专业八级写作经典句子

2024-09-27

专业八级写作经典句子(精选10篇)

1.专业八级写作经典句子 篇一

英语专业八级写作真题

Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, ”We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how different the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.“ Do you agree or disagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:Ambition  

2.雅思写作经典句子 篇二

学生在写作文的时候,有时候提笔不知道怎样写什么,或者不知道应该怎样用英语准确的表达自己的`意思。如果有这样的情况,我建议大家可以多准备一些例句,注意最重要的是你要知道怎样才能利用好这些例句。

They will not ,he believes, get the health benefits without putting sufficient time into their exercise.这个句子是有关身体健康的句子,我们可以换几个词,就会变成别的。

win a place as 占有一席之地

The long-term trends lend support to the optimistic view

give sb an edge over sb 给予.....竞争的优势

The things that they catch or miss often determine whether a game will become a top seller or a failure.

The ugly advertisement is a blot on the beautiful landscape.

Various controversy have arisen in the university over this question.

Whether or not a part-time job is useful for a students future depends on the type of job chosen.

3.2013 英语专业八级 作文 篇三

When it comes to the relationship of environment and people to be good to others, different men often see the same object in different lights.Some people

that our current society provides a “bad environment” for good

people doing good things, and it is surely that a sound social environment is necessary, while others do not think so.Helping others has always been a virtue in traditional Chinese culture, but nowadays many people dare not offer help to those in need, for fear of getting into trouble.The issue has aroused public debate over the climate of morality and credibility, and many people sigh over the moral degeneration.In my opinion, while social environment is necessary for people to be good to others, each individual should try his or her best to do good deeds and be sympathetic with others, instead of waiting for the environment to improve.There is no denying that some tragic events turn out to be traps by people with evil intentions, so people are becoming more risk-conscious and are more wary of traps and deceits.some people even wonder, „Is our society hostile to good people?‟ The question may sound ridiculous but many believe

people apparently think so.They believe that our current society provides a bad environment for good people doing good things, and good people pay a high price for being compassionate.In fact, such kind of things only accounts for a pretty small percentage, but massive media coverage makes the situation seem serious.Actually, most people around me are kind, warm-hearted and helpful, and I am quite delighted in their company.So I believe media should pay more attention to publicizing good people and exemplary deeds to enhance our confidence, rather than exposing disgusting behaviors.At the same time, as John Donne puts it, “No man is an island, entire of itself.Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.” Since everyone of us is a component of the society, it is each individual‟s conducts that form social morality.Just imagine it is you who need help, what would you feel if everyone watches indifferently or suspiciously? So, put yourself in other‟s position and be sympathetic.If we do nothing but wait for the environment to improve, nothing will happen.Only by removing the fence around our kind consciousness can we reverse the regress of social ethics, and make our world full of warmth and happiness.Therefore, if help is needed, never hesitate to lend a helping hand.It will make you happy and feel better about life.In sum, I contend the idea that while social environment is necessary for people to be good to others, it is each individual‟s responsibility to offer help to those in need, and together we build up a more harmonious society.Is sound social environment good to the development of peopleWith the great influence of globalization and rapid development of technology, our work and life has become more and more convenient.In the past few years, our economy has maintaining a high rapid development and to our astonishment, our GDP ranked second all over the world last year.The whole country in general is enjoying a peace and prosperity.However, to some extent, standards of morality are now dropping fast.One of the famous cases recently is that a girl dropped into the manhole and lost because someone who has stolen the manhole covers, which is definitely a tragic for all of the people in our country.Such cases lead heated discussion of the moral consciousness.Is a sound social environment necessary for people to have moral standards and be good to others? As far as I am concerned, I am strongly in support of this view.For one thing, a sound environment is indeed essential for providing an energetic living condition, as we all know, environment plays a vital role in our self-development as every one is a member of the

4.英语专业八级考试真题 篇四

Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.

At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.

Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world.

Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.

For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.

科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时,今天,人类所做的及没能做到的事情,不仅危害到这个星球上的生命,也危害到该星球的寿命。

全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此,9/11、禽流感及伊朗提醒我们,更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。

我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中,不过,迫切需要智慧。现在,在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短,即时信息淘汰了杂记文,个人生活变得如痴如狂之际,这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。

考虑到这些理由,我过去信仰,而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。

改错题:

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can

make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1) and→or

records of ancient languages show us language in a new and ? (2) show→showing?

emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language ? (3) the

originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4) and→but?

necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote

tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries ? (5) large→lager?

than we find in Engli**. ** is true that the absence

of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in ? (6) in→on?

other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.

People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that (7) return→response?

such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen

and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,

serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference (8)on

between these noises and language proper. We may

say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement

are largely reflex actions, instinctive to∧large extent, (9) ∧a?

whereas language proper does not consist of signs

but of these that have to be learnt and that are ? (10) these→those?

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际的颜色混合一起,分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。

也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚的,像些胖娃娃。如果走近了,会发现它们那可爱的神情,洁白的牙齿,那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞,还会生出无限的怜悯。

5.英语专业八级考试全真试卷 篇五

听力

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)

In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.?

SECTION A TALK?

Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk. ?

1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.?

A. the legislature B. the librarian? C. John Harvard D. the faculty members?

2. The earliest public library was also called a subion library bec ause books ___.?

A. could be lent to everyone

B. could be lent by book stores?

C. were lent to students and the faculty

D. were lent on a membership basis?

3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries??

A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.?

B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.?

C. To serve the community’s cultural and recreational needs.?

D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.?

4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.?

A. readership B. content C. service D.function?

5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.?

A. to introduce categories of books in US libraries?

B. to demonstrate the importance of US libraries?

C. to explain the roles of different US libraries?

D. to define the circulation system of US libraries?

SECTION B INTERVIEW?

Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. A

6.英语专业八级改错练习题 篇六

For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the __1__

Words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and __2__

Knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a __3__

Popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it __4__

Flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the __5__

Confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass __6__

Media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear __7__

And to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this __8__

Philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent __9__

7.西班牙语专业八级的真题 篇七

根据句子内容选择适当的选项

Llegué a Madrid en septiembre y me (1) (llevar, ellos) a un colegio mayor situado en la Ciudad Universitaria.( 2 ) (Ser) un edificio rojo de seis pisos donde ( 3 ) (vivir), principalmente, estudiantes latinoamericanos y españoles.(4)(Haber), además, cinco norteamericanos y dos japoneses. Con mi presencia, la casa ( 5 ) (empezar) a contar con representación china.

Mi cuarto (6)(ser) individual, sencillamente amueblado: una cama con mesita de noche y lámpara, una mesa y una silla, un estante, un lavabo con espejo y un armario en que-(7) (guardarse) la ropa. La ventana ( 8) (dar) a un pequeño jardín y un poco más allá (9) (verse) otro colegio mayor de muchachas.

Los baños (10) (ser) colectivos y (11) (encontrarse) en cada una de las cuatro esquinas del pasillo.

Los estudiantes (12) (estudiar, nosotros) carreras diversas en distintas facultades. Cada uno (13) (tener) un horario diferente. Algunos(14)(tener) clases por la mañana, otros, por la tarde y no pocos (15)(ir) a la facultad por la noche. A veces(16)(trabajar, nosotros) hasta muy tarde. Sin embargo, el colegio(17)(tener) un horario fijo para todos;(18) (desayunarse) entre las ocho y las nueve, (19) (almorzarse) a las dos de la tarde y la cena (20) (empezar) a las nueve y media de la noche.

1. a)llevan b)llevaron c) llevaban d)llevarán

2. a)es b)fue c)era d)será

3. a)viven b)vivieron c)vivían d)vivirán

4. a)Hay b)Hubo c)Había d)Habrá

5. a)empieza b)empezó c)empezaba d)empezará

6. a)es b)fue c)era d)será

7. a)se guardan b)se guardaron c)se guardaban d)se guardarán

8. a)da b)dio c)daba d)dará

9. a)se ve b)se vio c)se veía d)se verá

10. a)son b)fueron c)eran d)serán

11. a)se encuentran b)se encontraron c)se encontraban d)se encontrarán

12. a)estudiamos b)estudiamos c)estudiábamos d)estudiaremos

13. a)tiene b)tuvo c)tenía d)tendrá

14. a)tienen b)tuvieron c)tenían d)tendrán

15. a)van b)fueron c)iban d)irán

16. a)trabajamos b)trabajamos c)trabajábamos d)trabajarán

17. a)tiene b)tuvo c)tenía d)tendrá

8.专业八级写作经典句子 篇八

华农珠江教务〔2011〕122号

关于做好2012年英语专业四、八级统测报考工作的通知

外国语系、各英语类专业学生班:

根据高校外语专业教学测试办公室《关于2012年英语专业四、八级统测报考须知》精神,2012年英语专业四、八级统测分别定于2012年4月21日和3月10日举行。为做好2012年英语专业四、八级统测报考工作,现将有关事宜通知如下:

一、报考资格

1.TEM4报考资格:2009、2010级英语专业本科学生及2009级商务英语专业专科学生。

2.TEM8报考资格:2011届英语专业本科毕业生及2008级英语专业本科学生。

二、报考费

TEM4:80元/人,TEM8:100元/人。

三、报考程序及注意事项

1.参加报考学生于11月22日前到各自班级学习委员处报名。报名方法是在由教务处打印的各自班级《华南农业大学珠江学院2012年英语专业考试预报名表》对应格打“√"标记并在签名格签名确认,同时将报考费交学习委员处。

2.各学生班学习委员于11月24日前凭《华南农业大学珠江学院2012年英语专业考试预报名表》到财务处缴费,并于缴费后凭《华南农业大学珠江学院2012年英语专业考试预报名表》和缴费收据到教务处办理报考手续。

3.2011届英语专业本科毕业生可回校报考TEM8。外国语系应当指定专人负责2011届英语专业本科毕业生的报名确认、缴费、报考等报考工作,并按在校生报考程序办理相关手续后凭报名表和缴费收据到教务处办理报考手续。

4.各英语类专业学生班学生应当于规定时间内完成报考手续。逾期均不受理。

教务处

9.专业八级写作经典句子 篇九

2011年全国高校法语专业八级考试(TFS8)【考试信息】

考试对象:普通高等教育学校全日制法语专业应届四年级本科生。

考试时间:2011年3月25日(周五)8 :30–11:30(3小时)。

考试形式:闭卷考试,不得使用任何纸介或电子参考资料和通讯工具。

命题标准:参照教育部审定发行的《高等学校法语专业高年级教学大纲》。

题型与评分:试题共分为7个部分(成绩单上简单地标为“题1”–“题7”),满分为100分。

成绩等级标准:“优秀”(80–100分),“良好”(70–79分),“合格”(60 – 69分),“不合格”(0–59分);补考生只有“合格”(60分或以上成绩)和“不合格”(60分以下)两个等级。“合格”及以上成绩获得者将获授证书。【考试目的】

法语八级考试目的在于考察高校法语专业高年级(3-4年级)学生对教学大纲要求的语言知识和语言技能掌握情况,以期促进这个阶段的教学和学习,并为教育部的工作提供参考。此项考试成绩不在高校和考生间进行排名,与学期考试、学年考试、毕业考试以及文凭发放的关系由各高校自行决定。各高校法语专业和广大法语教师应重视向学生讲授基本语言知识和国情知识,重视训练学生的基本语言能力,以培养能够满足国家和社会需要、具有良好素养的法语人才。【考试简介】

第一部分“听写”(Partie I « Dictée »,10分):

试卷上有一篇150字左右的短文,其中空有部分文字(20个单词或短语,每个0.5分),考生有2分钟时间进行阅读准备,然后根据短文录音填写这些文字。录音共放2遍。考生最后有2分钟时间进行检查。

第二部分“听力”(Partie II « Compréhension orale »,10分),分为两节:

第一节(Section A,5分):10小段情景对话录音,各附有一个问题和3个备选答案,放录音前考生有3分钟时间看题,每段对话听两遍,然后选择问题的答案(每个问题0.5 分)。

第二节(Section B,5分):1篇短文录音,附有10个问题,每个问题有3个备选答案,放录音前学生有3分钟时间看题,然后听两遍短文,并用3分钟时间选择问题的答案(每个问题0.5分)。对于上述两题,试卷附有录音带,全部内容按要求录制,只需从头至尾放一遍,中间不得进行停放、倒带和重放等操作。建议使用语言实验室。全部录音约40分钟。

第三部分“词汇和语法”(Partie III « Vocabulaire et grammaire »,20分),分为两节:

第一节(Section A,10分):10个单句,每句有一个划线的单词或词组,附有4个备选单词或词组,选择其中与划线部分语义或功能最贴合者(每句1分)。

第二节(Section B,10分): 一篇由10余个句子组成的短文,其中有10个编号空格,每个空格有4个备选单词或词组(每个空格1 分)。

第四部分“法译汉”(Partie IV « Version »,10 + 2.5分):

将一篇由10句左右组成的法语短文译成中文(整题满分12.5分)。

第五部分“汉译法”(Partie V « Thème »,10 + 2.5分):

将一篇由10句左右组成的中文短文译成法语(整题满分12.5分)。两部分翻译题目的基本要求是译文(译句)完整、准确无误、语句通畅达意。对于达到上述要求的翻译,起评分为10分,不足按以下标准扣分:以语义单位(单词或词组)和语法点计算,每个错误扣0.5分,相同错误计算一次,达到20个错误本题为0

分,不清楚的表述视同为错误;相反,在达到基本要求的基础上,如果有更好的文笔表达,且书写整洁、标点规范,则酌情加分(直至该题满分)。

第六部分“阅读理解”(Partie VI « Compréhension écrite »,20分):

共有4篇短文,每篇文章附有5个问题,每个问题有4个备选答案,问题涉及对全文、段落、句子、词语的理解或者相关国情知识(每个问题1 分)。

第七部分“写作”(Partie VII « Expression écrite »,15分):

根据所给信息自拟题目写一篇文章,陈述自己的观点,篇幅介于150-200单词之间,空格和标点符号不计字数。基本要求:

(1)切合题意,结构合理,内容充实,符合逻辑;

(2)用词正确,句法规范,语句通畅。对于达到上述要求的文章,起评分为10分,不足酌情扣分;如果有更好的文笔表达,且书写整洁、标点规范,则酌情加分(直至该题满分)。【考试意义】

法语专业四级与八级是针对法语专业的学生而设的级别考试,这两者在题型上的差别主要在于八级将四级中的取消四级中的时态题,以翻译题取而代之。因此从考试意义上来讲,能更大程度上考查考生对语言的运用能力以及产出能力(expression ecrite),专业八级是更考查能力的考试。2011年全国高校法语专业八级考试(TFS8)报名表填写说明

■考点应下载考办下发的报名表样张(包括sheet1和sheet2两张表),使用Excel电子文档填表,各栏目应填写完整,并认真仔细核对,确保考生姓名和准考证号等准确无误。

■将填好的表格用A4纸打印,加盖教务处或学校考试管理部门公章(院校自行组织考试的考点除本部门公章外,亦应加盖教务处公章),连同电子稿于 2011年1月7日前寄往考办。电子稿可以用光盘、U盘或软盘形式提交,亦可通过可靠电子邮箱发送给考办。■sheet 1(应届考生表)的填写:

■sheet 2(补考生表)的填写:

2011年全国高校法语专业八级考试(TFS8)试题提纲(修订)

考试对象:普通高等教育学校全日制法语专业应届四年级本科生。

考试时间:2011年3月25日(周五)8 :30–11:30(3小时)。

考试形式:闭卷考试,不得使用任何纸介或电子参考资料和通讯工具。

命题标准:参照教育部审定发行的《高等学校法语专业高年级教学大纲》。

题型与评分:试题共分为7个部分(成绩单上简单地标为“题1”–“题7”),满分为100分。

成绩等级标准:“优秀”(80–100分),“良好”(70–79分),“合格”(60 – 69分),“不合格”(0–59分);补考

生只有“合格”(60分或以上成绩)和“不合格”(60分以下)两个等级。“合格”及以上成绩获得者将获授证书。

考试目的:法语八级考试目的在于考察高校法语专业高年级(3-4年级)学生对教学大纲要求的语言知识和语言技能掌握情况,以期促进这个阶段的教学和学习,并为教育部的工作提供参考。此项考试成绩不在高校和考生间进行排名,与学期考试、学年考试、毕业考试以及文凭发放的关系由各高校自行决定。各高校法语专业和广大法语教师应重视向学生讲授基本语言知识和国情知识,重视训练学生的基本语言能力,以培养能够满足国家和社会需要、具有良好素养的法语人才。

第一部分“听写”(Partie I « Dictée »,10分):

试卷上有一篇150字左右的短文,其中空有部分文字(20个单词或短语,每个0.5分),考生有2分钟时间进行阅读准备,然后根据短文录音填写这些文字。录音共放2遍。考生最后有2分钟时间进行检查。

第二部分“听力”(Partie II « Compréhension orale »,10分),分为两节:

第一节(Section A,5分):10小段情景对话录音,各附有一个问题和3个备选答案,放录音前考生有3分钟时间看题,每段对话听两遍,然后选择问题的答案(每个问题0.5 分)。

第二节(Section B,5分):1篇短文录音,附有10个问题,每个问题有3个备选答案,放录音前学生有3分钟时间看题,然后听两遍短文,并用3分钟时间选择问题的答案(每个问题0.5分)。对于上述两题,试卷附有录音带,全部内容按要求录制,只需从头至尾放一遍,中间不得进行停放、倒带和重放等操作。建议使用语言实验室。全部录音约40分钟。

第三部分“词汇和语法”(Partie III « Vocabulaire et grammaire »,20分),分为两节:

第一节(Section A,10分):10个单句,每句有一个划线的单词或词组,附有4个备选单词或词组,选择其中与划线部分语义或功能最贴合者(每句1分)。

第二节(Section B,10分): 一篇由10余个句子组成的短文,其中有10个编号空格,每个空格有4个备选单词或词组(每个空格1分)。

第四部分“法译汉”(Partie IV « Version »,10 + 2.5分):

将一篇由10句左右组成的法语短文译成中文(整题满分12.5分)。

第五部分“汉译法”(Partie V « Thème »,10 + 2.5分):

将一篇由10句左右组成的中文短文译成法语(整题满分12.5分)。两部分翻译题目的基本要求是译文(译句)完整、准确无误、语句通畅达意。对于达到上述要求的翻译,起评分为10分,不足按以下标准扣分:以语义单位(单词或词组)和语法点计算,每个错误扣0.5分,相同错误计算一次,达到20个错误本题为0分,不清楚的表述视同为错误;相反,在达到基本要求的基础上,如果有更好的文笔表达,且书写整洁、标点规范,则酌情加分(直至该题满分)。

第六部分“阅读理解”(Partie VI « Compréhension écrite »,20分):

共有4篇短文,每篇文章附有5个问题,每个问题有4个备选答案,问题涉及对全文、段落、句子、词语的理解或者相关国情知识(每个问题1 分)。

第七部分“写作”(Partie VII « Expression écrite »,15分):

根据所给信息自拟题目写一篇文章,陈述自己的观点,篇幅介于150-200单词之间,空格和标点符号不计字数。基本要求:

(1)切合题意,结构合理,内容充实,符合逻辑;

10.上外英语专业八级阅卷总结 篇十

2010年3月23日—4月1日,全国英语专业八级阅卷工作在上海外国语大学进行。今年全国参考考生共计189000余人,参加阅卷工作老师共220位,分听写、改错、英译汉、汉译英和写作几个组。首次采用计算机阅卷。

我院教师向洪全参加了其中的“英译汉”部分阅卷,并特别就这一方面所发现的经验得失与老师和同学们分享。

一、英译汉评分标准

总体评分标准包括两项:“译文忠实性”与“语言适切性”。按满分10分为比例,“译文忠实性”计7分:极差0-1分,不合格2-3分,合格4-5分,良好5-6分,优秀6-7分;“语言适切性”计3分:极差0分,合格1分,良好2分,优秀3分。具体言之:

优秀:能基本进行词语的正确翻译(突破英语原文词语的表层含义,实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等);有较强的翻译转移意识——能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的翻译转移(能对译句进行深层次的组构,译句能符合汉语句子的信息架构和重量特点……);语言流畅,用词恰当,符合汉语规范。

良好:能一定地进行词语的正确翻译(突破英语原文词语的表层含义,实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等);偶尔能体现出翻译转移意识——在不改变原意的基础上进行一定的翻译转移(如对译句进行深层次的组构,译句能符合汉语句子的信息架构和重量特点……);语言较为流畅,用词较为恰当,符合汉语规范。

合格:尚能进行词语的翻译,但多局限于指称意义的翻译,在语境、语体、搭配等意义的对等上有明显不足;句义尚且忠实,但缺乏翻译转移意识,基本不能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的翻译转移;语言尚流畅,部分用词不恰当,出现汉语病句。

不合格:基本不能进行词语的翻译,意思偏离严重;没有翻译转移意识,机械式的对应严重,或对原文意思进行篡改,或有明显遗漏;语言别扭,用词不妥,有较多汉语病句。

极差:不能进行词语的翻译,没有翻译转移意识,完全局限于机械式的对应,或对原文意识进行明显篡改,或有大量遗漏;有相当多的汉语语言失误。

二、英译汉答卷常见问题

(说明:因是为帮助读者了解考生翻译中存在的常见问题,以自我警觉,尽量少犯同样错误或提前思考应对之策,故下面不谈优点,只列缺点或不足。)

1、全文理解偏颇。该文段实际上是描写的一梦境片段,除其梦幻般的文辞外,有好几处都有明确标识。不过也许选文确实有些难度,几乎少有考生真正读明白。不过还好,这对翻译不构成大碍,顶多扣一些分数,只要整体翻译尚可。

2、文体风格偏颇。全语篇以追忆梦境入笔,以缅怀思念逝去的孩子收束,是痛定之后的沉郁。其情静澹而深切,其文多彩而沉稳。除相当的考生译笔苍白,更有考生凭空添加诸如“巧的是”或感叹词“噢”等,严重扭曲原文情感基调。

3、词语不认识。其中既有普通词汇亦有专有名词。普通词汇如cottage、exalt、solemnize、valley、interspace、meadow、lawn、hedge、tranquilly、cattle、repose等;专有名词如Easter、Alpine等。前者表现出部分考生英语词汇量之不足,后者则不仅是词汇量的问题,也是文化知识缺失的问题。

4、词语理解跳脱语境。单是“Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation…”一句,其中“right”、“lay”、“command”、“situation”理解就千奇百异。

5、句子语法逻辑解析不明。如“there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns…”,正常归属关系应是“of meadows and forest lawns”是限定“interspace”的,而“between them”是嵌入状语。英语作为一种形合语言,一句之中,各部分间关系处处有法可依,也有有形标识可寻。但从试卷译文来看,解析不清,理解不准确的相当普遍。

6、翻译再生能力或经验不足。从语言学层面讲,翻译是英汉差异的认知、把握和转换处理的过程。这就需要增减词、转性转态、或拆或合、调整语序等技巧。从文化层面讲,则涉及或归化或异化的策略问题。而从文学角度看,则是一个如何运用译入语或曰目的语结构、辞章、意象等,综合考量源语所传递内容和表达方式而予以再创造与重写,以尽量求得等同效果。从试卷看,好些考生这样的翻译意识显得很不够。

7、漏译。漏译一般有三种可能,一是有地方不理解,故意略去;二是虽然理解,但汉语译文里不知如何处理,故意略去;三是粗心,检查时也不够仔细。

8、粗心致错。最明显的莫过于开篇第一句“I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May…”不止一位考生将“Sunday”译为“星期六”、“星期五”什么的,“May”一词也有错译。相信这更多是考生紧张粗心所致,而非真的不认识如此常用的词语。

9、胡编滥造冒充翻译。有考生英语理解力或翻译能力大概是太差,于是乎洋洋洒洒自言自语“创作”。有的是干脆写了自己学习英语的感想,并向阅卷老师问好,说感谢耐心看其废话。

10、答错位置。有个别学生翻译答错位置。本人阅英译汉部分,估计遇到不下十份汉译英卷子。好在阅卷场专门有处理这类试卷的机制,以免误给这些考生0分。

11、时间安排不当导致未译完。阅卷时也遇到过如此情况,前面部分都翻译很不错,但未到结尾,译文戛然而止,连句号都没来得及打。遇到这样的译文,不能不说是一大遗憾。

12、购买答案及抄袭。阅卷过程中,每天都会遇到一些雷同卷,估计多半是网上购得答案。结果自然是以作弊卷论处。

13、中文水平见差。好些译文仅得其意,文采几乎全无。有的被原文牵制,或因某些理解偏颇而更致牵强,随便一读也知道国人没这样说话的。中文灵动、简短的句法,习惯的重心、语序,整饬的格结构等,被英文静态化的语言和繁复的文法拖累得遍体鳞伤。这一方面可归咎于不懂得翻译之道——再创造而非被动模仿,但更主要原因则可能在于,外语学生中文功夫普遍欠缺。这是我们大多学外语的同学的致命伤——外遇不见得学好,母语亦落了个惨不忍睹。这也许不该归咎于学生个人,而应问一问我们外语教育如何改进。

末了,提几点建议给学习外语的小同胞们,一、多读原典,提升英文理解力;

二、双语比较,掌握英汉语言差异;

三、勤加练习,熟练运用各种翻译技巧和策略;

四、多读中文作品,夯实汉语语言文化基础;五„做人务求诚信。

另外是关于八级考试翻译建议,首先保证原文理解正确,英译汉避免理解错误的硬伤(如果是汉译英,宁可语句简单,尽量少犯语法错误)。

【附录】

1、英译汉原文

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen, except that in the green church-yard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child, whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.(作者Thomas De Quincey,节选自Confessions of an English Opium Eater,1821。选作考题时略有修改。)

2、未修改原文

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing, as it seemed to me, at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.there were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really beheld them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.3、杨自伍译文

我想起来了,那是五月间一个礼拜天的清晨,那一天是复活节星期日,一大早天才蒙蒙亮。恍恍惚惚之中,我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色,从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底,可是由于梦幻的力量,它显得超凡出尘,一派肃穆气象,梦里的感觉往往如此。丛山依旧,山麓令人神往的幽谷依旧;不过群山挺然参天,高于阿尔卑斯峰,诸山相距空旷,丰草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何

生物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里,牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息,好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓,我曾对她一腔柔情,那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻,那孩子死去了,我如同当年那样望着牛群。(见杨自伍主编《英国文化选本》,华东师范大学出版社,1996年。)

英语系

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