关于选择的英文演讲稿

关于选择的英文演讲稿（9篇）

1.关于选择的英文演讲稿 篇一

istinguished judges, teachers, dear friends:

Hello, everyone! My name is cheng xiang yan , I am a junior student come from life science institution .Today, I am very glad to stand here and share with you my most sincere speech‘Flying youth, master our future!’

Life is a process of growing up. Saying goodbye to childhood, we step into another important time of life in the pace of young, facing new situations, dealing with different problems.....

However, who can really say what the youth is ? A period of time? A belief?An attitude to life? Or anything else? actually, everyone has his ownunderstanding of young, it is a period of time of beauty and wonders, only after you have experienced the sour , sweet ,bitter and salty, can you really become a person of significance.

Just like A famous poet said ‘ youth is a lovely song ,where nothing is impossible ,youth is a meaningful book, you’ll be never bored of it ;youth is a rapid river ,it keeps on flowing day and night ;youth is a cup of tea ,it shows you different kinds of tastes in your life.

As youth is so precious, of course, we must treasure it .Don’t let the limited time pass by, grasping the young will means a better time is waiting for you in the near future.

So,It’s necessary for us to prepare ourselves well for the future to come. having a view on those great men in the history of hunman being, they all made full use of their youth time to do things that are useful to society, to the whole mankind, and as a consequence ,they are remembered by later generations, admired by everyone. so do something in the time of young, although you may not get achievements as these greatmen did ,though not for the whole world, just for youeself, for those around! So, what should we do when we are young? Here,I’ll point out some tips to help equip ourselves.

First of all,think of what you’d like to be some day. A teacher ? A doctor ? A writer? Don’t afraid of dreaming of big and great .Since you are young , you can dream of doing anything and becoming anyone in the future. What’s more , never ignore the power of knowledge. Read more books and travel around. For one thing, it can increase your knowledge, for another, it’ll broaden your horizon.

Last but not the least , stick to your dream. It easier said than done. After all, future is not all roses. young is just like blooming flowers, they are so beautiful when blooming, which make people feel happy, but with time passing by, after they withers ,most people think they are ugly. and so it is the same with young, we are enthusiastic when we are young, then we may lose our passion when getting older and older. So we should have enough courage and determination to overcome all the difficulties in struggling on the road.

I firmly believe one sentence that‘If you think you can, of course you can!’Just believe we can make it! Keep on walking towards our dream. Flying youth , master our future. From today, from now on , are you Ready ? That’s all. Thank you so much for your attention !

关于青春的英文演讲稿范文

2.关于选择的英文演讲稿 篇二

Traditional methods have used numerical tech-niques for defining a suitable mathematical model.The values in these techniques are treated as crisp for explaining real world events.However,it has been discussed that much of human reasoning is based on imprecise,vague and subjective values.The environments in which people make decisions are most often complex and defining a valid mathematical model is usually very difficult[1].Zadeh’s (1965) fuzzy logic has given analysts a tool to represent the human behavior more precisely,especially where relatively few data exist,and where the expert knowledge about the system is vague and linguistic[2].Since then,a large number of literatures have been committed on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic as well as much development on a complete fuzzy algebra.Therefore,in recent years,fuzzy logic has become one of the most effective methods that deal with uncertainty rooted from complexity and imprecision.

1 Fuzzy apperception

It would not be surprising that if we ask themabout their perceived travel times along a particular route,they would probably find it easier to use verbal definitions than exact numbers.For instance,a driver may state that“it was around 15 minutes”,while another may“it was 10 minutes”.Although,a driver may say that it was“14 minutes”,he/she can still not tell with certainty about how much time it was exactly.They all use approximate values to reflect their subjective appraisals.These assertions are due to the fact that the operational representation of exact real numbers is ambiguous (erroneous representation of real numbers argument)[3].Further,for the same example,if they were asked to describe how they categorize travel times that they perceive,a driver may describe it as“high”,while another who verbally expresses his/her perceived travel time as the same as someone else may think it as“moderate”.‘These assertions are,on the other hand,due to the fact that the representation of descriptive sets is mostly (vague appraisal argument)[4].Because of the ability of humans,even vague assertions or claims are present,it can reason in appropriate ways.Additionally,humans posses common sense that give them the ability to reason,and as a consequence they make use of imprecise or vague assertions in a proper manner to solve complex problems in a reasonable time.Therefore,these subjective estimations are not actually the execution of a random variable that assented travel time in a traditional method,but actually his/her subjective assessments of the travel time due to imprecision embedded in his/her judgment.In traditional methods,these descriptive sets are described using sharp boundaries,while in fuzzy logic,gradual transitions are allowed.As a result,using crisp sets to describe the human perceptions may be misleading and limited for appropriate real life modeling.

2 Route choice model

2.1 Fuzzy categorization

A decision maker compares several actions withrespect to some key attributes whose values are defined subjectively on a quantitative or qualitative plane.Subjectivity refers to cognitive mapping process that is not exact replicas of reality but merely models of the reality[5].Therefore,the aim of the first model is to define a way that reflects decision makers’subjective view of the system over which they appraise the alternatives.To this end,Weber’s psycho-physical law of1834,which states that the just noticeable difference,in stimulus intensity must be proportional to the actual stimulus intensity itself,is utilized.Psycho-physics typically refers to behavioral and cognitive study of brain/mind functions.Weber’s law introduces a qualitative psycho-physical sensor scale and states that qualitative measures of perception and stimuli are connected to each other proportionally,in other words;change in sensation is noticed when the stimulus is increased by a constant percentage of the stimulus itself[6].If the alternatives are compared over a range of Smin～Smax,which is the universe of discourse for a particular criterion,then the initial noticeable difference is mathematically expressed as follows.

Where As0 is the initial step or first notice,(1+ε) is the progression factor and n is an integer number showing the number of subintervals being considered.Since the law states that 4s in intensity is proportional to the actual stimulus intensity itself,the relation between intensities over a specific range constitutes a sequence with geometric progression from the most desired value,target value,Smax,in this case,to the least desired value,Smin,in this case.This relation is expressed as:

The solution space corresponds to the definitions of attractiveness from the comparisons.A categorization scheme is prepared similar to the one prepared for the input space to reflect the decision maker’s subjective weight assignments that represents his/her preference values or ratio judgments for the alternatives in pairwise matrices.Likewise the case for the input domain,as seen in figure 3.1,the output domain is labeled as Absolute Importance (AI),Demonstrated Importance(DI),Strong Importance (SI),Weak Importance(WI) and Equal Importance (EI) Saaty’s.It should be emphasized that these are not actual responses,but serve as a conceptual basis for pairwise comparisons.

This labeling scheme represents the response tothe increase in stimulus.Therefore,there exist an equal number of fuzzy categorizations that corresponds to decrease in stimulus to represent the reciprocal of the above preferences.Although,these reciprocal sets can be named in a more meaningful way,in this research they are labeled as Reciprocal of Absolute Importance’(RAI),'Reciprocal of Demonstrated Importance(RDI),'Reciprocal of Strong Importance (RSI),and'Reciprocal of Weak Importance’(RWI).The purpose of showing alphabetical terms,a,b,c,d,e in figure 3rather than Saaty’s original scale (1/9-9) as the output domain is due to the defuzzification method used.

2.2 Fuzzy rules

In this step,we prepared a set of‘if-then’rules to reflect the cognitive comparisons made between each alternative.Table 2 indicates the rules prepared for this method.The rules in the table are given in the form of“IF x is Ai and y is Bi THEN z is Ci‘,where x;y,and z are linguistic definitions of input and output variables,respectively,whereas Ai,Bi and Ci are the fuzzy sets defined for the x;y,and z in the universe of discourse X;Y,and Z,respectively.The table can be read from left to right and from top to bottom.For instance,if alternative A is compared over alternative B,then the first row of the table corresponds to this,which is read as“if alternative A is MMD and alternative B is MMD,then preference of A over B is EI”.The pre x“R”in some elements of the column e only refers to the reciprocally condition in the scale,i.e.“if alternative A is MD and alternative B is MMD,then preference of A over B is RWI”.The output of the rule system corresponds to aij’s in the pairwise matrix of the AHP and therefore should be regarded as the estimate for the weight of the alternative i;wi,to alternative j;wj.Utilizing‘Min’operator for‘and’ensures the model to be consistent with the reciprocal axiom.

We used the center of area (COA) defuzzificationmethod for our model.If Saaty’s ratio scale (1/9-9)is directly used as the solution variable for the rule base,the outcome will be counterintuitive;the values on diagonals of matrices will not be equal to one.This is due to the additive nature of COA method,where the reciprocal property cannot be re ected properly when the solution variables act as multiplicative.We used a linear 1-9 scale that serve as a conceptual solution variable to overcome this problem as seen in the column f of table 2.The values in the column g indicate their corresponding values in the Saaty’s scale.Once the defuzzified results,aij’s,are obtained,their equalities in Saaty’s scale,aij’s,can be found from the following transformation functions that comply with the axioms:

2.3 Finding criteria weights

Once the elements of pairwise matrices areobtained by means of fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning,the resulting priorities can be captured by applying the eigenvalue method of the AHP.A pairwise matrix for an expert i with respect to criterion k can be indicated as:

Each pairwise matrix in the form of m×m,whose elements are aij’s,is a square positive reciprocal matrix:

Therefore,the ratios either under or above theprincipal diagonal of the matrix are enough to complete the matrix by taking the reciprocals of the givenelements.Each aij could be regarded as an estimate ofthe weight of the alternative i;wi,to alternative j;wj:

Then

In such a matrix,only one column is enough tocomplete all the ratios and the number of alternatives,m,represents the largest principal right eigenvalue,λ1of the matrix while the other eigenvalues of the matrix are all equal to zero.Naturally,the experts may have some inconsistencies in judgment and in general use of the.AHP,this can be allowed to a tolerable level.In this case,the principal right eigenvalue is greater than m.Thus,eq.(6) can be rewritten as:

3 Example

One of the subjects defines his/her perceptions oftravel times on three routes,A;B and C in his/her choice set as triangular fuzzy numbers,then the universe of discourse can be categorized as shown in fig.4.

Table 3 shows the truth values obtained from thepredicates of fuzzy rules showing the match between each fuzzy travel time and the fuzzy-categorized universe of discourse.After applying‘max-product,inference,the rules’conclusions for each pairwise comparison can be found and corresponding defuzziffied results can be obtained as shown in Table 4 where the equivalent values for Saaty’s scale is obtained from eqs.(13) and (14).Hence,the resultant pairwise matrix becomes

Consequently,the right eigenvector of its largesteigenvalue can be found as[0.77,0.59,0.23].Once it is normalized,the preference values can be captured as[0.48,0.37,0.14].Therefore,of the preferences that the subject allocates among the alternatives route A accounts for48%,while route B and route C account for 37%and 14%,respectively.

4 Conclusions

In this paper,we proposed a method that can beused to handle fuzzy perceptions rationally in route choice decision-making behavior.We followed a psychometric approach based on Weber’s psychophysical law of 1 834 to represent typical aspects of the human decision-making process for route choice in transportation systems.Saaty’s AHP was utilized as a plausible method to deduct a complex multi-alternative comparison case to a simple binary comparison case,as well as a satisfactory technique for human cognitive evaluation process.First,decision makers’input spaces were subdivided into subjectively equal spaces using Weber’s psycho-physical law of 1834 with a progression factor of two.Then,a set of“if-then”rule base was prepared to reflect human cognitive computation for capturing the pairwise preferences among the alternatives.Regardless of the number of alternatives in hand,due to the nature of the‘ifthen’rules,they were always compared as binary.Finally,we employed the AHP pairwise matrices and eigenvalue method to find each individual’s preference values allocated among the alternatives in their choice set.To justify this new method,a real world sample that is based on stated values was used where subjects provided their perceptions as triangular fuzzy numbers for three factors,travel time,congestion and safety.By use of the least sum of the squared error method,we evaluated the model’s estimation capability by comparing calculated preferences with stated preference values for the alternatives.Although,the analysis is carried out for only triangular fuzzy numbers,this method can easily be extended to any type of fuzzy numbers.We found that this new procedure can replicate the drivers’behavior on route choice as intuitively significant.Therefore,it deserves special attention.When all the factors are combined into a cost function that can be defined as a fuzzy number,this method can also be used on a large scale to estimate traffic assignment.

参考文献

[1] Teodorovic D,Kikuchi S.Fuzzy sets in traffic and transportation systems.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,2000;116(1):1-5

[2] Lotan T,Koutsopoulos H N.Models route choice behavior in the presence of information using concepts from fuzzy set theory and approximate reasoning.Transportation,1993;20:129-155

[3] Hoogendoorn S.Hoogendoon-lanser S.Perspectives of fuzzy logic in traffic engineering.Transportation Research Board 78th Annual Meeting,1999

[4] Ridwan M.Fuzzy preference based traffic assignment problem. Transportation Research Part C,2004;12:209-233

[5] Miller G.The Magical number seven plus or minus two:some limits on our capacity for processing information.Psychological Review, 1956;63:81-97

3.关于选择的英文演讲稿 篇三

【关键词】英文绘本 小学英语 阅读教学

前言

英文绘本是提升小学英语教学质量的重要资源，科学的进行英文绘本的选择不仅能够提升小学英语教学质量，也能够很大程度上提升英文绘本的使用价值，因此，很多小学英语教学人员都加强了对英文绘本选择工作的重视。

一、英文绘本的特点

1.英文绘本的直观性特点。英文绘本在信息呈现方式方面具备较强的直观性，使得小学生能够在英文绘本阅读的过程中，更加及时的了解英文绘本的信息，并将通过绘本处理的信息进行深刻的记忆。另外，英文绘本在直观性特点还能很多程度上提升学生的阅读兴趣。小学生的英文词汇量较低，如果能够使用英文绘本对词汇进行补充，则能够很大程度上提升小学生的学习质量。

2.英文绘本的故事性特点。英文绘本在阅读的过程中，不仅能够对大量应为基础知识进行呈现，也能很大程度上对英文绘本的故事进行展现，使英文绘本能够从始至终的对完整的故事情节进行展示，增强学生对英文绘本故事情节的关注程度。另外，英文绘本所具备的故事性特点还能使英文绘本的内容具备较强的情节性，学生可以在完成英文绘本阅读之后，通过故事情节加强对英文绘本信息的记忆，并在后续的生活和自学过程中，加深对记忆中英文绘本的理解，使英文绘本能够在更长的时间内对小学生发挥积极影响。

二、英文绘本的具体选择方法

1.根据小学生实际生活状况进行英文绘本选择。小学生的生活阅历较少，如果选择的英文绘本艰深难懂，将会很大程度上造成小学生的学习理解困难。另外，英文绘本在进行具体选择的过程中，需要结合儿童的实际阅读习惯进行方法的设置。要尽可能选取小学生感兴趣的童话故事作为宣讲的主体。另外，要按照小学生具有较强求知欲望和好奇心理，对英文绘本进行科学的选择，尤其要加强对英文绘本创新因素的关注，以便小学生可以在阅读英文绘本的过程中具备较强的兴趣浓度，并在好奇心的驱使下加强对英文绘本学习的关注。

2.按照学生语言能力进行英文绘本选择。科学的控制英文绘本的难度，是保证小学生英文阅读兴趣，避免小学生出现英文阅读困难的重要方法，因此，要对英文绘本的生词数量进行科学的控制，要保证英文绘本当中的生词数量的3%左右，并集合小学生教材的情况进行生词比例的科学控制，避免过多的生词使小学生产生厌学情绪。另外，要按照小学生的思维习惯，对英文绘本的故事结构进行设计，使小学生能够加强对故事情节的关注，并且通过故事情节的阅读提升对英文绘本的兴趣，使学生能够更好的进行英文词语的阅读，并具备对文化绘本情感的重视。如果英文绘本当中存在较强的文化意识，教师需要对英文绘本进行区分处理，使学生能够更好的对英文绘本中的知识进行理解。教师要按照小学生年级的不同对英文词语的含量进行控制。要在进行低年级教学的过程中，将童趣意义纳入英文绘本的教学当中，并对较为简单的词汇进行融入，保证低年级学生的顺利学习。要在进行小学高年级教学的过程中，将较长的语句纳入教学范围，使学生能够了解英文绘本当中较难的信息，提升英文基础知识的掌握质量。

3.选取语言重现性高的英文绘本。语言重现性的保证小学生英语学习简单化的重要因素，因此，在进行英文绘本选择的过程中，要将语言重现性作为一项重要内容，另外，要加强对英文绘本句式结构的关注，使小学生能够在多次重复接触英文语句的过程中，对英文词汇进行更深层次的记忆。另外，在选择英文阅读模式的过程中，要尽可能多的进行英文韵律的选择，使小学生能够在韵律的带动下更高质量的进行英文语篇的阅读。要在学生进行英文语篇阅读的过程中，对重复性较强的英语词汇进行替换，使学生可以在词汇替换的过程中对英文句式具备高水平的了解，并通过相关词汇的了解加深对英文句式的掌握程度，使学生可以加强对英文语篇的记忆，并通过韵律的设计，提升对语篇的兴趣程度。

4.提升英文绘本语用环境。首先，在进行英文绘本设置的过程中，要对英文绘本的语境特点进行研究分析，以便学生能够加强对英文绘本信息的了解，提升绘本故事的应用质量。另外，教师要在选择英文绘本的过程中，加强对学生情绪的关注，要使学生能够通过绘本的信息更好的进行主观意识的表达，并将学习英文绘本过程中的信息进行充分的交流，使现有的英文绘本能够更好的进行语言思维的培养。另外，教师要对小学生英文绘本学习之后语言应用能力的变化进行关注，使学生可以更好的将语言运用能力的提高情况同教师进行汇报，提升教师对学生语用能力的掌握质量。

结论：深入的分析英文绘本的重要意义，并就英文绘本在小学英语阅读教学中的使用方式进行研究，能够很大程度上增强小学英语的教学质量，并将英文绘本的价值进行更大范围的实现。

参考文献：

[1]沈来萍.如何运用研学后教模式进行小学英语绘本阅读教学——以绘本A Friendly Field Trip为例[J].新课程（小学），2014，06：56+58.

[2]谢雁.让绘本开启“悦读”之门——英文绘本在小学英语教学中的运用[J].湖北教育（教育教学），2015，05：48-49.

4.关于减肥运动的英文演讲稿 篇四

Hello guys, nice to here to share my short-term goal with you.You know that almost every boy is in want of a robust body with sturdy muscles, of course I am one of them.In order for this, I will do 7500 push-ups in the next 3 months.For me, as a boy, doing push-ups is an effective method to build muscle, which not only contributes to my blood circulation, but also conduces to the refreshment of my mind.Especially at present, in winter, indoors sports are increasingly accepted by people.So it is wise to take this method into consideration to build muscle and refresh my brain.Now you see how relevant it is to me, and I will show you how measurable it is.I will do 50 push-ups every night, including weekends.To tell the truth, I am not the kind of guy who is of perseverance.But I will try my best to carry out my plan.If I forget it someday, I will catch up the next day.In this way, 150 days later, 7500 push-ups will be finished.That is to say, I will accomplish my plan in 3 months.According to this, my goal is an achievable one, right?

5.三分钟关于幸福的英文演讲稿 篇五

As we all know, happiness is something that every person is chasing. I always try my best to find out what is the true meaning of happiness. And I think I got it last week.

It was an ordinary Saturday morning. I felt a little tired because of the preparation for the mid-term exams. It was not long before my mother came in with a large bunch of white roses picked from the seller’s gardon. During the next few minutes, we were both busy putting them into a big cley case. Looking at the flowers, I found the dark sitting room became bright, so did my mood, just like a person gets some fresh air when he feels dizzy. All the feeling of boredom flew away.

Then I remember a poem named “Life could be worse”, which said:” For the weariness and aching muscles at the end of the day, because it means I have been capable of working hard. For my alarm that goes of in the early hours, because it means I am alive. And finally, for too much e-mail, because it means I have friends who are thinking of me. “I learnt that happiness is not the diamond in a necklace, nor a dream far away, it’s just your attitude towards life.

If you realize it, a simple cup of cola with ice can bring you a cool summer, for happiness is so ordinary that it’s right in the palm of your hand.

6.关于吸烟有害健康的英文演讲 篇六

Smoking-Murderer 09商务英语2班

靳丽娜

093304208 Do you want to live in a family full of smoke ? Are you bothered of your partner or collegue who is smoking ? Do you hate the odd smell that makes you caugh ? Of course ,we all don’t like that.Beause it’s bad for smoker’s health but also for the passive smoker’s.Smoking is the murderer.It contributes to cancers.According to the WHO(World Health Organization),every eight seconds ,smoking killed one person.Almost 5 million people die every year.Futhermore, more than 500 million people suffer from passive smoking.Predicted that the numbers in the next 20 years will be doubled.So for other’s health, don’t smoke in public places.If you are addicted ,just seek a smoking place.And for yourself,the fundmental solution is giving up smoking.Besides,smoking is the cause of fire.At the end of last century, a driver threw out a butt onto the ground when the car passed by a mountain channel from Italy to France.Then a tragedy happended :The butt burned.It killed 39 people and caused the loss of more than 1 billion dollars.Therefore, don’t drop the burning cigaratee onto ground casually.Make sure it is put out.In conclusion, for your family,your friends,your collegues and the public ,please smoke “secretly” and put out the butt.For yourself , then give up smoking.

7.英文演讲的语体特征 篇七

关键词:演讲,语体,特征

一.引言

我们对“文体”的理解有广狭二义,狭义的文体是指文学文体,广义的文体是指一种语言的各类文体。(秦秀白,1987)现代文体学不限于对作家及其作品的分析批评,而是运用现代语言学理论研究包括文学文戏在内的各类文体,如公文文体,广告文体,新闻文体,口语体,书面体等。英文演讲也是非文学文体的一种,本文就正式场合的英文演讲的语体特征进行分析。

演讲稿也叫演说辞,它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场所发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿是进行演讲的依据,是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示,它体现着演讲的目的和手段,演讲的内容和形式。演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体。它可以用来交流思想、感情,表达主张、见解;也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验……等等;演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用,它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者,使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。演讲和表演、作文有很大的区别。首先,演讲是演讲者(具有一定社会角色的现实的人,而不是演员)就人们普遍关注的某种有意义的事物或问题,通过口头语言面对一定场合(不是舞台)的听众(不是观看艺术表演的观众),直接发表意见的一种社会活动(不是艺术表演),其次,作文是作者通过文章向读者单方面的输出信息,演讲则是演讲者在现场与听众双向交流信息。严格地讲,演讲是演讲者与听众、听众与听众的三角信息交流,演讲者不能以传达自己的思想和情感、情绪为满足,他必须能控制住自己与听众、听众与听众情绪的应和与交流。最后,由于演讲人的背景(职业、性别、文化程度)不同,演讲的具体目的不同,演讲的具体对象不同,演讲人所使用的语音形式也不可能完全相同。(王佐良、丁往道,1987)

一篇好的演讲稿,通常要有很精彩的演讲词,以及很好的文体特征和篇章结构,同时还得考虑所演讲的对象。真正写好一篇演讲稿,拟稿人首先得了解演讲词的文体特征以及演讲词的篇章结构。本文旨在分析在正式英文演讲的特征, 故选了马丁﹒路德﹒金的著名演讲I Have a Dream(我有一个梦想)(以下称为第一篇)以及克林顿1993年就职演讲(以下称为第二篇),对英文演讲的语体特征作分析。

二.英文演讲的语体特征

1.1 语音特征

语音是贯穿全部说话活动、人们进行交流思想,沟通情感和创作文艺等活动,一切都离不开语言的声音。语音是语言的基础,也是研究文体的要素。英文演讲的受众主要以听来接受信息,声音的感染力很重要。演讲者在重音、语调、节奏等这几方面来增强演讲效果。虽然演讲是以口头表达的形式表现,但与日常对话型的口语却不大一样。在演讲中,发音都十分清楚,极少用吞音、压缩音或者缩略词。如第二篇演讲中不用“we haven’t done so”而用上“ we have not done so”,这样显得该演讲更加的正式和严肃。

演讲稿应力求语言层次清晰,逻辑性强,句子精悍有力,文字朗朗上口,语言节奏感强。我们在读克林顿的这篇演讲稿的时候,就发现读起来很上口。是因为演讲者善于利用英语的规律,把非重音和重音的内容安排在一个句群或者段落里,使得重读音节的间隔大致相等。这样的节奏感使得演讲听上去抑扬顿挫,更加富有感染力。

节奏,是指演讲内容在结构安排上表现出的张弛起伏。 演讲稿结构的节奏,主要是通过演讲内容的变换来实现的。演讲内容的变换,是在一个主题思想所统领的内容中,适当地插入幽默、诗文、轶事等内容,以便听众的注意力既保持高度集中而又不因为高度集中而产生兴奋性抑制。优秀的演说家几乎没有一个不擅长于使用这种方法。演讲稿结构的节奏既要鲜明,又要适度。平铺直叙,呆板沉滞,固然会使听众紧张疲劳,而内容变换过于频繁,也会造成听众注意力涣散。所以,插入的内容应该为实现演讲意图服务,而节奏的频率也应该根据听众的心理特征来确定。

停顿的运用也是为了更好的传达信息,它不但能引起听众的注意,还能给听众足够的时间来理解讲话人的意图。比如在第二篇演讲中,克林顿就在第二段的地方做了停顿,给前任总统老布什致意,伴随的是听众们的热烈掌声。

1.2 词汇特征

不同的文体常要求使用不同的词语,英文演讲也一样需要具有其特色的词汇来表现这一文体特征。

英文演讲文体中的用词明显比日常谈话复杂,难词、抽象词相对来说比较多。在第一篇演讲中共有100个六个字母以上的词,占众数的27.1%,双词素或者多词素的词的数量也明显增加,第一篇演讲中共有35个,占9.5%。在演讲文体中,难词的使用频率也是比较高的,如在第二篇演讲中出现的steadfastness,instantaneously,devastates,revitalize,intrigue,animosities等这些词很少在其他的文体中出现,这些词的使用一方面增加了理解的难度,也使得语言更为正式、庄重,增加了演讲的说服力。

其次,用第一人称代词也是英文演讲的词汇特征之一。在演讲中,使用最多的代词是第一人称代词,即I(me)和we (our), 其次是第二人称you, 第三人称则用得最少。这是因为演讲常常要提出自己的观点和看法,用I 是十分正常的。而we的使用又能拉近演讲者和听众之间的距离,让听众也融入演讲者的演讲中去。

据考察发现,在克林顿的就职演讲中,总共出现了154次人称代词,其分布如下表:

从该表格的数据分析来看,人称代词的31.8%用的是第一人称复数主格(we),而第二人称复数主格(you)只占了3.2%,第三人称的单数主格则没有出现(0%)。由于克林顿的演讲是“就职演讲”,所以在他的演讲中就把自己和美国人们联系在一起,we这个词可以包括说话人和受话人,强调克林顿作为总统会和美国人们一起努力的构建美国美好的未来。

1.3 句子特征

演讲的本质在于“讲”,而不在于“演”,它以“讲”为主、以“演”为辅。由于演讲要诉诸口头,拟稿时必须以易说能讲为前提。如果说有些文章和作品主要通过阅读欣赏,领略其中意义和情味,那么,演讲稿的要求则是“上口入耳”。一篇好的演讲稿对演讲者来说要可讲;对听讲者来说应好听。

从两篇例文来看,演讲文体的句子长度都比较长。句子长度的充分扩展是扩大句子信息量和提高句子表达各种逻辑关系能力的前提和基础。(侯维瑞,1988)在第一篇演讲中,共有1550个词,平均句长是22.5个词,其中最长的句子有57个词;第二篇演讲共1600个词,平均句长是23个词,其中最长的句子有85个词。这两篇演讲的平均句长都超过了整个英语的平局含词量(17.6词/句)。句子长度的增大了理解难度,但也产生了高雅、庄重的文体效果。随着句子长度的增加,句子结构也更加复杂。以第二篇演讲的第一段为例,共五句话,简单句只有一句,复合句有四句。有并列句,也有状语从句、定语从句构成了开场的第一段。另外,句子中大量使用动词词组和名词词组。

从句子类型上看,公众英文演讲中没有日常对话的不完整句,也没有广告或者解说文体中的小句;所有句子都是规范和完整的句子。这也是因为演讲都是事先写好演讲稿,所以也就不会有说到一半就断的现象。公众演讲的另外一个特点就是陈述句占绝大多数。它的目的是使语调平衡,给人以庄重感、严肃感。此外祈使句的使用也是演讲文体的特色之一。例如在第一篇演讲中就有这样的句子“Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. ”祈使句的作用是向听众进行直接的呼吁,激起大家的热情,祈使句有很大的煽动作用。

1.4 修辞特征

英文演讲文体中,修辞手段的运用是多种多样的,用感情色彩浓烈的语词来点题,以期引起听众的内心的共鸣。这种共鸣的实现,也是符合演讲的第一人称语言角度的特性的。

句法方面主要是排比、对偶和重复修辞格。比如马丁•路德•金的的演说,为了点明题旨以增强感染力,就反复“描述”了“我梦想有一天”的情景,每一个情景就是一个镜头,连续组成主观与客观相融为一体的连续不断的“画面群”,既强烈地渲染主题,实际上也是一种颇为艺术的点题方法。又比如在克林顿的演讲中的一段话“we rededicate ourselves to the very idea of America, an idea born in revolution, and renewed through two centuries of challenge, an idea tempered by the knowledge that but for fate, we, the fortunate and the unfortunate, might have been each other; an idea ennobled by the faith that our nation can summon from its myriad diversity, the deepest measure of unity; an idea infused with the conviction that America's journey long, heroic journey must go forever upward. ”这当中对idea的四个解释就构成了一种排比,让听众更加深刻的理解克林顿对这个词所赋予的深刻意义。

在语义方面最主要的修辞手段是比喻。比喻有明喻,也有暗喻。在克林顿的演讲一开始就巧妙的用了这样具有暗喻成分的句子来开场“This ceremony is held in the depth of winter, but by the words we speak and the faces we show the world, we force the spring.”这里的spring(春天)就暗示着美好的明天,和演讲的时间winter(冬天)形成了对比。比喻的使用使得语言更加生动形象,易于理解,也让听众有会心一笑的感觉。好的演讲自有一种激发听众情绪、赢得好感的鼓动性。要做到这一点,要依靠演讲稿思想内容的丰富、深刻,见解精辟,有独到之处,发人深思,而比喻能够把一些看起来平淡的事物与人们的期望联系起来,这样演讲就更加富有感染力。

1.5 语篇特征

1.5.1层次

层次是演讲稿思想内容的表现次序,它体现着演讲者思路展开的步骤,也反映了演讲者对客观事物的认识过程。由于演讲是直接面对听众的活动,所以演讲稿的结构层次是听众无法凭借视觉加以把握的,而听觉对层次的把握又要受限于演讲的时间。

根据听众以听觉把握层次的特点,显示演讲稿结构层次的基本方法就是在演讲中树立明显的有声语言标志,以此适时诉诸于听众的听觉,从而获得层次清晰的效果。演讲者在演讲中反复设问,并根据设问来阐述自己的观点,就能在结构上环环相扣,层层深入。此外,演讲稿用过渡句,或用“首先”(firstly)、“其次”(secondly)、“然后”(lastly)等语词来区别层次,也是使层次清晰的有效方法。

1.5.2衔接

衔接是指把演讲中的各个内容层次联结起来,使之具有浑然一体的整体感。由于演讲的节奏需要适时地变换演讲内容,因而也就容易使演讲稿的结构显得零散。衔接是对结构松紧、疏密的一种弥补,它使各个内容层次的变换更为巧妙和自然,使演讲稿富于整体感,有助于演讲主题的深入人心。演讲稿结构衔接的方法主要是运用同两段内容、两个层次有联系的过渡段或过渡句。

1.5.3结尾

结尾要简洁有力,余音绕梁。结尾是演讲内容的自然收束。言简意赅、余音绕梁的结尾能够使听众精神振奋,并促使听众不断地思考和回味;而松散疲沓、枯燥无味的结尾则只能使听众感到厌倦,并随着事过境迁而被遗忘。怎样才能给听众留下深刻的印象呢?美国作家约翰•沃尔夫说:“演讲最好在听众兴趣到高潮时果断收束,未尽时嘎然而止。”这是演讲稿结尾最为有效的方法。在演讲处于高潮的时候,听众大脑皮层高度兴奋,注意力和情绪都由此而达到最佳状态,如果在这种状态中突然收束演讲,那么保留在听众大脑中的最后印象就特别深刻。

三.结论

从以上对这两篇演讲的分析,我们知道正式的英文演讲文体比日常的对话等文体更为正式,庄重。语音结构也相当复杂,但是并非让人觉得不知其所云。演讲者运用了各种演讲的技巧,使语言更加有号召力和感染力。另外由于演讲都是之前准备,其语言风格也不免要受书面语的影响,所以这些都让演讲文体成为独具一格的一类文体。

参考文献:

1.秦秀白,《文体学概论》 【M】长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1987

2.王佐良、丁往道,《英语文体学引论》【M】北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1987

3.侯维瑞,《英语语体》【M】上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

4.王守元、郭鸿、苗兴伟(主编),《文体学研究在中国的进展》【M】上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004

8.关于选择的英文演讲稿 篇八

大家好!今天我演讲的题目是《我选择，我无悔》。

八年前，带着岁月的痕迹，带着创业的激情，我开始了向往已久的教师生活。

随着时间的流逝，面对几十个渴望知识的心，我为自己所作的选择感到骄傲和自豪。望着那些在教育战线上呕心沥血几十年的老教师仍孜孜不倦，看着他们青丝变白发仍两袖清风，我深深地知道：教师是平凡的，也是辛苦的。每天早早的来到教室，有堆成小山似的作业要我们批改，回到家中，又有琐碎的家务事等着我们去做。就这样，心中还是想着学生。几天前，孩子因为打防疫针发高烧，我是心急如焚，想想，今天上午就一节课，干脆给学校领导请假算了，可转念一想，本来就只有一节课，短短的40分钟对学生来说是多么宝贵呀!于是我把孩子交给家人照顾，自己还是义无返顾地来到了学校。踏上讲台，便有学生问我：“老师，您的眼睛怎么肿了?是不是孩子病了?”听到这关切的问候，我的心里暖洋洋的。

是啊!亲爱的老师们，在辛苦的同时，我们也感受到了心与心碰撞时的那份快乐。试想一下，有什么能比从事教育事业所收获的精神财富更多呢?让我们想一想这样的情景：课堂上，看着一双双求知若渴的眼睛，您能三心二意吗?课外，一个个学生围着您，用崇拜的眼神期待着您，您能不热血澎湃吗?节日来临，一张张饱蘸着学生敬意的贺卡飞向您的时候，您能不激动吗?夜深人静，就着一盏孤灯，品读着一封封信件的时候，您能不感到幸福吗?这一幕幕，只有为人师者，才能亲身经历;也只有细细品味，才能发现，这正是无悔的选择所带来的收获和快乐。

经过八年的历练，我变得更加成熟、稳重而自信。我时常为自己是一名教师而自豪，为学生的求知欲望而叹服，为教职工开拓进取的精神而喝彩，更为我县的教育事业而祝福。同时，我也越来越深刻的领悟到：不是工作适应你，而是你去适应工作，尤其是在课改的关键时期，作为一名青年教师，我们更应该以饱满的热情，积极、主动的态度去学习，去挑战。

9.大学生关于金融危机演讲稿中英文 篇九

(精选多篇)

i am honored extremely stand in here for everybody lecture!

we all knew that, now the world all is suffering the financial crisis, and many factories all already went out of business the bankruptcy, this also meant could have many people to face is coming off sentry duty.perhaps in school we regarding this realized is not very big, however we soon face the graduation, also meant must look for the work.already some people commented: the next several year university graduate，the graduation also on meant unemployment!although i not like this believed, but i still felt we should have one kind of crisis feeling, by faces the worst possible occurrence.therefore, also cannot again continue to waste in the university period time, that already was may not obtain extremely!therefore i hoped schoolmates, all can learn own diligently special course, in order to might find from now on most suits own work.我很荣幸极为站在这里为大家演讲!

我们都知道，现在世界上所有正在遭受金融危机，许多工厂都已经倒闭了破产，这也意味着可能有许多人面对即将关闭站岗。

也许在学校，我们对这个认识是不是很大，但是我们很快面临毕业，也意味着必须寻找工作。

已经有些人评论说：在未来数年大

学毕业，毕业也意味着失业!虽然我不喜欢这样认为，但我仍觉得我们应该有一种危机感，所面临的最严重的可能发生。

因此，也不能再继续浪费在大学期间的时间，这已经是可能无法获得极为!因此，我希望同学，大家都可以了解自己的勤奋特殊当然，为了可能会发现从现在起，最适合自己的工作。

i am honored extremely stand in here for everybody lecture!we all knew that, now the world all is suffering the financial crisis, and many factories all already went out of business the bankruptcy, this also meant could have many people to face is coming off sentry duty.perhaps in school we regarding this realized is not very big, however we soon face the graduation, also meant must look for the work.already some people commented: the next several year university graduate, the graduation also on meant unemployment!although i not like

this believed, but i still felt we should have one kind of crisis feeling, by faces the worst possible occurrence.therefore, also cannot again continue to waste in the university period time, that already was may not obtain extremely!therefore i hoped schoolmates, all can learn own diligently special course, in order to might find from now on most suits own work.我很荣幸极为站在这里为大家演讲!我们都知道，现在世界上所有正在遭受金融危机，许多工厂都已经倒闭了破产，这也意味着可能有许多人面对即将关闭站岗。也许在学校，我们对这个认识是不是很大，但是我们很快面临毕业，也意味着必须寻找工作。已经有些人评论说：在未来数年大学毕业，毕业也意味着失业!虽然我不喜欢这样认为，但我仍觉得我们应该有一种危机感，所面临的最严重的可能发生。因此，也不能再继续浪费在大学期间的时间，这已经是可能无法获得极为!因此，我希望同学，大家都

可以了解自己的勤奋特殊当然，为了可能会发现从现在起，最适合自己的工作。

范文网

confronting the financial crisis ,what should we college students do ?

honourable judges ,ladies and gentlemen :

good morning!at the beginning of my speech , i’d like to make a brief introductoion about myself that i hope won’t bore you , my name is liu zijing ,who come from bozhou of anhui province ,i was admitted to huaibei coal industry teacher’s college in xx年,and major in chinese language and literature.my today’s speech is : confronting the financial crisis ,what should we college students do ?

when you walking along a street , an inevitable phenomenon you will find is that lots of shops or markets are selling their goods at a discount;when you

visting a countryside ,an evident situation you will discover is that many workers are staying in their hometown.why ? that’s because the financial crisis that originated on wall street and swept the world has gone beyond the toy sector and bitten into the chinese economy.over the past six months,many labor-intensive factories have shut down ,leaving massive numbers of workers jobless.although our government have taken some effective measures to stimulate the need of employment , we also can’t deny the fact that the situation is still serious.according to expects , china’s gdp growth slowed to 9.9 percent down 2.3 percentage points from the same period lastyear and falling to single figures for the first time in five years.as a college students ,i can’t be more sensitive to the essential meanings behind thesenumbers ,basing on expects ，the graduates in this year are more than 5 millions , to my surprise ,there are exceed 1 million can’t find position.so it seems very important for us college students to consider what should we do in the intensely competitive society , particularly during this special background---international financial crisis.from my own perspective ,we should do three things as follows :

in the first instance , we should turn an objective attitude towards the encironment and ourselves.although we college students used to be the “most-favored “people in society ,we have received a higher education ,hance we are more intelligent and knowledgeable than our countparts who failed to attend college.society is developing in a very high pace and becoming more and more advanced , so we shoule know our own strengths and weaknesses and have the

right attitude towards ourselves and the job vacancies ,in addition ,we should not attach too much importance to material aspects of the job.secondly ,we should have great ambition towards our future.ambitions are like the stars---we never reach them ,but like mariners ,we chart our course by them.no matter the successful merchant or official or scientist ,they have an idential personality---ambition.on the surfaceof the globe financial crisis , it brings the pessmisitic economic situations , but it still can’t prevent a person who have great ambition achieving his goals.just like george bernard shaw said :”people always blaming their circumstance , the people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstance s they want ,and ,if they can’t find them ,make them.”

last but not the least, we should

study to the best of our ability to acquire knowledge as much as possible.college is a place where we can enrich our knowledge and improve ourselves.as a college student , we should be these who have a strong sense of social responsibilities , up-to-date knowledge and comperhensive capabilities.but never idle away our precious time and make our college life perplexed and vacuous.only master extensive knowledge and lay a solid foundtion can we have a promising and bright future.my fellow friends ,please remember , “heaven never helps the man who will not act “ every man is the architect of his own fortune , no matter how wicked the environment is ,i do believe a brilliant and original person still can realize his value and make contribution to our society.thank you very much for your

attention！!

金融危机对大学生就业问题 的影响及对策分析

董蓉英

“大学生就业难”这是一个老话题了。年年提，政府、社会、学校年年在努力，而大学生则年年还是被撞的“头破血流”。今年受美国次贷危机的影响，全球经济形势一片暗淡，不少企业进行了大面积的裁员，大多数企业则选择大幅度缩减招聘人数，这些对大学生就业来说无疑于雪上加霜。“金融危机对今年大学生就业究竟有多大影响？”这个问题是时下人们普遍关注的一个问题。

一、金融危机对就业市场的冲击

从国际金融危机大背景看，危机正加速从虚拟经济向实体经济蔓延，在如此危机四伏的经济环境下，不少公司都或多或少面临着各种困难。国内外诸多公司缩紧开支，压低成本，而在这当中，人力成本便成为了一个他们不得不考虑的因素。于是乎，现今的大学生找工作

也变得比往年更难了。最近有很多新闻都谈及目前我国的制造业萧条，比较典型的是长三角洲与深圳的制造厂。他们因为人民币升值，失去了人口红利的优势，被迫压低人力成本。无视gdp发展与工人提高待遇需求的失误，首先形成了民工荒；其次，因为成本无法负荷大量倒闭。据统计，2014年上半年全国有6.7万家中小企业倒闭，众多行业迎来了裁员寒流。记得今年春节的时候，“财源滚滚”都用于“裁员滚滚”的谐音，成了新春祝福的忌语。随着大批失业人员的增加，这些人毫无疑问地成为了和应届大学生“抢饭碗”的不可忽视的因素。而更重要的是企业本身对人才的需要不再如同前几年经济形势好的时候，到处是机会，到处都能发财。在此前到处可见有公司企业动辙在一个学校招聘几十甚至上百个毕业生，尤其是那些理工专业的学生更是一个个整天悠闲度日，不怕无人问津。然而经济危机一来，一些曾经的聘人大户开始缩小他们的名单，更有

一些干脆取消了一些校园招聘会行程。象往年高校毕业生的就业，到现在这个时间，起码有40%—50%的签约率，现在只有20%多。从更广的角度看这个问题，毕业生对未来的职业规划及毕业后的出路选择都随着这次危机重新进行了“洗牌”。前几年愈演愈烈的留学热随着欧美国家爆发的金融危机开始出现了降温的苗头。而国内的就业环境也由于我国特有的经济体制和模式在这次危机中显示出了些许优势。另一方面，一些发达国家的经济衰退也对人民币汇率、新型人才的需求及移民等产生了明显的影响。许多原来打算出国深造的学子也正重新理清他们的思路，重新衡量出国留学的投入回报比。当然，也有这样一些人，他们原本计划毕业后找份工作谋生，随着经济形势的动荡又拿起了课本投入考研的复习中。

二、影响就业的其它因素

1、据教育部统计数据表明，从毕业生总量看：全国应届学校毕业生2014

年为495万，2014年为559万，2014年预计将再创历史新高达到611万，总量压力持续增加。而从就业来看，2014年应届毕业生未就业的有168万，再加上今年的应届毕业生，2009年需就业高校毕业人数达780万左右，形势十分严峻。另从我市情况来看，2014年毕业生为3703人，回富毕业生2636人，已实现就业1687人，未就业949人；2014年毕业生为3796人，师范类毕业生为300余人，总计4096人。虽然今年毕业生总体数量与去年变化不大，但由于前两年积累沉淀一部分未就业毕业生，再加上一部分外地生源毕业生来富找工作，毕业生就业压力还是很严峻的。

2、一些用人单位瞄准当前高校毕业生供大于求的形势，招聘人才设置条件高，用人向名牌大学、重点大学毕业生倾斜，致使一些地方院校的高校毕业生就业难度增大。近年来待就业毕业生不断增加和往届一些就业不理想的毕业生不断跳槽，挤占了应届高校毕业生就

业岗位。而一些低端岗位聘用农民工等，使毕业生就业重心下移受阻。

3、公务员法的实施和事业单位人事制度改革的进一步发展，机关、事业单位严格控制人员编制增加，机关事业单位接收毕业生数量进一步减少。

三、破解大学生就业困境需要全社会共同努力

如何破解大学生就业困局？造成困局的原因是多方面的，解决问题之道也绝非单一措施或方法就能够凑效。这一问题涉及全社会，需要动员全社会力量“齐抓共管”，“八仙过海，各显神通”。

1、政府：发展经济，创造机会，实施专项政策。

从政府层面，出台政策，创造机会，最重要的是发展经济。为抵御国际经济环境对我国的不利影响，我国确定了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的10项措施。这些措施包括：建设保障性安居工程，农村基础设施建设，铁路、公路、和机场等重大基础设施建设，医疗卫生、文化教育事业发展，生态环境建设，自主创新和结构调整，地震灾区灾后重建各项工作，提高城乡居民收入，在全国所有地区、所有行业全面实施增值税转型改革，加大金融对经济增长的支持力度等。根据初步匡算，实施上述工程建设，到2014年年底约需投资4万亿元。

与此同时，国家提高纺织品、服装、玩具等劳动密集型商品出口退税率和提高抗艾滋病药物等高技术含量、高附加值商品的出口退税率。相应地，中央银行调整了全国商业银行信贷规模，将有效缓解中小企业融资难和担保难问题。这些刺激经济的政策将从根本上为就业需求的扩大提供了保障。比如说，我市在政府的支持下，及时促成了浙丰小额贷款公司的挂牌，极大缓解了我市部分小企业的资金周转问题。

促进大学生就业还需专项政策的实施：第一，实施大学生全国范围内的自由就业政策，保障他们在全国范围内的“公民与市民待遇”，从根本上解决我

国大学生就业的政策环境。第二，国家需要考虑在短期内增加对大学生的需求。能够直接产生效果的措施就是政府机关、军队、武警以及其他社会服务事业单位增加对毕业生的雇用量。还可以进一步增加西部地区和基层单位对大学生的需求。第三，国家可考虑在短期内适当增加研究生招生总量，减少大学毕业生的供给，帮助大学生渡过金融危机的困难时期。

以我市为例，目前我市在政府层面也积极采取了一些措施以缓解大学生就业

难问题：进一步鼓励和扶持高校毕业生自主创业。根据《富阳市高校毕业生创业资助资金实施办法》，市财政每年增加100万元“人才开发专项经费”用于资助符合条件的普通高校毕业生在我市创业，以创业带动就业。同时，今年，我市提出了实施毕业生“212”就业工程，即资助毕业生自主创新项目20个以上，实训毕业生1000人次左右，解决毕业生

就业2014名。创造条件推进大学生创业园的建设，进一步强化大学生创业的服务平台；进一步鼓励毕业生到基层和民营企业就业。一是实施农村和社区招聘计划。我市从2014年开始，用三年时间，实现村村一名大学生村官，目前已招收223余名大学生进村工作。今年确保推出岗位88个，基本实现全市每个村都有一名高校毕业生目标。二是实施毕业生到民营企业就业计划。政府有关部门及所属服务机构要为其提供就业落户、社会保险办理和接续、人事代理以及权益保障等方面的服务，形成有利于高校毕业生到企业就业的社会环境。三是实施事业单位招聘计划。今年力争实现招聘高校毕业生300名左右的目标，特别是教育卫生文化等系统，以加快推动基层卫生文化服务机构和农村中小学校的建设为契机，更多地吸纳高校毕业生；进一步强化高校毕业生公共就业服务。一是突出重点做好未就业和困难家庭高校毕业生就业帮扶工作。二是做好失业登记

和就业帮扶工作。三是做好就业困难和困难家庭高校毕业生的重点帮扶工作。四是积极搭建高校毕业生与用人单位双向交流平台。

2、高等学校：面向市场，提高质量。

从学校角度，首先有必要进一步调整专业设置，提高培养人才的质量。可以看到，一般而言，工科就业好于理科，理科就业又好于文科。在整体就业不景气情况下，名牌学校、名牌专业毕业生仍供不应求。与此同时，一些高职院校、技工学校、民办院校的毕业生就业率超过国有本科就业率，原因值得深思。以去年我市春、夏两季人才交流大会为例，提供5300多个就业岗位中，技能型人才需求岗位占三分之一多，而我市1600多名大专高职类毕业生中这类人才仅占7%，大量集中在计算机、财务会计、国际贸易等专业方面。其次，收集和发布就业需求信息要成为高校的重要工作。就业信息发布的充分、及时能有效地帮

助学生作出合理的选择。要做到这一点，只要多花功夫，并非不可能。每所学校可以整理出近年来来校招聘的用人单位数据库，然后组织学生志愿者联系用人单位的人力资源部，询问今年的招聘意向，便可获知比较接近真实的就业形势和社会需求，结合这些信息，高校可以有针对性地开展就业指导，包括为学生设计应聘方案，同时设法拓宽就业渠道。

3、大学生：准确定位，提高能力。

从大学生与研究生本人角度来看，自我定位和好的心态至关重要。高等教育的普及让普通劳动者接受高等教育的梦想成为现实。反过来，越来越多的接受高等教育的人成为社会新增劳动力的重要组成部分。我们要接受的一个现实是：大学生已经成为一个普通劳动者，或者说大学生成了素质比较高的普通劳动者。不能再抱着过去“天之骄子”的态度不放，非国有单位不去，非铁饭碗不算工作，工资待遇非优厚不干。这些思想的影响，使得大学生毕业后大量涌向

城市、涌向体制内，在某些地区、某些行业形成过度竞争，造成了人才积压和人力资源的浪费，客观上也使得大学生就业难度加大。现在大学校园里最流行的话题之一是“你考公务员了吗？”当前参加公务员考试是即将毕业的本科生和研究生的主要择业手段。浙江省公务员报考比例从2014年到2014年分别为19.46:1，47.46:1，58.24:1，60.98:1，四年高了近三倍。我市2014年招考公务员34人，报名2942人，今年将招考录用公务员39名，应考人员2827人，火爆程度可见一斑。事实表明，凡能正确对待自己的基本上还是可以找到自己工作岗位的，当然人应该有自己的理想，追求与自己兴趣爱好一致且收入高待遇好的工作没有错，但现在早已不是一次分配定终生的时代了，因此也没有必要要求一步到位，我赞成“先就业，再择业”。其次，要及早准备、早动手。减少依赖、等待的心理，以积极的心态主动出击。因为确实

有少数毕业生消极等待，怨天尤人，这样的心理不能促进就业。尽管金融危机会给毕业生就业带来不利影响，但我国政府出台的大力度拉动内需政策必将带来不少新增就业机会和岗位供毕业生选择。同时，农村基层岗位和中西部地区对高素质人才的需求缺口依然给就业开辟了新的途径，只要毕业生能正确认识自己，找到能施展自己才华的舞台并不困难。再次，要练好内功，学好本领，有真本事。过去说“学好数理化，走遍天下都不怕”。现在不这样讲了，但无论怎样，扎实的知识积累是基础，是关键。毋庸讳言，大学生中有人四年“混文凭”，几年前一个高文凭的确可以帮你找到好工作，现在不行了。必须认识到我国已由“学历型”社会转向了“能力型”社会，而且这将是一个不可逆的过程。

整体上，还需要全社会提高信心，正如温总理所说，信心比黄金重要。金融危机对我国的影响是有限的，在多方共同努力下，多管齐下，我相信大学生

就业的春天一定不会太远。

演讲稿提纲

日期：2014.12.04

标题：《金融危机》

演讲者:

开头：自我介绍和点名主题

内容：对金融危机的理解和阐述

结束：结束演讲+感谢

华尔街骤然掀起的剧烈金融风暴迅速席卷美国及与美国相关联的全球经济。金融风暴逐步演化为金融危机，并蔓延至实体经济，如果应对失当，金融危机就有可能引发经济危机。而经济危机的可怕之处在于它可能转化为社会危机，乃至全面的政治危机.面对这场突如其来的金融危机，大家可能关心两个问题：一是金融危机对中国经济的影响究竟有多大？二是中国在未来的发展中应如何应对国际经济风暴？

在经济全球化背景下，中国经济同世界经济融为一体的趋势进一步增强，毫无疑问，美国发生剧烈的金融危机，一定会对中国经济产生影响。

这种影响的第一个层面是显性的。首先是不少投资机构，尤其是我国金融企业对美国投行的投资，随着投行的倒闭或经营不景气而蒙受损失；另外，一些走出去企业与美国本土企业合资或合作因危机影响将导致一定的利润缩减。其次，华尔街金融危机在一定程度上造成世界经济衰退，抑制美国、欧洲市场的消费需求，从而影响到中国的出口业增长。

另一个层面的影响是隐性的，就是通过不断的经济传导来实现。比方，美国政府救市和即将可能发生的美国经济衰退，将成为美元贬值的动因。汇率的变化不仅削弱我国外向型企业出口利润的增长，增加出口成本，而且会直接导致汇兑损失。在我国长期依靠投资、出口和消费推动经济增长的动力中，后两个动力都会因华尔街金融危机的传导而受到挤压。

与1997—1998年金融危机时期相比，我们今天更有能力和实力应对这场金融危机；首先，我国有巨额的外汇储备。其次，我国的财政收入充裕。这些为刺激经济，避免经济大幅下滑创造了有利条件。

同时，也应该认识到：金融危机对中国经济的影响有限。从当前中国经济增长的动力构成的角度看，宏观经济运行情况表明，目前，推动中国经济增长的动力并未因华尔街金融风暴而受到根本性削弱，我国经济基本面也并未因华尔街金融风暴而更改。从中美经济相关度看，虽然两国经济发展互有咬合，但中国经济涉足美国经济程度毕竟不很深，中国金融体系相对独立和稳定，中国工农业生产形势稳定，内需强劲，消费对经济增长的贡献率日益提高。

中国政府采取有效措施，积极应对金融危机：推出了4万亿投资计划，地方政府也陆续推出了大规模投资计划，同时，一些更加积极的财政金融政策相

继出台，有利地刺激消费，扩大内需，推动中国经济向内需拉动型转变。