouble to business activities, sometimeeven a great loss.Therefore, as a terminology, it has its uniquecharacteristics.That is to say, one terminology has a Chinese tar-get language which is used universally.Once it is translated intoanother language, then the translator violates a very importantprinciple, that is, terminology equivalence translation principle.

4.2.3 Conform to target language style

The most unique characteristics of business contracts is po-liteness principle.Both sides of the transaction should adopt care-ful words and be polite.

Example 4:We shall appreciate it very much if you willmake a concession in your price.

如果贵方在价格方面做出让步, 我们将不胜感激

Comment:The phrase“shall appreciate it”is politeness for-mulae, which can not only transfer their appreciation, but alsopropose their further requests politely.It promotes business activi-ties effectively.

5 Conclusion

All in all, grasping the above lexical features of English busi-ness contracts has great instructive significance for us to improveour translation level.At the same time, this unique feature alsodecides the choice of translation strategies.Nida’s functionalequivalence theory has certain instructive significance to thisunique applied texts-English business contracts.

参考文献

[1]Baker M.In Other Words:A course book on Translation[M].Bei jing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[2]Catford J C.A Linguistic Theory of Translation[M].London:Ox ford University Press, 1965.

[3]Nida, Eugene A, Chartes R, et, al.The Theory and Practice of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Educa tion Press, 2004.

[4]Nida, Eugene A.Language and Culture:Contexts in Translating[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

8.英文情绪词汇 篇八

请大家先尝试把下面这句话翻译成英文。

由于我们不是很懂消防训练，因此在训练开始前，我们老师认真向我们讲解了发生火灾时我们应该做些什么。

恐怕大部分同学一开始翻译出的句子都差不多是这样的：

Because we didn't know much about fire drills， our teacher showed us what we should do when the fire happened before the fire drill began.

这句话没有什么问题，表意清楚，语法正确，但所用的单词基本上连小学生都会。这样的句子怎么可能得到阅卷老师的青睐呢？现在，我们一起来对这句话进行词汇升级。那么，进行升级时我们应该重点关注哪些单词呢？又该如何来提升呢？此前，大家首先需要明白以下两点。

1. “动词”是语言的核心和灵魂。例如“我喜欢你”和“我爱你”这两句话，“喜欢”与“爱”一词之差，表达的情感程度截然不同。因此，我们应该首先提升的就是句子中的动词，即上面例子中的know、showed、do和happened。

2. 相对来说，利用英文来直接提升英文词汇比较难。例如，我们要替换掉know，势必要先想出know的近义词。有些同学可能会想到understand或acknowledge，但这两个词用在这里并不合适。笔者的建议就是，提升词汇也要从中文入手，先找出中文的近义词，改变中文的表达法，再译成英文。例如“保护环境是至关重要的”中“重要的”一词，相信大家首先想到的一定是important。英文基础好的同学可能会想到of overriding importance的说法。但如果想不到比important更好的表达又该怎么办呢？此时我们就可以从中文入手，将“重要的”替换为其近义词“必要的”，这样大家就会想到necessary，进而有人会想到essential这个词。

接下来，我们就利用“先转换中文，再提升英文”的思路对上面例句中的词汇进行提升。

①我们不是很懂消防训练。

思路：大家可以不必纠结于“懂”这个词的近义词，而是从整句话的角度换种说法来表达同样的意思。

【中文转换】我们在消防训练上没经验。/我们不精通消防训练。/我们几乎对消防训练一窍不通。

【英文提升】We have no experience in fire drills./We are not expert at fire drills./We know next to nothing about fire drills.

②我们老师向我们讲解了……

思路：大家也许能够想到“讲解”就是“解释（explain）”，但explain还是稍微有些简单。打开思路，你可能会想到“给……以指导”这样的表达。

【中文转换】我们老师在……方面给了我们一些指导

【英文提升】Our teacher gave us some instructions on .../Our teacher instructed us on ...

③我们应该做些什么

思路：对于“做”，我们基本上只能想到用do来表达，因此必须先转换中文的表达方式，比如我们可以换为“处理”等。

【中文转换】我们应该如何处理/我们应该采取什么措施/我们应该作何反应

【英文提升】How to deal with it/What measures we should take/How to react

③发生火灾时

思路：除了用take place和occur替换happen，还有什么办法？在这里给大家讲个小技巧：我们可以通过转换主语来换动词。动作发出者不同，谓语动词必然不同，比如“公园要不要收门票”可以转换成“游客要不要交钱”来达到换词目的。这句话中“发生火灾”就可以转换为“我们遭受火灾”“我们面临火灾”等。

【中文转换】我们遭受火灾时/我们面临火灾时

【英文提升】When we suffer fire/When we are faced with fire

动词换完了，我们还可以对其他一些词进行替换，如将because替换为due to或since等。所有词替换完之后就可以把整个句子写成：Since we didn't have much experience in fire drills， our teacher gave us some instructions on how to react when we came across a fire before the fire drill began.

现在，我们试着将这个方法应用在高考英语真题上。2012年北京卷情景作文中，根据图画内容需要写这样一句话：当我看到公交车离开时，我感到很开心，因为我帮助了别人。大家写出来的句子可能会是这样的：When I saw the bus leaving， I felt very happy because I had helped others. 现在我们一起来处理几个关键动词：

①“离开”还可以表达为“消失在远方（disappear into the distance）”；

②“感到开心”可以表达为“觉得满足（satisfied或content）”，还可以把主语“我”转换成“开心”，表达为delight filled my heart；

③“帮助了别人”可以表达为“为别人提供了便利（do sb. a favor）”或“对需要的人伸出援手（offer others in need a helping hand）”。

经过处理后这句话就可以写成：When I saw the bus disappearing into the distance， a sense of delight filled my heart because I had offered others in need a helping hand.

通过利用中文转换来提升英文词汇，我们最终写出的句子明显比之前的漂亮很多。当然，要想让句子更加出彩，还需要从句型上面做文章，适当应用非谓语结构、倒装结构等丰富句型。当然，饭要一口一口吃，路要一步一步走，读完此文，大家还是赶紧练习一下，先掌握这个提升词汇的好方法吧！

作者简介：

张钦，北京新东方学校优能中学优秀教师，主要教授写作等高中课程及港大面试课程。毕业于澳大利亚悉尼大学，获媒体实务硕士学位；曾担任青岛新闻台《English Today》主播、澳大利亚电视台出镜记者及大型活动双语主持；2003年起从事英语教学，2006年加入北京新东方学校，教学经验丰富。

9.英文面试常用词汇测试 篇九

1.学历2.主修3.副修4.奖励

5.奖学金6.优秀干部7.学期(美)学期(英)

8.及格9.学位10.硕士11.学士12.学生

参考答案：

1.education 2.major 3.minor 4.rewards 5.scholarship

6.excellent leader 7.semester term 8.pass 9.degree

10.表示比较的英文词汇 篇十

一、进行比较时常用的过渡词语：

1、like To them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings.2、likewise By this logic the soldier would call his rifle “she”, and likewise the carpenter his hammer.3、in the same way We repaired the machine in the same way as he.4、in a like manner There are constitutionally allowable measures that can be enacted at the federal level to reduce ID fraud.Federal politicians, in a like manner to state ones, should consider submitting bills calling for all federal agencies to immediately cease using Social Security account numbers and birth dates as universal passwords.5、another Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs.So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.6、equally important At the same time, willingness by other countries and regions to work together with China is equally important

7、besides Besides, parents own much more life experience than us.Sometimes, they are just like our models.8、in fact There is not enough energy, in fact, in many regions of China.9、furthermore Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.1

10、too This is exact the job that I’m looking for, which is totally in line with my major, and the salary is very tempting, too.11、then I think after you become mature enough, then you can use your sharp eyes to recognize people, find who you really suit to, then, take it seriously.12、in addition to She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English.13、for one thing For one thing，with the increase in car ownership in recent years，the roads are becoming more and more crowded，often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream.14、moreover Moreover, you have risk to find the bad persons when chat in chat room especially women.15、at the same time At the same time, they will help us to shake off our demerit.16、accordingly So you should change your search term accordingly.17、similarly Similarly, a country, too, needs friends.二、进行对比时常用的过渡词语：

1、on the contrary On the contrary, I have only just begun.2、on the other hand On the other hand, libraries should not refuse the latest information technology, which will enable them to regain those young readers.3、despite Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance.4、yet Yet there is no consensus on the development of private cars.5、unlike Unlike people and dogs, cats are true carnivores.6、in contrast In contrast, science/technology/ education and art/literature/poetry books only account for 10.8 percent and 5.1 percent separately.7、conversely Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music.8、however However, without perseverance, one’s success may be more dependent on luck than anything else.9、different from Learning a language is different from learning math.10、in spite of In spite of all the above mentioned, I still favor owning a car.11、although Now although every minute is critical for this young life, his oiperation has been delayed for lack of money.12、but But when I went home and read it carefully, I found in surprise that a few pages were missing, what’s worse, there are too many misprints.13、whereas In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower” people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music.14、while Some believe that they can learn best by listening to the advice of others, while others believe that it is better to learn through personal experience.3