2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案

2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案（6篇）

1.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇一

全国2009年4月计算机网络原理试题

课程代码：04741

一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.被称为计算机网络技术发展里程碑的计算机网络系统是（C)A.ATM网 B.DEC网 C.ARPA网

D.SNA网

2.下列关于TCP/IP协议特点的叙述中错误．．的是（D)A.开放的协议标准、免费使用、独立于特定的计算机硬件与操作系统 B.独立于特定的网络硬件、可以运行于局域网、广域网和互联网中 C.标准化的高层协议，可以提供多种可靠的用户服务

D.灵活的网络地址分配方案，使得网络设备在网中具有灵活的地址

3.采用同步TDM时，为了区分不同数据源的数据，发送端采取的措施是(C)A.在数据中加上数据源标识 B.在数据中加上时间标识 C.各数据源使用固定时间片

D.各数据源使用随机时间片

4.规定了信号的电平、脉宽、允许的数据传输速率和最大传输距离的物理层特性是(A.机械特性 B.电气特性 C.功能特性

D.规程特性

5.曼彻斯特编码采用的同步方法是（B)A.外同步 B.自同步 C.群同步

D.字符同步

6.正确的循环冗余校验码的检错能力描述是（C)A.可检测出所有三比特的错 B.可检测出所有偶数位错 C.可检测出所有奇数位错

D.可检测出所有大于、等于校验位长度的突发错

7.在HDLC操作方式中，传输过程只能由主站启动的是(A)A.正常响应方式 B.异步响应方式 C.异步平衡方式

D.正常与异步响应方式

B)1

8.PPP协议提供的3类功能分别是：成帧、链路控制和(B)A.通信控制 B.网络控制 C.存储控制

D.安全控制

9.路由选择包括的两个基本操作分别为（D)A.最佳路径的判定和网内信息包的传送 B.可能路径的判定和网间信息包的传送 C.最优选择算法和网内信息包的传送 D.最佳路径的判定和网间信息包的传送 10.OSPF不支持．．．的网络类型是（D)A.点对点网络 B.广播网络 C.非广播式的网络

D.点对多点网络

11.IP数据报经分段后进行传输，在到达目的主机之前，分段后的IP数据报(A A.可能再次分段，但不进行重组 B.不可能再次分段和重组 C.不可能再次分段，但可能进行重组

D.可能再次分段和重组

12.C类IP地址可标识的最大主机数是(C)A.128 B.254 C.256

D.1024 13.路由信息协议(RIP)使用的路由算法是（C)A.最短路由选择算法 B.扩散法

C.距离矢量路由算法

D.链路状态路由算法

14.在Internet中，路由器的路由表通常包含(C)A.目的网络和到达该网络的完整路径 B.所有目的主机和到达该主机的完整路径

C.目的网络和到达该网络的下一个路由器的IP地址 D.互联网中所有路由器的地址

15.TCP段结构中，端口地址的长度为（B)A.8比特 B.16比特 C.24比特

D.32比特

16.可靠的传输协议中的“可靠”是指（D)A.使用面向连接的会话 B.使用“尽力而为”的传输 C.使用滑动窗口来维持可靠性

D.使用确认机制来维持可靠性

17.在TCP／IP协议的传输层将数据传送给用户应用进程所使用的地址形式是(C A.IP地址

B.MAC地址))2

C.端口号

18.一个完整的域名长度不超过（B)．．．A.63字符 C.511字符

D.socket地址

B.255字符 D.1023字符

19.如果两台主机在同一子网内，则它们的IP地址与子网掩码进行（A)A.“与”操作，结果相同 C.“与非”操作，结果相同

B.“或”操作，结果相同 D.“异或”操作，结果相同

20.下列关于IEEE802局域网的说法正确的是（D)A.LLC子层与物理介质有关 C.数据链路层是不必需的

B.MAC子层不依赖于物理介质 D.可以不单独设置网络层

21.下列关于网桥的说法中，不正确的是(B)．．．A.网桥工作在数据链路层 B.网桥可以有效地防止广播风暴

C.网桥可以连接数据链路层协议不同的局域网 D.网桥因处理接收到的数据而增加了网络延时

22.IEEE802.1l规定的无线局域网操作的波段是(B)A.1.2GHZ C.4.8GHZ

B.2.4GHZ D.5.0GHZ 23.局域网操作系统分为面向任务型和（D)A.基础型 C.存储型

B.常用型 D.通用型

24.若使用二进制指数退避算法，发送成功概率最大的数据帧是（A)A.首次发送的帧 C.冲突4次的帧

B.冲突2次的帧 D.冲突8次的帧

二、填空题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。

25.ARPANET的主要目标是借助于通信系统，使网内各计算机系统间能够_____共享资源___。26.宽带网络的骨干网又称为核心交换网，它是基于____光纤通信系统____。

27.总线拓扑结构的网络中一次只能由一个设备传输信号，通常采用的控制策略是___分布式控制策略_____。28.为计算机网络中进行数据交换而建立的规则、标准或约定的集合称为___网络协议_____。29.OSI参考模型网络层中的协议数据单元常被称为____分组____。30.目前最常用的、经典的物理层协议是____RS-232C____。

31.在数据链路层最常用的两种流量控制方案是停止等待方案和____滑动窗口机制____。32.差错控制编码分为检错码和纠错码，而ARQ方式只使用____检错码____。33.在OSI参考模型中，网络节点中的最高层是____网络层____。

34.不用测量也不利用网络信息，只按某种固定规则进行路由选择的算法是____静态路由选择算法____。35.提供数据链路层的协议转换，用于不同或相同局域网之间的网络互连设备是___网桥_____。36.在Internet中，传输层的两种编址方式为平面结构和___分级结构_____。

37.DNS是一个分布式数据库系统，它的三个组成部分是域名空间、域名服务器和____地址转换请求程序____。

38.OSI／RM的数据链路层功能在局域网参考模型中被分成介质访问控制子层和____逻辑链路控制子层____。

39.IEEE802.3的MAC帧中，前导码中每个字节的比特模式为___10101010_____。

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）40．简述多路复用技术的概念与分类。

在数据通信系统或计算机网络系统中，传输介质的带宽或容量往往超过传输单一信号的需 求，为了有效地利用通信线路，希望一个信道同时传输多路信号，这就是所谓的多路复用技 术。频分多路复用FDM 和时分多路复用TDM 是两种最常用的多路复用技术。

41．简述停等协议的实现过程。停等协议的实现过程如下：

（1）发送方每次仅将当前信息帧作为待确认帧保留在缓冲存储器中；

（2）当发送方开始发送信息帧时，赋予该信息帧一个帧信号，随即启动计时器；

（3）当接收方收到无差错的信息帧后，即向发送方返回一个与该帧序号相同序号的 ACK确认帧；（4）当接收方检测到一个含有差错的信息帧时，便舍弃该帧。

（5）若发送方在规定时间内收到ACK 确认帧，即将计时器清零，继而开始下一帧的发送；

（6）若发送方在规定的时间内未收到ACK 确认帧（即计时器超时），则应重发存于缓冲器中的待确认信息帧。

42．简述IPv6与IPv4相比，IPv6的主要变化。IPv6 所引进的主要变化如下：

（1）IPv6 把IP 地址长度增加到128 比特，使地址空间增大了296 倍。（2）灵活的IP 报文头部格式。（3）简化协议，加快报文转发。（4）提高安全性。（5）支持更多的服务类型。

（6）允许协议继续演变，增加新的功能，使之适应未来技术的发展。

43．简述p-坚持CSMA的基本思想。

p-坚持CSMA。p-坚持CSMA（p-persistent CSMA）用于时分信道（Slotted Channel），其基本思想是，当一个节点要发送数据时，首先监听信道；如果信道忙则坚持监听到下一个时隙：

如果信道空闲，便以概率p 发送数据，以概率1-p 推迟到下一个时隙；如果下一个时隙信道仍然空闲，则仍以概率p 发送数据，以概率1-p 推迟到下一个时隙；这样过程一直持续下去，直到数据被发送出去，或因其节点发送而检测到信道忙为止，若是后者，则等待一段随机的时间后重新开始监听。

四、计算题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）

44．设信道上数据传输速率为4Kbps，信道的传播时延为20ms，采用停等协议，帧的控制信息、确认帧长及帧处理时间均忽略不计，若信道的利用率为50%。试求出数据帧的长度。20ms=0.02s50%*0.02=0.01s

4Kbps*0.01s=0.04K0.04K=0.04×1024B=40.96B

45．月球到地球的距离大约为3.8×105 Km，在它们之间架设一条200Kbps的点到点链路，信号传播速度为光速，将一幅照片从月球传回地球所需的时间为501.3s。试求出这幅照片占用的字节数。

46．有一个电缆长度为1Km的CSMA/CD局域网，信号传播速度为光速的2/3，其最小帧长度为1000bit。试求出数据传输速率。47．有一个100Mbps的令牌环网络，令牌环行时间是120μs，每个主机在每次得到令牌后可以发送1000字节的分组，发送完成后立即释放令牌。试求出任意一台主机可以取得的最大吞吐率。

五、应用题（本大题共3小题，每小题7分，共21分）

48．请给出分组交换网提供的虚电路服务与电路交换的区别，给出永久虚电路与交换虚电路的区别以及数据报服务的特点。

虚电路服务是网络层向传输层提供的一种使所有分组按顺序到达目的端系统的可靠的数据传送方式。进行数据交换的两个端系统之间存在着一条为它们服务的虚电路。电路交换：

（1）采用的是静态分配策略、经面向连接建立连接。

（2）通信双方建立的通路中任何一点出故障就会中断通话必须重新拨号建立连接方可继续。（3）线路的传输效率往往很低、造成通信线路资源的极大浪费。

（4）由于各异的计算机终端传输数据的速率不相同，采用电路交换。就很难相互通信。

交换虚电路——指在两个用户之间建立的临时逻辑连接。永久虚电路——指两个用户之间建立的永久性的逻辑连接。用户一开机一条永久虚电路就自动建立起来了。

数据报服务一般仅由数据报交换网来提供，端系统的网络层同网络节点中的网络层之间，一致地按照数据报操作方式交换数据，当端系统要发送数据时，网络层给该数据附加上地址、序号等信息，然后作为数据报发送给网络节点，目的端系统收到的数据报可能是不按序到达的，也有可能有数据报的丢失。

49．请给出目前VPN所采用的安全技术及概念。

目前 VPN 主要采用如下四项技术保证安全：隧道技术（Tunneling）、加解密技术（Encryption&Decryption）、密钥管理技术（Key Management）、使用者与设备身份认证技术（Authentication）。

（1）隧道技术。隧道技术是VPN 的基本技术，类似于点对点连接技术，它在公用建立一条数据通道（隧道），让数据包通过这条隧道传输。隧道是由隧道协议形成的，分为第二、三层隧道协议。第二层隧道协议是先把各种网络协议封装到PPP 中，再把整个数据包装入隧道协议中，这种双层封装方法形成的数据包靠第二层协议进行传输。第二层隧道协议有L2F、PPTP、L2TP 等；第三层隧道协议是把各种网络协议直接装入隧道协议中，形成的数据包依靠第三层协议进行传输。第三层隧道协议有VTP、IPSec等。（2）加解密技术。加解密技术是数据通信中一项较成熟的技术，VPN 可直接利用现有技术实现加解密。（3）密钥管理技术。密钥管理技术的主要任务是如何在公用数据上安全地传递密钥而不被窃取。现行密钥管理技术又分为 SKIP 与 ISAKMP/OAKLEY 两种。SKIP 主要是利用DiffieHellman 的演算法则，在网络上传输密钥；在ISAKMP 中，双方都有两把密钥，分别用于公用、私用。

（4）使用者与设备身份认证技术。使用者与设备身份认证技术最常用的是使用者名称与密码或卡片式认证等方式。

50．说明网络安全攻击的四种形式和攻击目标、并画出网络安全攻击的四种形式示意图。

通常的网络安全攻击有以下四种形式：中断是以可用性作为攻击目标，它毁坏系统资源（如硬件），切断通信线路，或使文件系统变得不可用，如图（a）所示；截获是以保密性作为攻击目标，非授权用户通过某种手段获得对系统资源的访问，如搭线窃听、非法拷贝等，如图（b）所示；修改是以完整性作为攻击目标，非授权用户不仅获得对系统资源的访问，而且对文件进行篡改，如改变文件中的数据或者修改网上传输的信息等，如图（c）所示，伪造是以完整性作为攻击目标，非授权用户将伪造的数据插入到正常系统中，如在网络上散布一些虚假信息等。如图（d）所示。

2.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇二

2012年4月网络教育统考“大学语文B”试题及参考答案

一、填空题（每小题1分，共4分）

1．汉乐府民歌流传至今的多为时期的作品。

2．江西诗派的代表人物是。

3．“借离合之情，写兴亡之感”是清代戏曲《》的创作宗旨。

4．商务洽谈纪要又称。

二、选择题（每小题1分，共10分。在每小题四个选项中，请选出一项正确答案）

5．中唐倡导新乐府运动的著名诗人是（）。

A．杜牧B．李白C．孟浩然D．白居易

6． “周公吐哺，天下归心”出自曹操的（）。

A．《龟虽寿》B．《短歌行》C．《苦寒行》D．《观沧海》

7．范增这一人物出自（）。

A．《史记·项羽本纪》B．《史记·李将军列传》

C．《汉书·艺文志》D．《史记·留侯世家》

8．不属于“词”的称谓的是（）。

A．乐府B．曲子词C．长短句D．话本

9．全部属于行政公文上行文的一组是（）。

A．请示、报告B．批复、意见C．决定、议案D．通报、通告

10．明清传奇是（）。

A．诗歌B．小说C．散文D．戏曲

11．《西游记》属于（）。

A．历史演义小说B．英雄传奇小说

C．神魔小说D．世情小说

12．王利发这一人物出自老舍的（）。

A．《骆驼祥子》B．《四世同堂》 C．《龙须沟》D．《茶馆》

13．《写在人生边上》的作者是（）。

A．朱自清B．巴金C．钱钟书D．王小波

14．舒婷《致橡树》的主题是（）。

A．爱情B．思乡C．追忆D．

三、名词解释（每小题3分，共6分）

15．南洪北孔

16．京派小说

四、简答与默写（共25分）

17．简析杜甫《新婚别》一诗借新婚写离乱的表现手法。（6分）

18．简析郭沫若诗歌《天狗》中“天狗”的象征意义。（7分）

19．简述何其芳散文《黄昏》的写作特点。（7分）

20．默写柳永《凤栖梧》（独倚危楼风细细）。（5分）

„„无言谁会凭栏意。。。

五、论述题（共15分）

21．分析小说《红楼梦·宝玉挨打》中贾政、宝玉父子矛盾冲突的社会意义。

六、作文（共40分）

漂泊

22．题目：圆梦

要求：（1）除诗歌外，文体不限；

（2）字数不少于800字；

（3）字迹工整，卷面整洁。

2008年4月统考 大学语文B参考答案与评分标准

一、填空题(每小题1分，共4分)

1.东汉

2.黄庭坚

3.桃花扇

4.意向书

二、选择题(每小题1分，共10分)

5.(D)6.(B)7.(A)8.(D)9.(A)

10.(D)11.(C)12.(D)13.(C)14.(A)

三、名词解释(每小题3分，共6分)

15.“南洪北孔”指清代康熙年间的杭州人洪昇与曲阜人孔尚任，他们分别创作了传奇剧《长生殿》与《桃花扇》。

16.京派小说是一个远离文学党派性与商业性的小说流派，它偏重表现乡土中国的“常”与“变”，追求纯正的艺术趣味和自由、和谐、稳健的风格，讲求艺术个性和技巧。代表作家作品有沈从文的《边城》、废名的《桥》、萧乾的《篱下》等。

四、简答题(共25分)

17.洞房花烛夜本是人生一大乐事，但新娘子却面临与丈夫的生离死别，这是安史之乱带给人民的巨大痛苦和灾难。诗歌通过新娘子的内心独白，借新婚即别来写时代的离乱和人民的苦难，反映重大的社会主题。这首诗是杜甫现实主义诗歌创作的典范之作。

18.“天狗”是“五四”时期个性解放的反叛精神的象征，是自由、无羁、破坏和反抗的形象，表达作者要扫荡一切、彻底打破一切的勇气。这种自信又惘然的情绪，是觉醒之后的渴望与焦灼，是典型的“五四”“暴躁凌厉之气”。

19.《黄昏》的写作特点：一是追求散文文字的色彩美;二是丰富的想象与比喻;三是跳跃的意象。

20.拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

五、论述题(共15分)

21.贾政与宝玉的矛盾焦点在于两种价值观念的取向与两种文化思想的矛盾。

贾政是封建文化的代言人，热衷于道德文章、仕途经济，希望宝玉成才，光宗耀祖;宝玉是新的社会观念的代表，热衷于情场、知己，拒绝走父亲为他设定的道路。

宝玉的思想与贾政所代表的封建正统文化是格格不入的，这不仅因为贾政是父亲，还因为贾政是正统，宝玉是异端，正是这样一种世界观的冲突，最后才演变为暴力冲突，形成双方矛盾不可调和的局面。

贾政认为现在的宝玉在外“流荡优伶，表赠私物，在家荒疏学业，淫辱母婢”，那么将来“弑父弑君”也并非没有可能，因此他打宝玉的出发点是要把宝玉拉回到正统的道路上来。

作者通过家庭父子的矛盾来折射社会政治矛盾，深刻揭示出贾政、宝玉父子之间的亲情是如何被双方社会价值观念的矛盾所取代的真实状况。

六、作文(共40分)

22.要求：(1)除诗歌外，文体不限。

(2)字数不少于800字。

3.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇三

岗位______姓名______分数______

一、判断题（每题1分，共15分）

1、变压器的作用是升压或降压。（×）

2、电气检修不可以使用金属通柄顶的螺丝刀。（√）

3、使用万用表能测量绝缘物的电阻。（×）

4、使用绝缘电阻表测量设备绝缘时，应遵循“先摇后接、先撤后停”的原则。（√）

5、试电笔在每次使用前，应先在确认有电的带电体上试验是否良好。（√）

6、真空断路器是指触头在高真空中开断电路的断路器。它所采用的绝缘介质和弧介质是高真空。（√）

7、电抗器在电路中是用作限流、稳流、无功补偿、移相等的一种电容元件。（╳）

8、电缆的接地线截面应不小于16mm2，在没有多股软铜线时，可用铝绞线代替。（╳）

9、交流接触器和磁力启动器不能切断短路电流。（√）

10、在额定电压下，开关能可靠切断的最大电流叫做额定断路电流，它表明开关的断路能力。在低于额定电压的情况，断路电流可略有增大，其最大值为极

限开断电流。（√）

11、熔断器不仅可以作短路保护，而且还能作为过载保护。（√）

12、厂用电快切装置起动切换的必要条件之一是工作、备用开关一个合着 , 另

一个打开。(√)

13、高温是促成老化的直接原因。运行中绝缘的工作温度越高 , 氧化反应进行得越快 , 绝缘老化也越快。(√)

14、当变压器油位低于气体继电器时 , 气体继电器将不会动作于报警。（×）

15、隔离开关不能在带负荷的情况下进行操作。(√)

二、选择题(每题1.5分，共30分）

1、变压器铁芯采用叠片式的目的是（C）。

A、减少漏磁通 B、节省材料C、减少涡流损失D、减小

2、变压器温度计指示的变压器顶层油温，一般不得超过（C）。

A、75℃B、80℃C、95℃

3、电力系统的负荷是指电力系统中所有用电设备消耗的功率，电力系统的负荷应是（B）。

A、有功功率B、有功功率和无功功率C、无功功率

4、电缆导线截面的选择是根据（C）进行的。

A、额定电流B、传输容量C、传输容量与短路电流

5、接地线一经拆除，应认为线路（D）

A、不一定停电；B、停电；C、不一定带电；D、已带电。

6、变压器的变比是（B）。

A、高、低压绕组的匝数比；B、空载时高、低压侧额定电压之比；

C、额定负载时，高、低压侧额定电压之比

7、电动机轴承要运行平稳、低噪音、经济和支撑结构简单等，因此（D）类型是电动轴承的最佳选择。

A、圆柱滚子轴承B、推力球轴承C、调整球轴承D、深沟球轴承

8、断路器具有良好的灭弧性能，它既能够在正常工作条件下切断负载电流，又能靠热脱扣自动切断（D）

A、额定电流B、短路电流C、冲击电流D、过载电流

9、电工钳、电工刀、螺丝刀属于（C）。

A、电工基本安全用具B、电工辅助安全用具

C、电工基本工具D、一般防护安全用具

10、对接地线叙述错误的是（B）

A、接地线应涂漆以示明标志，一般规定黑色为保护接地，紫色底黑色线条为接 地中性线

B、配电变压器低压侧中性点的接地导线，需要用裸铜绞线，其截面积不应小于25mm2

C、不允许用一根接地导线把几台设备串联起来

D、户内接地导线要采用多股绝缘绞线，户外常采用多股绞线

11、运行半小时左右电动机被卡住，停些时间又能运转的故障原因可能是（B）

A、电动机轴承损坏B、机械负载过重

C、电动机润滑不良D、以上说法都不对

12、移动式电动工具用的电源线，应选用的导线类型是（B）。

A、绝缘软线B、通用橡套电缆C、绝缘电线D、地埋线

13、立式电动机转动轴两端应选用轴承的类型名称是（B）。

A、两端均匀推力球轴承B、一端推力轴承，另一端为向防轴承

C、两端均匀向心短圆柱滚子轴承D、一端为向心球轴承，另一端为滚针轴承

14、机座中心高200mm的Y系列电动机所用轴承型号是6213，其内径是（C）mm。

A、13B、130C、65D、21315、选择.电机轴承润滑脂类别的依据是（D）。

A、保证轴承的设计寿命B、延长轴承的运行寿命C、轴承的安装态

D、轴承转速、工作温度、负荷大小的性质、工作环境及安装状态

16、、电机润滑剂的作用是（C）

A、降低轴承运行的速度

B、增高电机的工作速

C、降低摩擦力，减小磨损，还可防锈蚀，降噪声，减震并利于热

D、降低轴承的工作温度

17、变压器在传输电功率的过程中仍然要遵守（C）。

A、电磁感应定律B、动量守恒定律C、能量守恒定律D、阻抗变换定律

18、单相鼠笼式异步电动机的工作原理与（B）相同。

A、单相变压器 B、三相鼠笼式异步电动机 C、交流电焊变压器 D、直流电动机

19、改变电容式单相异步电动机的转向方法是（D）。

A、主、副绕组对调B、电源相线与零线对调C、电容器接线对调

D、主绕组或副绕组中任意一个首尾对调

20、单相电容式异步电动机定子铁心嵌放（A）绕组。

A、2套B、1套C、3套D、4套

三、填空题（每空1分，共15分）

1、中性点直接接地系统，称为（大接地电流）系统；中性点非直接接地系统，称为（小接地电流）系统。

2、触电的伤害有两种，即（电击）和（电伤）。

3、对继电保护装置的基本要求是（选择性）、（快速性）、（灵敏性）、（可靠性）。

4、手车的三种位置：（工作位置），（试验位置），（检修位置）。

5、瓦斯保护是利用变压器油箱内部故障后（气体）变化和（油流）的运动而构成的保护。能有效地反应变压器油箱内的任何故障 , 它分为（重瓦斯）和（轻瓦斯）保护 , 前者动作于跳闸也可切换至信号 , 后者动作于信号报警。

四、问答题（每题１５分）

1、怎样安装电机轴承？

答：安装轴承前，把轴承内盖先套在轴上，安装轴承时，要把轴承有号码（标志)一面朝外，以便查看安装轴承应用套筒安装法，金属套筒（铜的最好）顶着轴承内圈，套筒另一端垫上铁板用手锤敲打，就能安装好轴承；套筒两端要磨平,使轴承内圈受力均匀，轴承不会磨损；轴承装好后，要用手转动一下，看看是否灵活，转动灵活即为合格。

2、简述催化Ｐ401/A高压电机由热备用转检修的倒闸操作步骤？

五、计算题(10分）

1、有一台三相异步电动机，三角形接法，电压380V，功率7.5KW，功率因数为0.85，频率50HZ，转速1440r/min,电流15.4A，求电动机的额定转差率、额定

N。

解：（1）、由nN=1440 r/min可知，电动机是四极，n1=1500 r/minSN=(n1-Nn)/ n1=（1500-1440）/1500=0.04

4.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇四

PART ONE

I．Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)

A.Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions labeled [A], [B],[C] and [D].Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1.You can’t be too careful while driving!

[A]开车要特别小心！[B]开车不能太小心！

[C]你开车时不得不小心翼翼！[D]你开车要小心，但切忌谨小慎微！

2.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil.[A]土样被从不同深度取出，进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。

[B]从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。

[C]根据含油的迹象，土样被从不同深度取出，对之进行检验。

[D]为了寻找含油的迹象，从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验。

3.Scarcity of deer in some areas or Texas is attributed to the screw-worm.[A]得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少造成了这样螺旋锥蝇的出现。

[B]得可萨斯州某些地区稀少的鹿群与这种螺旋锥蝇起着相互影响。

[C]这种螺旋锥蝇的出现，就是因得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少而造成的。

[D]得可萨斯州某些地区鹿群之所以稀少，就是由这种螺旋锥蝇造成的。

4.It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I had intended to pay to Germany in January.[A]我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。

[B]我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。

[C]令我深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。

[D]令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对的国预定的访问。

5.Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, and the waters flow more quietly.[A]河面逐渐展开，两岸徐徐向后退去，河水也流得更为平缓。

[B]河面逐渐展开，两岸离得越来越远，河水也流得更为平缓。

[C]河面逐渐展开，两岸变得越来越近，河水也流得更为平缓。

[D]河面逐渐展开，两岸愈加隐隐约约，河水也流得更为平缓。

6.Zhou Enlai arranged for experts from Beijing University to give Bill Morrow some up-to-date information he wanted.[A]北京大学的专家想为比尔·莫罗提供一些最新情况，周恩来就给他们作了安排。

[B]周恩来想让北京大学的专家作出安排，向比尔·莫罗介绍一些最新情况。

[C]比尔·莫罗想了解一些最新的情况，周恩来就安排北京大学的专家向他作介绍。

[D]比尔·莫罗想了解一些有关北京大学的专家的最新情况，周恩来就作了安排。

7.小王没有辜负父母的期望。

[A]Xiao Wang reached his parents’ expectations.[B]Xiao Wang satisfied his parents’ hopes.[C]Xiao Wang realized his parents’ dreams.[D]Xiao Wang lived up to his parents’ expectations.8.世界在变化，我们的思想和行动也要随之而变。

[A]The world is changing, we should change our thinking and actions along with it.[B]The world is changing, werefore we should change our thinking and actions along with it.[C]The world is changing, and we should change our thinking and actions along with it.[D]The world is changing, but we should change our thinking and actions along with it.9.大错误没有犯，小错误没有断，因为我们没有经验。

[A]We haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made minor ones, because we have no experience.[B]Since we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no1

experience.[C]As we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience.[D]although we haven’t made any major mistakes, we have made many minor ones, because we have no experience.10.她不爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。

[A]She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question.[B]She said little, answering only briefly when asking a question.[C]She said little, others asked and then she answered briefly.[D]She said little, and not answered briefly only until other asked.B: Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Select the one that best completes each statement.11.“信、达、雅”这一翻译标准，是严复在他翻译的_________一书中的“译例言”中提出的。

[A]《原富》[B]《天演论》[C]《法意》[D]《穆勒名学》

12.周煦良认为“雅”应当理解为________.[A]尔雅[B]有文采[C]得体[D]易懂

13.__________认为，一部好的译作总是既有直译又有意译的：凡能直译处坚持直译，必须意译处则放手意译。

[A]傅雷[B]郭沫若[C]王佑良[D]茅盾

14.王力先生指出，西文多用形合法，______.[A]因此定语从句用得特别多[B]因为现在分词用得特别多

[C]联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的[D]介词和介词短语往往是不可缺少的15.就句子结构而言，一般说来，_________.[A]汉语多用并列结构，英语也多用并列结构[B]汉语多用并列结构，英语多用主从结构

[C]汉语多用主从结构，英语有多用主从结构[D]汉语多用主从结构，英语多用并列结构

PART TWO

II.Phrase Translation(20 points, 1 point for each)

A.Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.16.the Industrial Revolution17.joint venture

18.labor intensive industries19.court of appeals

20.registered capiotal21.force majeure

22.Universal Copyright Convention23.per capita

24.internal combustion engine25.economic globalization

B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.26.自然资源27.营业执照28.修正案29.香港特别行政区

30.保险公司31.原料32.太和殿33.金融危机

34.原油35.国民生产总值

III.Translation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)

Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies.Improve the given translations.A.Example:

原文：It was an old and ragged moon.译文：那是一个又老又破的月亮。

改译：那是一弯下弦残月。

36.原文：They had barely enough time to catch the train.译文：他们刚够使劲赶上火车。

37.原文：Martha bought a suit for one-third off the regular price.译文：玛莎以原价三分之一的钱买了一套衣服。

38.原文：I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.译文：我把青春献给了海洋，回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。

39.原文：Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth.译文：他的许多思想对当代青年特别感兴趣。

40.原文：Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects.译文：布林德雷在为他的工程项目到处奔走的时候，还用自己的帐户中的利息对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。

41.原文：It may not be in the interest of one or more of these groups to have clarity and simplicity in land information and regulations where that group is deriving illegal

profits from land transactions.译文：使土地信息透明和土地法规简化可能不符合正在从土地买卖中非法获得的某些集团的利益。

B.Example:

原文：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。

译文：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces.改译：Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces, and so does reform.42.原文：她在这出戏里扮演祥林嫂。

译文：She played the part of Sister-in-law Xianglin in the opera.43.原文：先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。

译文：The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to the position of Harvard in the United States in the American history.44.原文：就我们国家来讲，首先是要摆脱贫穷。要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条比较快的发展道路。

译文：For China, the first thing is to throw off poverty.To throw off poverty we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly.45.原文：我进去看了，只记得有几个年青人在那里唱民歌，别的没有印象了。

译文：I went there to have a look.All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there, and I do not remember anything else.IV.Paragraph Translation(30 points)

A.Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.(20 points)

46.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan.Driving southward from Cairo into the Valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.For the next 1,800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield.At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts.I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm.The villages and towns were usually perched on the edge, so as not to waste arable soil and because there was a need, before the High Dam tamed the Nile, to live beyond the reach of the annual floods.The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.B.Directions: Translate the following passage into English.(10 points)

47.我虽爱买书，而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候，常在书上把我认为要紧的处所标出。有些书用笔加圈，其他书就用红铅笔划粗粗的线。经过我看过的书，统体干净的很少。

参考答案及评分标准

I．Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)

1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B6.C7.D 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.B12.C 13.C14.C 15.B

II.Phrase Translation(20 points, 1 point for each)

A.16．工业革命（或产业革命）17．合资企业18．劳动秘集型产业

19．上诉法庭20．注册资本21．不可抗力 22．世界版权公约

23．人均24．内燃机25．经济全球化

B.26.natural resources27.business license28.amendment

29.Hong Kong Special Administrative Region（或Hong Kong SAR）

30.insurance company31.raw material(s)32.The Hall of Supreme Harmony

33.financial crisis34.crude oil35.gross national product（或GNP）

III.Translation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)

[评分标准及参考答案]

一．本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

二．凡与参考答案相符，给2分；若与参考答案不符，但考生能用规范译语把原文的意思准确地表达出来，也可给2分。

三．即使辨认出错误，但没有正确改译，不给分。

四．如考生在改译中把原译的错处或缺点改掉，却又在另一点上犯错，原则上不给分；如错误小，可考虑给1分。

A.36．他们差点儿没赶上火车。（要求考生掌握副词“barely”的意思及反译法）

37．玛莎买了一套衣服，比原价便宜三分之一。（要求考生掌握分数及“off”在这儿的译法）

38．我年青时出海，回到妻子身边时已垂垂老矣。（要求考生把握全句，用引伸法译出意思。如有人译成“我将青春献给了大海，晚年回家来和妻子过日子”等，也不算错。）

39．他的许多观点，当代青年特别感兴趣。（要求考生在译文中弄清主谓动宾关系，注意句子结构。）

40．布林德雷在为他的工程项目到处奔走的时候，出于自愿和兴趣，对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。（要求考生避免望文生义，弄清确切意思再翻译）

41．使土地信息透明，土地法规简化，就可能不符合某些集团的利益，因为这些集团正在从土地买卖中非法获利。（要求考生用切分法翻译此长句）

B.42.She played the part of Xianglin’s Wife in the opea.（要求考生避免死译，不要一看到“嫂”就翻译成“sister-in-law”，要理清关系。但若翻译为“Sister Xianglin”，虽不准确，但口语中也有人这样说，因此也可给分。）

43.The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.（要求考生用人称代词所有格代替重复部分）

44.For China, the first thing is to throw off poverty.To do that we have to find a way to develop fairly rapidly.（要求考生避免重复，用规范的英语表达）

45.I went there to have a look.All I remember now is that some young people were singing folk songs there.（要求考生用省略法翻译，避免中式思维）

IV.Paragraph Translation(30 points)

A.[参考答案]（20分）

46．尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。从这里再往前一千八百英里，尼罗河像一条细细的蓝色丝带，缓缓流向北方，沿途穿过棕色的土地和绿色的田野，这田地窄的不过几码，宽的则赶得上美国依阿华州的玉米地。田地外边是村草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方则平平地伸向地平线。

我感到仿佛是在开车穿过一个狭窄而极长的农场。大小村镇一般都处于田地的边上，这是为了不浪费耕地，同时有是因为在高坝控制尼罗河以前，有必要住得远一点，以躲避每年发生的洪水。公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，有时穿过庄稼地，有时像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。

[评分要点]

英译汉部分满分为20分，包括分句评价分18分，总体评价分2分。

分句评价分的分值如下：

第1句：（3分）

follow一词不可译为“跟随”。译文需改变句子结构。

第2句：（3分）

要正确理解owed little to，译作“没有受到多少现代影响，”“没有多少现代的痕迹，”或类似译法均可。第3句：（3分）

unwound一词不可译作展开，可译作“穿过”，或“延伸”。

第4句：（3分）

这是一个倒装句，关键是把动词lay处理好。译文需改变句子的结构。

第5句：（2分）

had the illusion可译作“仿佛感到”，或“有一种幻觉”等，但不可译作“幻想”。

第6句：（2分）

要正确处理a need 和to live的关系。

第7句：（2分）

要正确理解now„，now„的意思。

总体评价分为2分。考生的分句评价分在15分（含15分）以上才可加总体评价分。如果译文在总体上理解正确，内容上忠实原文，表达流畅，汉语规范，则可给2分。如果理解基本正确，内容上基本忠实原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给1分。

B.[参考答案]（10分）

47.Much as I love books, I take little care of them.In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book.In some books, I use a writing brush to draw small circles as markings.In others, I use a red pencil to draw heavy underlines.Consequently, the books I have read are rarely clean.[评分要点]

汉译英部分满分为10分，包括分句评价分9分，总体评价分1分。

分句评价分的分值如下：

第1句：（2分）

although和but不能在句中同时出现。

第2句：（2分）

译文应有主语。

第3句：（3分）

该句可译成两句。如译成一句，则需有联结成分。“笔”若译成pen，不算错。

第4句：（2分）

注意句子结构。不要译成：The books I have read, few are clean，或出现类似的语法错误。

5.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇五

1.Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five______stages.A.moderate B.initial C.distinct D.advanced 2.The student_____described the beautiful mountains and rivers in his home town.A.artificially B.vividly C.critically D.viciously 3.What her grandfather said left a_____impression on her mind.She still remembers it.A.final B.vague C.deep D.main 4.By the end of next year the bridge _____.A.is to complete B.has been completed C.will be completing D.will have been completed 5.We have greatly _____the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion.A.stimulated B.perceived C.obscured D.simplified 6.We should_____this in mind:Dont judge a person by his appearance.A.bear B.put C.place D.print 7.Even after decades of _____，the two brothers recognized each other immediately.A.separation B.cooperation C.correspondence D.communication 8.The spokesman occasionally_____his speech with gestures.A.acknowledges B.accompanies C.attributes D.anticipates 9.In order to follow fashions，the girl has to_____great discomforts.A.catch up with B.put up with C.keep up with D.fall in with 10.There is something wrong with my mobile phone.I must have it_____.A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.repaired

二、Cloze Test（10 points,1 point for each item）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.If you asked people what the most important invention has been,many would say the printing press.Others 1 say the wheel.But even though it’s 2 whether the appearance of the printing press affected the course of history more than the wheel，the printing press 3 within the top two or three inventions in history.4 the telephone，the television,the radio，and the computer,the written word was the only way to 5 ideas to people too far away to talk with.Until the 6th or 7th century,all books had to be written 6.Creating a book was difficult，and very few existed.Therefore，very few people read books.In the 6th and 7th centuries，the Chinese invented a way to print pages by 7 characters and pictures on wooden，ivory，or clay blocks.They would print a page from the block by putting 8 on the block and pressing paper onto the ink.This 9 is called letterpress printing.The invention of letterpress printing was a great advance in communication 10 each block could be inked many times and many copies of each page could be made.Many books could now be made.Therefore，many people could read the same book.(1).(A).migh t(B).ought to(C).had to(D).should(2).(A).variable(B).agreeable(C).reliable(D).debatable(3).(A).lists(B).ranges(C).ranks(D).covers(4).(A).Now that(B).No longer(C).Long before(D).Since then(5).(A).invent(B).communicate(C).generalize(D).motivate(6).(A).by hand(B).at heart(C).on foot(D).in mind(7).(A).drawing(B).painting(C).writing(D).carving(8).(A).chalk(B).oil(C).ink(D).crystal(9).(A).definition(B).action(C).movement(D).process(10).(A).when(B).because(C).although(D).if

三、Reading Comprehension（30 points，2 points for each item）从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American Revolution to World WarⅡ—that’s a long time.The U.S.had a very resourcerich environment，with game，fish and wildlife.In fact we have data on disadvantaged people in America,such as slaves.They were obviously among the most mistreated populations in the world，but given the resource abundance，and given the fact that the slave owners needed their work,they had to be fed relatively decently.So the slaves were taller than European peasants.It’s no wonder that Europeans were just flooding to America.Americans today are no longer the tallest people in the world.After World WarⅡ，many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable social policies.There is universal health insurance in most of these societies—that,of course，makes a difference in health care.You can also consider income inequality in the U.S., since people who are at the low end of the totem pole(图腾柱)have considerable adversity making ends meet.I suspect the difference in height between Americans and Europeans is due to both diet and health care.Americans today suffer from an

additional problem：obesity.If children are too well nourished，then they’re not able to grow optimally.There are certain hormones that control the start of the adolescent growth and the start of adolescence．Nutrition is one of the factors，along with genetic and hormonal ones which are associated with the start of puberty(青春期)．And if puberty comes too early，then the youth will peak out sooner,and will not become as tall in adulthood as someone who had better nutrition．Also,the overload of carbohydrates and fats in a fastfood diet may hinder the consumption of micronutrients essential to growth．(1).The word “game” in(line 2，para.1)refers to.(A).animals hunted for food(B).rich natural resources(C).activities played by kids(D).sports events to be held(2).Slaves in America were taller than European peasants because.(A).they were badly treated(B).they did not do farm work(C).they had sufficient food to eat(D).they enjoyed better health care(3).It is implied in the second paragraph that.(A).Europeans could make more money than Americans(B).average Americans used to be shorter than Europeans(C).welfare helps Europeans grow taller than Americans(D).people on the totem pole are leading a comfortable life(4).According to the third paragraph,overweight children in the U.S..(A).tend to have better nutrition for growth(B).tend to eat more food to grow taller(C).will grow taller than average children(D).will fail to grow into an ideal height(5).Eating too much fast food may affect.(A).the absorption of micronutrients(B).the intake of carbohydrates(C).the consumption of hormones(D).the digestion of fats 2.Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka are a young Japanese couple living in the USA while Yoshio studies electrical engineering．They clearly love each other very deeply,but，says Yoshio，“We didn’t marry for love in the Western sense.We got married in the timehonoured Japanese way．Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker．In Japan we believe that marriage is something that affects the whole family，not just the young couple concerned.So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background，education and so on．Matchmakers are usually middleaged women who keep lists of suitable young people with information about their families，education and interests.When our parents thought it was time for us to get married they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions．We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent，and then our parents asked her to arrange a ‘marriage interview’ for the two of us．”

A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place，such as a hotel or restaurant,and is attended by the boy and the girl，their parents and the matchmaker．Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea and a meal．Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to know each other．When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they wan to meet again or not．If both of them want a second meeting，the matchmaker arranges it，and after that they can decide whether to carry on the courtship themselves．Here Hiromi said with a gentle smile，“Not so long ago，the girl could never refuse to go out again with a boy who liked her,but now she can.I thought Yoshio was really nice，so I didn’t refuse．”

Yoshio continued：“When our parents realized we were serious about each other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding．My family paid the ‘Yuino’money to Hiromi’s．This money is to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up house afterwards．We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the best room of their house，so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry.Six months after our first meeting we were married.A traditional Japanese wedding is a wonderful ceremony,and our traditional custom of arranged marriage has given me a wonderful wife．”

(1).The Japanese think marriage is important because.(A).it is expensive to hire a matchmaker(B).it is timeconsuming to match people(C).it concerns the couple and their families as well(D).it is hard to get the approval of the couples parents

(2).After a marriage interview,the second meeting will be decided by.(A).the boys parents(B).the matchmaker(C).the young couple(D).the girls parents(3).It is implied in the second paragraph that.(A).a good hotel can bring about a good marriage(B).men used to be dominant in choosing a partner(C).women played a leading role in choosing a partner(D).a marriage interview settles all marriage arrangements(4).Yoshio thinks that the traditional Japanese marriage is.(A).costly(B).satisfying(C).complex(D).outdated(5).This passage is mainly about.(A).the process of an arranged Japanese marriage(B).a wedding ceremony in a Japanese fashion(C).conventional marriage and modern marriage(D).the role of matchmakers in arranging marriages 3.College-bound American high school students usually have some combination of parents，teachers，guidance counselors，or peers to support them in the tough process of applying to and beginning college.Unfortunately，adults who want to go to college—particularly adults who have been out of school for a long time—generally have no such support system.“Adults have a much harder time starting out in college because，unlike regular students，they have adult obligations—raising children and working full time—that often conflict with the demands of school，”says Deepa Rao，a World Education expert.“Also，adults who have been out of school for a long time may not be academically prepared for collegelevel work.Some have little exposure to technologies like email and Internet research,which are an increasing part of college communication and courses.They may be unaware of available resources，such as financial aid,tutoring centers or mentoring programs，and may be unfamiliar with terms such as ‘bursar’and‘prerequisite.’And if you don’t know where to begin or what to do once you do get there，it’s easy to get overwhelmed and simply give up.”

The challenges that working adults face when going to college inspired Deepa to develop a web page and website as part of World Education’s National College Transition Network(NCTN)，an online forum for technical assistance，news,and helpful resources for educators，policy makers，and others interested in adult learning.The new website is a counterpart(对应物)to the NCTN，set up to guide adults who are considering college through the process of applying to and succeeding in school.The website is arranged like a college campus，with‘buildings’representing the sort of departments and classrooms housed on a college campus.Each building contains‘classes’that describe the admissions process，where to look for grants and scholarships，and lists resources，where an outofpractice student can review reading，writing，and math.There are also lists of advice and resources to help students with their college life.Another helpful aspect of this interactive,multimedia site is its audio capacity：all texts can be read to the visitor.This particular feature is especially helpful for people with visual problems or learning disabilities.The cycle of learning runs from cradle to grave，and World Education works to break down barriers to education for people of all ages，all over the world.(1).According to the passage，working adults find it difficult to start their college education because.(A).they are too busy and academically unprepared(B).they have been out of school for quite a long time(C).tutoring resources in college are unavailable to them(D).they do not have enough money for further education(2).The comparison between adult students and regular students shows that.(A).the latter are less prepared than the former(B).the latter have more problems than the former(C).the former have more problems than the latter(D).the former are no less prepared than the latter(3).The purpose of the website is to.(A).help adult students edit web pages

(B).provide adult students with guidance(C).solve financial problems of adult students(D).enable students to repair computers by themselves(4).The newly created website provides programs.(A).for regular college students only(B).for students interested in websites(C).for students including the disabled(D).for educators interested in adult learning(5).The last paragraph shows that learning.(A).involves difficulties(B).starts at ones birthplace(C).requires repeated efforts(D).is a lifelong process

四、Word Spelling(20 points,1 point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每 个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

1.多种多样的a.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 2.同样地ad.l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.手册，指南n.m_ _ _ _ _ 4.消费者n.c_ _ _ _ 5.商标n.t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.偏见n.b_ _ _7.城市的a.u_ _ _ _8.观众n.a_ _ _ _ _9.材料n.m_ _ _ _ _ _ _10.词典n.d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11.值得v.d_ _ _ _ _ _ 12.科学的a.s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13.缺陷，毛病n.d_ _ _ _ _ 14.延长，拉长v.p_ _ _ _ _ _ 15.图书馆馆员n.l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16.药片n.t_ _ _ _ _ 17.命令，指挥v.c_ _ _ _ _ _ 18.明智的a.s_ _ _ _ _ _19.原则n.p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20.次等的，劣等的a.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _

五、Word Form(10 points,1 point each)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。1.She was taken to hospital because she was suffering from a(n)___(regular)heartbeat.2.In all ___(serious),if Mike does resign,a lot of others will start leaving too.3.The father has adopted a fairly___(tolerate)attitude toward his son’s behavior.4.Soon after that,labor markets became very tight and money wages rose___(rapid).5.It was___(honest)of him to suggest that he actually had a degree from Harvard—he was just there for one year.6.A good___(write)of fiction always manages to have sympathy for all his characters.7.Mike didn’t like to be singled out for special___(treat)at school because of his athletic talent.8.Doctors soon realized that this drug was also___(effect)in relieving the symptoms of diabetes.9.She found she was sweating profusely and her breathing had___(quick).10.The publishing business is no___(differ)from any other business in this respect.六、Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points each)将下列各译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。1.我觉得黑洞理论很难理解。.2.为了按时完成实验，这位科学家从未在午夜前就寝。3.那位年轻人的研究几乎没有成功的可能。4.就连警方也不清楚那场交通事故的原因。5.我倒是希望他明年再买这房子。

七、Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

1.In the old days，the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer． People left their offices at a predictable time，were often completely disconnected from their jobs as they traveled to and from work，and were offduty once they were home．That’s no longer true．In today’s highly competitive job market, employers demand increased productivity,expecting employees to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax，cell phones，email，or other communications devices．As a result，employees feel the need to check what’s going on at the office，even on days off．They feel pressured to work after office hours just to catch up on everything they have to do．They work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently,and they worry more about job security．

参考答案

第一题答案CBCDD AABBD 第二题答案ADCCB ADCDB 第三题答案ACCDA CBBBA ACBCD 第四题答案 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.答案：likewise 答案：diverse 答案：manual 答案：consumer 答案：trademark 答案：bias 答案：urban_ _ 答案：audience 答案：material 10.答案：dictionary 11.答案：deserve 12.答案：scientific 13.答案：defect 14.答案：prolong 15.答案：librarian 16.答案：tablet 17.答案：command 18.答案：sensible 19.答案：principle 20.答案：inferior 第五题答案 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.答案：irregular 答案：seriousness 答案：tolerant 答案：rapidly 答案：dishonest 答案：writer 答案：treatment 答案：effective 答案：quickened 10.答案：different 第六题答案 1.2.3.4.5.答案：I find/found it difficult to understand the black hole theory.答案：To complete the experiment on time,the scientist never went to bed before midnight.答案：There will be little possibility of success in the young man’s research./It is almost impossible for the young man to succeed in his research.答案：Even the police did not know what had caused the traffic accident 答案：I would rather he bought the house next year 第七题答案

6.2024年4月计算机网络原理试题及答案 篇六

(二)Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1 point for each item)

从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1．We feel it a pity that he didn’t live up to _____________had been expected of him.A．which

B．all what

C．what

D．that

2．As a painter, Ted was very ___________ about the colors he used.A．specific

B．special

C．peculiar

D．particular

3．A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _____________ he has the support from the party-faithful.A．in that

B．in which

C．for which

D．for that

4．The doctors are ___________ about the guidelines under which they can carry out euthanasia.A．at a stretch

B．at a loss

C．at random

D．at length

5．Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, ___________it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist.A．were

B．was

C．being

D．be

6．Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions;others ___________ under pressure.A．fall out

B．fall apart

C．fall back on

D．fall in with

7．I have no idea what’s standing ___________ accomplishing our goals and objectives.A．in the way of

B．on the way to

C．by way of

D．in one’s way of

8．He will not make a ___________ on LaSane’s side of the conversation.A．statement

B．reference

C．comment

D．note

9．Never before ___________ so rapidly developing as it is today.A．has our country been

B．our country has been

C．has been our country

D．our country hasn’t been

10．In some big cities in America, there are three or four elementary schools and secondary schools, ___________.A．with each within one’s walking or cycling distance

B．each within one’s walking or cycling distance

C．it is within one’s walking or cycling distance

D．with each that is within one’s walking or cycling distance

Ⅱ．Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item)

下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Eye contact is important, because too little or too much eye contact may cause communication problems.It is important in relationships because it helps to show closeness, attention and influence.with facial expressions, there are no specific rules

eye behavior

that it is considered rude to stare, especially

strangers.It is, , common for two strangers to walk toward each other，eye contact, smile and perhaps even say “Hi!”The strangers may immediately look

and forget that they even had any contact.This type of glance does not mean much;it is simply a way of acknowledging another person’s

.In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it

lack of interest, inattention and even mistrust.The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is shown directly in the expression, “Never trust a person who can’t look you

the eye.”

11．A．Like

B．As

C．Likely

D．Together

12．A．governing

B．govern

C．governed

D．being governed

13．A．besides

B．beside

C．except

D．except for

14．A．for

B．at

C．to

D．in

15．A．moreover

B．furthermore

C．but

D．however

16．A．make

B．to make

C．making

D．made

17．A．down

B．up

C．away

D．out

18．A．absent

B．present

C．absence

D．presence

19．A．conveys

B．conceals

C．conducts

D．consists

20．A．to

B．in

C．at

D．out of

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Young people often wonder at the large number of employers who do not respond to their applications for jobs.They say that despite enclosing return envelopes they hear nothing at all or , at best , an impersonal(无人情味的)note is sent declaring that the post for which they applied has been filled.Applicants often suspect that job vacancies are set aside for friends and relatives and that advertisements are only put to prevent this accusation(指责).Many of them are tired of writing away and feel that if only they could obtain an interview with the right person their application would meet with success.Not to acknowledge applicants’ letters is impolite and there seems little excuse for this, yet even sending brief replies to the many who apply takes much time and money.That so-called return envelope may not have been stamped by the sender, and an office manger under the heavy workload may be reluctant to send off long letters of explanation to disappointed job-hunters.A brief note is all that can be managed and even that depends on the policy of the firm.But the difficulty is reasonably easy to remove with a little goodwill.21．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that applicants have good reasons to believe that the posts they apply for_______________.A．are only for the purpose of advertisement

B．are reserved for friends and relatives

C．are not there at all

D．are not good enough to satisfy their needs

22．Many job-hunters think that they can get a job if_______________.A．they write more letters of application

B．they find the right person

C．they have more success

D．they can get an interview

23．The chief reason for a manager not to acknowledge applicants’ letters is that _________________.A．it takes a lot of time and money

B．it takes a lot of trouble

C．it requires a lot of efforts

D．it requires a lot of energy

24．The author thinks that a letter to an applicant should be_______________.A．a long one

B．a short one

C．a brief one with a little goodwill

D．one with full explanation

25．What is the major complaint of job-hunters?

A．They have no chance to see the manager.B．Their letters of application often get no response.C．Job advertisements are totally a lie.D．Writing application letters takes up too much of their time.Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Let’s look at another example of how people’s communication patterns differ: the way people converse.Some foreigners have observed that when Americans carry on a conversation, it seems as if they are having a Ping-Pong game.One person has the ball and then hits it to the other side of the table.The other player hits the ball back and the game continues.If one person doesn’t return the ball, then the conversation stops.Each part of the conversation follows this pattern: the greeting and the opening, the discussion of a topic, and the closing and farewell.If either person talks too much, the other may become impatient and feel that he is dominating the conversation.Similarly, if one person doesn’t say enough or ask enough questions to keep the conversation going, the conversation stops.Many North Americans, are impatient with culturally different conversation styles simply because the styles are unfamiliar.For example, to many North Americans it seems that some Latin Americans dominate conversations, or hold the ball too long.Speaking of her co-workers from several Latin American countries, one North American woman said, “I just find it difficult to cut in.They seem to take such a long time to express themselves.They give you a lot of unnecessary details.”When she talked with them, she became tense, because she found it so hard to participate.Yet she also noted that when they talked to each other, nobody seemed uncomfortable or left out.The North American woman didn’t know how to interrupt the Latin American conversations because North American ways of listening and breaking in are very different.She had been taught to listen politely until the other person finished talking.(Once again, there are gender(性别)differences;it has been observed that men tend to interrupt women more than women interrupt men.)When the North American woman did what was “natural” or “normal”for her(i.e., listen politely without interrupting), she was not comfortable in the conversation with the Latin Americans.The result was that she became more passive in her conversations with her co-workers.The differences between the unspoken rules of conversation of each cultural group interfered with their on-the-job relationship.26．When North Americans converse together, each one of the group is supposed to_______________.A．participate in the talk

B．play Ping-Pong games

C．interrupt the speaker

D．dominate the conversation

27．When North Americans converse with the Latin Americans, the North Americans would feel_______________.A．involved

B．left out

C．comfortable

D．relaxed

28．To the North Americans, the Latin Americans are_______________.A．polite

B．communicative

C．dominant

D．familiar

29．We can infer from this passage that_______________.A．people from different cultures cannot communicate with each other

B．different conversational styles may affect people’s relationships

C．men are more talkative than women

D．North Americans’ conversational habits are better than those of Latin Americans’

30．The best title for this passage is_______________.A．Different Conversation Styles

B．Different Conversation Topics

C．Different Conversation Processes

D．Different Conversation Effects Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a college degree, if possible.With a B.A., you’ll have a good start.But now you have to slow down.If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university.Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns(报酬递减率)begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long distant truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24, 000, while the full professors managed to earn just $ 23, 030.A Ph.D.(博士)is the highest degree you can get.Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future.There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or under-employed in this country than in any other part of the world.If you become a Ph.D.in English or history or political science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands.Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month.They may also take a job in some high school or second-rate college that pays much less than what the doorkeeper earns.You can equate(同等看待)the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.31．Your parents advise you to “get an education” partly because they want you_______________.A．to gain more knowledge

B．to earn more money

C．to get a degree

D．to free yourself from embarrassment

32．From the second paragraph, we can infer that both B.A.and M.B.A.are_______________.A．professions

B．jobs

C．college degrees

D．academic disciplines

33．According to the author, _______________.A．a high degree helps you greatly in finding a satisfactory job

B．a high degree does not necessarily help you to find a satisfactory job

C．the higher degree you get, the more money you can make

D．the higher degree you get, the dimmer future you will face

34．The author would advise you to specialize in the fields of _______________ for a doctor’s degree.A．physics or chemistry

B．English or history

C．political science

D．philosophy

35．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Well-educated professionals sometimes earn less than truck drivers.B．It’s easier for those who specialize in the fields of physics and chemistry to find a job.C．Some Ph.D.graduates work as shop assistants, car drivers, waiters or waitresses, because they cannot find a suitable job.D．Your Ph.D.degree will make your country embarrassed.Ⅳ．Word Spelling(10 points, I point for two items)

将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36．幸存

n.s__ __ __ __ __ __ __

37．遥远的，偏僻的a.r__ __ __ __ __

38．学龄前的a.p__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

39．优点；功绩

n.m__ __ __ __

40．简化

v.s__ __ __ __ __ __ __

41．宇宙的；普遍的a.u__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

42．趋势，倾向

n.t __ __ __ __ __ __ __

43．学术的a.a__ __ __ __ __ __ __

44．容量；能力

n.c__ __ __ __ __ __ __

45．固定住；附加

v.a__ __ __ __ __

46．圆盘；磁盘

n.d__ __ __

47．从事于，参与

v.e__ __ __ __ __

48．现今，现在ad.n__ __ __ __ __ __ __

49．基金；储备

n.f__ __ __

50．保证，担保

v.g__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

51．起初的；独创的a.o__ __ __ __ __ __ __

52．预测，预报

v.f__ __ __ __ __ __ __

53．平静的；和平的a.p__ __ __ __ __ __ __

54．技术员

n.t__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

55．十一月

n.N__ __ __ __ __ __ __

Ⅴ．Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each item)

将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56．His wife would rather they _____________(not, talk)about the matter any more.57．The earth is one of the nine planets which _____________(revolve)round the sun.58．The presidential candidates in the U.S._____________(concern)with winning the states which have the largest population.59．Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its _____________(compete)advantage over other countries.60．The robots used in nuclear plants to handle the radioactive materials prevent human personnel from ___________(expose)to radiation.61．He has decided to have a look at the house and see if it might be worth _____________(buy).62．It is self-esteem that makes it possible _____________(cope)with the everyday problems of growing up.63．Experts found in an experiment that improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability ___________(result)from daydreaming.64．The nearer a society _____________(approximate)to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be.65．A number of difficulties _____________(arise)since we began to work on the new design.Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English(1 5 points，3 points for each item)

将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66．他解决的问题越多，就越好奇。

67．人们更愿意谈论足球或天气，而不是人寿险。

68．总的来说，休闲是生活的重要组成部分。

69．他们认为还应该考虑到生命的质量。

70．未来机器人，由于装有触觉装置，可承担许多工作。

Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)

将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

Large modern cities are too big to control.They impose their own living conditions on people.City inhabitants are forced by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life.They lose touch with nature.It is possible to live such an air-conditioned life in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons.A few flowers in a public park(if you have the time to visit it)may remind you that it is spring or summer.A few leaves falling down from trees may remind you that it is autumn.Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant.All the simple, good things of life—like sunshine and fresh air—are rare and precious.Tall buildings block the sun.Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere.Even the distinction between day and night is lost.The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops.参考答案

Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(l0 points, 1 point for each item)

1．C

2．D

3．B

4．B

5．D

6．B

7．A

8．C

9．A

10．B

Ⅱ．Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item)

11．B

12．A

13．C

14．B

15．D

16．A

17．C

18．D

19．A

20．B

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)

21．B

22．D

23．A

24．C

25．B

26．A

27．B

28．C

29．B

30．A

31．B

32．C

33．B

34．A

35．D

Ⅳ．Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items)

36．survival

37．remote

38．preschool

39．merit

40．simplify

41．universal

42．tendency

43．academic

44．capacity

45．attach

46．disk/disc

47．engage

48．nowadays

49．fund

50．guarantee

51．original

52．forecast

53．peaceful

54．technician

55．November

Ⅴ．Word Form(10 points for each item)

56．didn’t talk

57．revolves

58．are concerned

59．competitive

60．being exposed

61．buying

62．to cope

63．resulted

64．approximates

65．have arisen

Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)

66．The more problems he solved/resolves, the more curious he was/is.67．People would rather talk about football or weather to life insurance.68．Generally speaking, leisure is an important part of /in life.69．They feel that they should also take the quality of life into account.70．The future robots, assembled with a sense of touch, will have plenty of work to do.Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)