考研英语 应用文写作(求职信)

2024-08-25

考研英语 应用文写作(求职信)(精选12篇)

1.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇一

小作文写作其实难度不大,掌握好方法技巧,注意格式,要拿分不难。冲刺阶段,作文提分很关键,新东方网考研频道希望考生抓紧动起来。下面我们来讲解下求职信的写作技巧,不会写的考生来学学。

求职信内容包含简单告知求职人从何处获悉空缺职位;自我介绍阐述职位所需的而自己符合的优点;盼对方早日恢复给以面试机会。

第一段:I am looking for a position in 专业 department in which I may use my training in 专业 to solve 专业 problems. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.

第二段:表明自己符合该职位。I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and working experience. Second, I am young, enthusiastic and sociable, and these personalities also make me a perfect candidate for it. Last, my hobbies include......

第三段:盼能给以面试机会并表示感谢。I wish you would give me an opportunity to be interviewed. I can be reached by calling me or the address on the envelope. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply.

考研英语小作文技巧

一、格式

1.称呼:英语应用文称呼有这样的特点:

1)如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,Dear Sir or Madam 或者 To Whom It May Concern (需注意每个单词首字母都大写)。

2)如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,Dear Mr. Xx,或Dear Ms.xx,;

3)对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名,即 Dear xx,。

同时需要注意的是:1.称呼要顶格写;2. 称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号。这里推荐大家用逗号,因为历年的高分范文都是用逗号的。

2.正文:正文格式一般有两种格式:一是缩进式,即首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行; 另一种是齐头式,即每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。建议考生采用缩进式,因为如果用齐头式,段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够,导致字数不够。

3.结语:结语要注意要留出两行。一行是靠后写类似汉语“此致敬礼”的话也就是“Sincerely yours, ”或者“Yours sincerely ,”一定要注意这个地方的结尾是有逗号的,如果丢掉了逗号,则会扣掉一份,请大家一定要注意。同时,还需要注意落款,落款部分不能写自己的名字。按照directions 中的要求使用名字。英语一一般是Liming结尾,英语二为Zhangwei。同时请大家注意名字后面一定不要加任何的符号。请大家一定要注意,很多的学生喜欢在此打点号,这里会被扣掉一分。

二、语言

写作用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次,句型可以多变,例如既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句,但注意语法运用要正确。此外还要注意,正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构,这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。英语二的小作文一般写给正式关系的机构的文章片偏多。除了正式的文体以外,其他的文体皆为非正式文体,像写给朋友的书信等。英语一的小作文就是较为非正式一些。

一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合,所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。另外,考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。

三、其他

考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔,虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词,但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后,认真列个提纲,这样更有利于思路清晰。

2.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇二

1 职教语文课程中应用文的现状

1.1 应用文的地位及作用

应用文以实际应用为目的, 是传递信息、处理事务、解决问题、交流经验的一种必不可少的工具, 上至中央机关, 下至基层单位, 应用文的使用范围几乎涉及社会生活的各个方面。随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步, 人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁, 事情也越来越复杂, 应用文也将发挥越来越重要的作用。

1.2 应用文在现有教学过程中的处境

当前中职学校学生语文水平低、基础弱、素养差, 写作能力更差, 对于篇幅较长、格式要求严格的公文写作, 更是不会写。学生在评价应用文课程教学时普遍反应应用文学习枯燥无味, 厌恶应用文。而教师们也深有同感, 纷纷表示应用文写作不好教, 且学校领导对应用文写作教学不甚看重, 这就使应用文写作教学处于一个尴尬的边缘化状态。教师教起来费力, 学生学起来吃力, 课堂气氛沉闷, 教学效果极不理想, 因此提高中职学生的应用文写作能力并非易事。

2 在课堂教学中如何采用行为导向法指导学生有效学习应用文

2.1 应用文教学重在激发学生的学习兴趣

学生是课堂的主体, 对于枯燥无味的应用文, 如果教师在课堂教学中一味照本宣科, 不会因材施教, 不切和学生实际, 学生是难以融入课堂教学的。大量的实践证明, 只有学生对某门学科有了兴趣, 才会积极主动地学习。因此学生只有对应用文教学产生兴趣, 才能端正学习态度, 才能自觉、积极地接受写作知识和训练, 主动地提高应用文写作水平。

2.2 采用行为导向教学法指导学生有效学习

何为行为导向教学法?简而言之, 行为导向教学法是以学生行为的积极改变为教学的最终目标, 通过各种自主型的教学样式和共同解决问题的教学样式塑造学生认知、情感等方面的多维人格。遵循行为导向教学法的思想而发展的教学技术有下列几种:大脑风暴法、角色扮演法、案例分析法、项目教学法等。其教学组织形式根据学习任务的性质可以灵活变化。

在此, 举出一个采用行为导向教学法的实际案例进行分析。在教授《求职信》时, 为了调动学生学习的积极性与主动性, 激发学生的学习兴趣, 在教学中笔者适当调整了教学方法。根据教材与学生的实际, 笔者将重点讲解的是培养学生写作毕业应聘情境中的求职信。本课教学过程分为六个环节进行, 将用2 学时 (80 分钟) 完成。

在第一环节导入新课时, 首先给学生提出问题———要求职, 必然要面试, 面试要递交求职信, 那么求职信应该怎么写?由此引导学生进行思考, 激发学生重视写作求职信的兴趣。

接着进入第二环节———初创情境, 病文会诊。教师利用幻灯片向学生展示一份求职病文, 并通过学导式指导学生通过自学归纳出求职信的基本知识点。接下来把全班学生分成四组, 让学生带着改错任务进行现场修改病文, 教师在此期间进行点评并强调重要知识点。接着教师挑选出修改好的优秀作品进行展示, 通过病文、范文的前后对比, 使学生能够直观地明确求职信的写作要点、注意事项等。通过本环节建构“互动教学模式”, 让学生在练中学, 在学中记, 培养学生解决实际问题、语言表达, 团结协作等能力。

在第三环节———再创情境, 课堂演练中, 教师指导学生回顾前一节课理论精讲中求职信的基本知识点, 再一次强调写作求职信应该重点注意的地方。接下来教师利用幻灯片展示深圳富士康集团的招聘信息, 要求学生根据情境进行当堂写作。教师巡堂并进行写作指导。通过开展实训演练, 培养学生自主思考的能力, 将写作理论转化成写作操作能力。

接着进入第四环节———课外实训, 拓展延伸。教师将课前通过网络收集到的不同职位、不同行文风格的优秀求职信向学生展示, 为学生的写作积累素材, 开拓写作思路。同时提示学生网络上的求职信有很多是不合格的, 并指导学生如何判断哪些是可借鉴的求职信。通过本环节拓展学生的创造性思维能力, 让学生拥有收获的喜悦。

在第五环节———课堂总结中, 教师设置三个问题让学生思考并回答:一是本次课我们学习了什么知识;二是你在本次课中掌握了什么写作技能;三是这次课给你最深的体会是什么?通过三个问题, 不仅能检查本堂课学生学习的效果, 也可从侧面反映出教学环节的设置是否符合教学实际。

最后, 在课后作业布置中, 要求学生根据深圳富士康集团的招聘信息, 再次拟写一份规范、得体的求职信。通过本环节, 目的是让学生巩固所学的知识以及了解学生是否达到本课题的教学目标, 以便教师能及时调整教学中存在的不足。

本次课教授完成后, 教师根据本课题的教学实践以及学生完成的求职写作进行教学反思。总结出此教学方法达到的教学效果显著, 特别是学生能够在轻松愉快的教学情景中积极主动地学习, 因而学生的学习是有效学习。

3 行为导向教学法同样适用于其他常用应用文教学中

行为导向教学法不仅在教授日用文书《求职信》中适用, 在其他常用应用文教学中同样适用。例如, 笔者在教授公务文书《请示》时, 利用大脑风暴法、分组讨论法、粘贴板教学法等多种教学方法, 以开展小组竞赛、知识抢答等形式, 活跃课堂气氛, 引导学生自己归纳出请示的主要知识点, 教师再以点评指导, 最后让学生利用所学到的知识进行写作训练。通过这样的教学设计, 学生在课堂上真正的活跃了起来, 实现了学生在课堂中的主体地位。

综上所述, 在应用文教学中使用行为导向法, 不仅可以提高学生对应用文学习的兴趣, 还能培养学生的综合素质。因此, 在学习当中有一通百通的作用, 能让学生对所要学习的知识进行有效的学习、应用, 甚至是创新。

摘要:应用文教学是中职语文教学的重要组成部分, 而应用文写作则是毕业生必备的工作能力之一。教学实践证明利用行为导向教学法可以提高中职生的应用文写作能力, 因此, 本文以《求职信》为例, 论述如何采用行为导向法培养学生的应用文写作能力。

关键词:中职生,应用文,行为导向法,写作能力

参考文献

[1]吴晓辉.应用写作教学之困境及对策探讨[J].写作教学, 2008, 7.

3.英语应用文写作要领 篇三

1. 有明确的读者对象。应用文都有明确特定的读者对象。

2. 有比较固定的格式。根据不同的写作内容和任务,不同的应用文有不同的、相对稳定的格式和行文方式。

下面,结合高考英语书面表达的要求,简要地介绍上述几种应用文的格式及写作要领。

一、 通知

通知分为口头通知和书面通知两种。

1. 口头通知

【格式】

(1) 称呼语。称呼语通常需根据听众的具体情况来确定。如在比较正式且男女听众兼有的场合,通常用Ladies and gentlemen 来称呼听众。如果在非正式场合,则比较随便,可以说Everyone。对学生用的称呼语通常是Boys and girls。

(2) 过渡语。在做口头通知时,通常要先将听众的注意力吸引过来,而后再做通知。常使用的过渡语有:

May I have your attention,please?

Attention please. I have an announcement to make.

Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.

I have something (important) to tell you.

I’m glad to tell you something important.

(3) 正文。即通知的内容。

(4) 结束语。口头通知的结束语通常为:That’s all. Thank you.

2. 书面通知

【格式】

(1) 标题。书面通知要在正文的正上方写上Notice或大写NOTICE。

(2) 正文。即通知的内容。

(3) 落款。书面表达要表明出通知的时间和单位名称。时间放在正文的左下角,单位名称则放在右下角。

【要领】

(1) 书面通知较之口头通知所使用的句式要复杂些。书面通知可以将若干的信息通过一个句子表达出来,而口头通知则可以分为几个句子表达。如:

(2) 通知是要告诉大家即将进行的活动,因此其主要时态是一般将来时。

(3) 为避免命令之嫌,通知中常采用被动语态或“please + 祈使句”表示要求。如:

All teachers are requested to meet in the school meeting room at 4 p.m. on Friday to celebrate Teachers’ Day. Please be there on time.

【范例】

口头通知:

May I have your attention?

We will visit the Summer Palace on Wednesday,May 4th. It is the largest well-kept royal park in China. So I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. Please be on time at the hotel gate at 6:10 on Wednesday morning.

That’s all. Thank you.

书面通知:

Notice

Next Monday Professor Fan from Liaoning University will give us a lecture on how to learn a foreign language well in the meeting hall. The lecture will begin at 8:00. Please gather at 7:45 in front of the classroom building. Everyone is requested to take a notebook to take notes. After the lecture,we will have a talk.

Mar 3rd,2010 Students’ Union

二、 日记

【格式】

1. 日期、天气。日记正文左上方标明写日记当天的日期,右上方则写天气状况。

2. 正文。正文包括所记载的事情及对此发表的感想或评论。

【要领】

1. 日记以第一人称来写。

2. 日记多是在当天晚上来叙述当天发生过的事情,因此动词时态常使用过去时。但在进行景物、人物描写、发表见解、对话引语等时要使用现在时态。

3. 记事结束后要对所记之事发表自己的感想或评论,否则日记就成了流水账。

【范例】

Tuesday,Nov. 15th Fine

Today we began to receive a one-week military training. It was very cold and our military instructor,who is a twenty-year-old young PLA man,was very strict with us. But we tried our best to do what we were told to in high spirits and every one of us looked like real soldiers.

After the training,we were a little tired,but we felt very happy.

三、 书信

【格式】

1. 称呼,即对收信人的尊称,如:Dear John,Dear Mr. Tom,Dear Miss Liu等。

2. 正文,即信件的主要内容。

3. 信尾客套语,即写信人对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely; Yours sincerely; Friendly;Yours等。

4. 信尾签名,即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。

【要领】

1. 注意正文的开头。

一般地说,书信是写给家人、朋友、笔友等熟人,或某报刊杂志的编辑、某公司的经理等陌生人的。如果是写给熟人的书信,就无需将“书面表达”背景材料中用以确定写作身份的材料表达出来。可以首先做一番寒暄,而后向书信的主题过渡。但如果是写给陌生人的信件,则需要做自我介绍,再向主题过渡。如:

2. 注意说话的口吻。

写给熟人、同辈的书信与写给长辈、上级、陌生人的书信所使用的口吻应该是有差异的。写给前者的信语言可以直白些,而写给后者的信在口吻上要注意客气、委婉。如:

3. 注意正文的结尾。

将“书面表达”所规定的要点表达清楚后,正文需要一个恰当的结尾。如果书信是向对方提出自己的建议,则可以以I hope my advice is useful for you或I hope you could take my advice等结尾。如果书信是介绍你所居住的地方的变化、旅游景点等,则可以以I hope to see you here and I’m sure you will enjoy yourself结尾。如果是一封应聘信,则可以以If I get this job,I’ll do my best to do it well. Looking forward to your reply等结尾。总之,结尾要紧扣书信的主题和目的,同时注意语言要简练。

【书面表达练习】

假如你是Tom,你从父亲给你的来信中得知,由于他天天忙于工作而忽略了健康问题,对此你十分担忧。请你以此为话题,并结合提示给他写一封信。词数:80-100。提示:

1. 要走路去上班,而不是开车或坐车;

2. 每周至少锻炼一次,比如打球;

3. 饮食要健康;

4. 不要工作太晚,要早休息。

One possible version:

Dear Dad,

Glad to get your letter. But from it I know you’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your health. I’m worried about it. I’d like to give you some suggestions. I hear walking is the best sport. Your company isn’t far from home,is it? Why not walk to the office? You’d better take exercise at least once a week,such as playing basketball. What’s more,it’s necessary to have healthy food. Try not to stay up too late. Having enough sleep can help your brain work better.

Dad,please accept my advice. I really wish you health!

Yours,

4.商务英语中文求职信写作 篇四

商务英语专业的毕业生在求职时如何写求职信?为了方便大家,以下给各位整理出一份商务英语求职信范文,仅供各位参考,希望大家从中找到求职信写作技巧。

Dear Sir,In response to your advertisement in the newspaper of January 15, I wish to apply for the position of(secretary, accountant, lerk, salesman, etc).I am twenty-five years old and a graduate of ____ college.My experience in this line of work includes six years as an assistant accountant with the ABC Company.The reason for leaving my present employment is because they are closing their office.I am enclosing my resume together with my photo, and believe that they may be found satisfactory.With respect to salary, I shall expect HK$5,000 a month.I assure you that if appointed, I will do my best to give your satisfaction.Very truly yours,

5.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇五

》考研英语书信写作中辞职信的写作方法和道歉信有着异曲同工之处。辞职信的目的也是向收信人表明歉意,请求对方谅解自己的离开。辞职信通常包括以下内容:表示歉意;表明离开的.理由。

写辞职信的语言要诚挚,解释的理由要真实,不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的辞职信不仅会取得对方的理解,还会增进彼此的感情,为以后可能的合作打下坚实的基础。在写作过程中,一定要尽可能提供比较合理的理由。

辞职信开头常用句式:?

This is to inform you that I intend to resign from my current potion.

I am writing to inform you about my decision of resignation.

I feel very sorry for having to give up my position as...

I feel reluctant to give up my present job, but I...

I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as...

辞职信结尾常用句式:?

I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Thank you for your caring and consideration in these several years’ working.

I would appreciate it if you would accept my resignation before...

Thank you very much for offering me the opportunity to work with the outstanding staff here.

6.商务应用英语求职信 篇六

首先感谢你能为一个平凡的毕业生抽出宝贵的时间来阅读求职信!

我毕业于XX学院商务应用英语专业,但可以流利地和讲英语的人以及说日语的人沟通。学业之余,我专攻新闻学,自以为取得优异的成绩,曾经打算报考中国人民大学的研究生,而且意志非常坚定,但终因家庭原因而无奈地放弃。此外,我还自修过经济学、社会学和法学,兴趣广泛,无不涉猎。我大学期间的业余时间大多在图书馆度过,尤其常去报刊阅览室,熟悉各种报纸,特别喜欢评论与特写。

假期,我与同学一直参加过社会调查,而且每次都要写出调查报告;我做过广告公司的业务员,与老板经理常打交道;拉过赞助,策划过文娱活动;做过小报记者;搞过宣传。

我没有名牌大学的学历,也不是什么硕士博士,在学校期间更不曾评优获奖,但我有自己的爱好与追求。除修完自己的学业,我还大量阅读书籍以及参加社会实践,对自己充满信心,对生活充满热情,请求贵公司给我一次机会,让我的业绩证明我的能力,并用我特有的能力创造应有的效益。

希望贵公司能够接纳我,投入我的执著与努力,共同为美好的明天谱写辉煌的诗篇。

此致

敬礼

求职人:XXX

7.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇七

近年来, 随着教学课程的多元化改革, 社会对人才的要求也较高, 对待英语这门课程来讲, 不仅关注学生的学习能力, 而在写作方面同样的重视。然而对于英语的写作标准能力而言, 也是大多学生所头疼的一件事, 推动过程写作教学不仅是锻炼学生的写作能力也是提高学生综合素质的有效教学方式。

一、英语教学的改革

过程式写作教学是教师在教学方面新型研究出来的一种教学方式, 在教学写作应用过程中, 一步步完善改进, 使英语这门课程在教学上进一步得到更好的发展。让大多数学生更积极的去学习英语, 认识到英语的重要性, 更热爱英语这门学课。

二、“过程写作”法对高中生学习的好处

“过程写作”法是教师在英语教课中以写作为中心的一种教学英语的方法, 让学生在学习中对英语的另一种见解, 从中尽情的发挥他们的语言能力及写作水平。教师从中观察学生对知识面的理解及语法的应用思考能力, 激发学生丰富的想象力。

三、当前高中英语教学问题和不足

1.学生学习英语存在问题。通过调查研究可以发现, 现在的高中英语教学过程中依然普遍存在一些问题和不足, 导致学生主动开展英语的创作和学习兴趣不高, 英语写作的积极性不强, 普遍对英语没有热情。但是, 当前全球化的进程有目共睹, 日新月异、不断发展, 各行各业对英语人才的要求越来越高, 需求越来越大, 而一个人的英语写作水平又是他英语能力高低的一个显著标志。那么如何才能让学生真正认识英语重要性就成为英语教师头疼的问题。经多层教学理念更新, 总结出“过程写作”教学法, 这一方法可以有效的提高英语写作在高中教学中的质量, 进而有效的提高学生喜爱英语课的程度。

2.高中英语教学在写作上存在的不足。现在高中教学存在教学单调, 英语教材中关于写作的部分素材较为单一和陈旧, 高中教材中多为课文的阅读和对单词以及语法等知识的训练, 而就学生写作能力的提高相关训练却非常少, 并且在教学过程中并没有把英语的写作能力当做系统培养一个重点来练习。这就直接导致了英语教师注重学习却忽视实践, 让学生的知和概括能力无法得到很好地发展, 学习语法上效果不明显。其实写作是高中英语教学的难点和重点, 在实际的教学中, 教师往往为之投入了大量的时间与精力, 学生收获却不是很明显, 学生们在进行写作练习的时候, 还是会出现很多结构语言性的障碍, 部分学生甚至无法摆脱“中文式英语作文”的陋习, 在教学成效上显得不明显。而“过程写作”的出现, 可以使教师有效找到学生写作过程中的薄弱之处, 进行针对性的训练, 学生的学习效果极佳。

四、教师的教学目标

在英语写作练习中, 教师的训练目标大多数是考察文章中是否能够正确的运用语法和词汇量掌握, 关注作品中修辞是不是完善, 恰恰忽视了对学生表达思维的关注。可以这么说, 传统的考试制度由于考察内容单一而限制学生创造发挥的空间, 而教师对结果的重视要远高于对英语写作过程重视。

1.教学中“过程写作”的应用。现在教师在教学方面应利用教材为例, 让教材上的文章作为教学的代表性, 教师在训练学生进行阅读理解的同时, 也要阐述对本文的学习观点, 引导学生的创新思考能力, 发表更多的见解, 从中更好的对知识的吸收, 发现不足、不断进步。

2 . “过程写作”的应用价值。通过实践与研究结果证实, “过程写作”对于高中英语教学写作水平的提高具有很大应用价值。这种方法一方面体现出认知和实践协同发展的理念, 这种教学方法在学生的思维和观点得到充分发挥, 同时也对学生开始英语之前的构思提出要求, 先要规划出作品的整体思路, 然后进行写作和后期适当的修改, 这就是以学生为中心的英语教学要求的体现。

3.英语教学中“过程写作”效果。“过程写作”利于培养独立思考能力, 激发创造力, 让教师在教学中了解学生的学习程度, 也能在这个过程中观察到学生的认知发展与语言学习能力的变化情况, 更好地进行英语教学。“过程写作”教学能够提高学生的英语写作能力, 培养学生学习英语的积极性, 提高写作热情, 实现积极教学观念及学生对英语学习的热忱度。

总结:“过程写作”在高中英语写作教学中的应用在许多高中英语课堂教学中也取得了较好的反响。“过程写作”在高中英语写作教学的应用很好地提高了高中生的英语写作水平和语言的表达能力。学生能在这个过程中看到自身水平的进步, 有利于英语能力的综合提高, 在教学成果上有显著成效。

摘要:过程写作法是一种新型的教学方法, 是学生在学习英语课程中对写作能力及语言水平的一种提升教学方式。过程写作教学法现在高中教学中应用普及, 这种新型教学法不仅让学生在英语水平方面得到提高也激发学生的创造性和发散性思维, 更是教师在英语写作教学中必须要解决的重要问题之一。

关键词:过程写作法,写作教学,应用思路

参考文献

[1]李梦卿.双师型教师培养制度研究[D].湖北工业大学, 2012.

[2]崔铁刚.天津市加强师资队伍建设的历程与思考[J].中国职业技术教育, 2007.

8.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇八

【关键词】高中英语;过程写作;应用

所谓过程写作,就是强调以实际应用为最终目的,以学生为主体,以教师为指导的一种更符合高中英语新课标要求的写作教学。在高中英语教学中,写作是其重要环节,而结果教学法是高中英语教学中传统的作文教学模式,老师将大量英语写作范围提供给学生,并由教师来分析与讲解这些范文,要求学生根据范文模式写作,写作完成后由教师批改与打分。结果教学法使得学生在学习英语时始终为被动状态,写作思路受到限制,缺乏自由创作思维能力。但是在教学中对过程写作法的推进与实施,能够保证学生的写作兴趣与写作能力得到充分发挥,在写作时变被动为主动,使学生创新思维能力得以全面拓展。下面本文就对“过程写作”法在高中英语写作教学中的应用进行详细探讨。

一、过程写作在高中英语写作教学中实施流程

1.分组讨论

学生开始写作前,英语教师可为学生多提供些写作体裁与写作题目,将学生进行四人一组的划分,并相互讨论,以最终确定写作题目。之所以让学生自己选择写作题目,其目的就是让学生能够写作自己感兴趣或者比较擅长的题目,并在交流时各抒己见,集思广益。

2.初稿写作

初稿写作要求学生要根据自己的写作提纲,对英语文章进行初步创作。因为英语写作思路具有灵活性,所以,学生科展开想象,对自己英语写作内容予以完善。

3.学生互评

学生在完成写作后,英语教师先不对其评阅。可由四人小组作简单互评,这样,学生在对同学写作问题及错误予以指出的同时,还能够学习对方写作技巧及方法。

4.教师评阅

学生互评后,英语教师可认真评阅学生写作内容,对学生在文章中所出现的语法错误、语句错误以及单词拼写错误进行更正,专业评阅学生写作,同时指出学生写作不足及缺憾。

5.最终定稿

学生对学生与教师给予的建议与问题进行综合,并作针对性修改,学生也可对自己在写作时所存在的错误与问题进行审视,尽可能防止类似问题再次发生。

二、过程写作在高中英语写作教学中的有效应用

1.过程写作要具备全面系统写作框架

作为灵活多变英语写作教学方法,过程写作使得英语教学内容更为完善。英语教学过程中,教师可组织学生分组训练与讨论,通过互评方式来提高学生写作能力。然而,此方法仅为一种教学形式,目的就是能够让学生对过程写作达成一种意识。不能对实施步骤进行完全性依靠,其主要因素是学生写作内容不会完全根据此写作方式进行。教师必须采用此训练方式形成学生独到的英语创作思路。因此,在英语写作教学中,一定要对学生能够全面完整的搭建英语写作框架进行培养,让其对自己写作方向与计划予以确定。比如:在社会发展进程中,环境问题逐渐成为人们关注的话题。工厂气体排放、汽车尾气以及河流污染等都对人们生产与生活造成严重影响,然而,作为一名合格公民,所有人都有义务与责任对那些对环境造成破坏的行为进行遏制。根据以上内容,创作一篇不限词数的文章。

依照以上内容,学生在写作前,必须要形成一个系统全面的写作框架。第一段描述现阶段环境中所存在的问题,以及所产生问题的原因;第二段具体说明保护环节所采取的措施。第三段主要作整篇文章的总结。

2.过程写作要具备精炼清晰的英语写作语句

在高中英语写作中巧妙运用过程写作法,前面有了体系与框架,学生就能根据此框架来写作。因为高中英语语法通常较为繁杂,而且单词也存在一定难度,所以在写作时并不仅限于英语写作内容,写作内容还对单词与语句提出更高要求,而且高中英语不同于初中英语语句那样简单易懂,高中英语要求对单词与语法进行充分运用,并将一些较为新颖的单词融入进去,以达到润色文章的效果,不断提高自己英语写作水平,具体内容可分析以下实例,并加以说明:例一:Nothing is more adj than to do sth. Nothing is more important than to study hard.(没有任何事比学习更重要)。

例二:An advantage of (doing) sth is that-clause. An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create any pollution .(对太阳能进行使用的最大优势就是它不会污染环境)。

3.过程写作需要学生掌握英语基本写作模式和技巧

在进行高中英语写作教学中,需要积极引导学生对英语不同写作格式和题材进行掌握和了解,在对英语每个单元学习过程中,其都将会出现不同的写作要求和训练重点,其中在高中初级阶段,关于英语写作方式主要就是书信和记叙文,随之会逐渐要求学生对议论文等不同写作形式进行训练,那么在目前这一形势下,在高中实施英语教学过程中,就需要逐步引导学生对不同的英语写作模式进行掌握,并且能够依照不同题材进行不同风格的英语写作,对学生实施有计划、有步骤的英语写作教学。

学生有了对英语写作模式和文体的了解,再加上有了相应的写作素材后,还不能保证写出来的就是好文章。这就需要对他们进行一些相应的写作技巧训练。在进行英语训练中,要注重对各种英语句型的灵活运用进行训练,其中包括分词短语、复合句、长短句、强调句、介词短语等的相互搭配使用,尽可能的避免一篇文章中所采用的为一个句式,这样可以对文章句式的单调性进行避免。同时还要学会使用不同的关联词语,例如一些转折性词语(after all、however、nevertheless以及but等);总结性短语(finally, at last,in brief, in a word,in short等);表递进词语(furthermore,besides, then, moreover);还包括一些对比性词语(on the other hand, in the same way以及just as等)。最后也要学会采用一些固定搭配或者谚语等对同一句话的意思进行表达。

三、结语

总之,现阶段,我国高中英语教学在写作教学的方法及理念等方面还存在一些问题,对《英语课程标准》的实施及英语写作改革的效果产生一定影响。所以对高中学生的英语写作能力予以加强是目前我国高中英语教学改革的目标之一。很多同行近些年将过程写作坚持运用于英语写作教学中,效果非常显著。由此可见,只要对过程写作进行灵活科学运用,就能达到提高学生英语写作水平的效果。

参考文献:

[1]汪汝萍.高中英语“注重过程写作教学模式”的课堂运用[J].考试周刊,2012(17):164-165

[2]刘艳荣.“过程写作”在高中英语写作教学中的应用分析[J].语数外学习(英语教育),2013(8):114-115

[3]高霞.高中英语“过程写作教学法”有效实施策略[J].考试周刊,2010(9):69-70

作者简介:

9.英语写作考研应用文 篇九

一.私人信函

范文1(朋友出国,问候他)Directions: One of your best friends, Mary, moved to another city a few days ago.Write a keepintouch letter to her, telling her you missed her, asking how she is going on, and introducing the latest information about yourself.Write in no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Lily instead.Dear Mary,You’ve been on my mind a lot the past few days;I have been missing you so much.Now I feel it was time to sit down and write.Are you settled in yet? Have you met any of your new friends? Things are not a piece of cake for you in a new place.It seems as if you’ve been gone forever.One sad fact about human nature is that we don’t seem to appreciate what we have till it’s gone.That’s how I’m feeling now.So much has happened since you left;I have been to the police station once, because my wallet was stolen on the bus.And I had to prepare for the CET six, I feel extremely exhausted these days.Fortunately, the exam is over, so I get time to write to you.Be sure to write soon.I’m eager to hear from you.Affectionately,Lily

范文2(阿姨送礼,感谢她)

Directions: Your aunt subscribed 21st Century for you as a present.Write a letter to your aunt, expressing your thankfulness, telling her how you like it.Write in no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Ella instead.Dear aunt,Thank you very much for the subscription to订阅 21st Century for me.I have received the latest edition by post mail.Someone must have told you that it is my favorite newspaper;and of course, you know it is very helpful for me to enlarge my vocabulary and enhance my reading comprehension through reading English newspapers.Every week the arrival of a new copy will mean new studying projects to me, and seeing the newspaper will remind me of your kind love.You couldn’t have chosen a better present for me.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Ella 二.邀请信

范文

Directions: You want to invite Mr.Williams to give a lecture on “American literature” in your college.Supposed you are the assistant of the English department, write a letter and say:

1)the purpose of the invitation.2)the time of the lecture.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Linda instead.Dear Mr.Williams,I am writing on behalf of the English Department(代表校英语系)to invite you to give a lecture in our college.We know that you are an expert on American literature.As English majors, our students would like to know something about American literature.We would be very grateful if you could give a talk on “Contemporary American Literature” to students of the English Department on Saturday, June 4.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.We have already had several very interesting talks from some distinguished visitors from various countries and we look forward early to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Yours truly,Linda 三.感谢信

范文

Directions: While your family was on vacation, your friend, Cathy looked after your dog, smart.Now you came back, write a letter to her to show your gratitude.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Emily instead.Dear Cathy,I am writing to express our heartfelt thanks for taking good care of Smart(狗名)while we were on holiday.He was such a happy dog when we got home;we knew he must have had lots of loving attention.When we used to pick up from the kennel(寄存中心)he would whimper(难过)and carry on for hours.You not only saved us some money, you also spared us the worry of how he was doing while we were away.Your kind help is very much appreciated, not only by smart, but also by our whole family as well.Yours truly,Emily

四.道歉信

范文

Directions: one of your pen friends, John, will be visiting your city.However, for some reasons, you can not meet him at the airport on time.Write a letter asking to wait for you at the airport and tell him how to recognize you.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Alice instead.Dear John,I am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city.After all these years of writing to each other, I can not wait to see you.However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time.The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest I can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land.Will you please wait for me in the arrival lounge(旅客休息室)? You can have breakfast while you wait.By the way, as we have never met I must tell you home to identify me: I am of 165cm tall and have a long hair.In addition, I will wear a white skirt and carry a China Daily at hand.Hope we can meet soon.Sincerely yours,Alice

五.祝贺信

范文

Directions: Your friend Jack has got his master’s degree.Write a letter to show your congratulations.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Wang Li instead.Dear Jack,Heartfelt congratulations on your graduation from the Graduate School.I have good reasons to feel proud of you.I know the degree of master meant many years of assiduous study 勤奋学习and hard work.Now you have come through with flying colors and high honors胜利而光荣地.I have heard of your excellent record in research and extracurricular activities课外活动.In this you took the right road to emerge as a fully-developed young man to society.I take pride in your achievements and avail myself of this opportunity to extend to you my best wishes for your success and happiness.Yours sincerely,Wang Li

六.介绍信

范文

Directions: one of your friends Mary Brown is going to enter Mr.Johnson’s school after her graduation.Write a letter to Mr.Johnson to introduce her.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Emma instead.Dear Mr.Johnson,I take great pleasure in introducing Mary Brown one of my classmates and best friends to you.She is going to pursue her education as a postgraduate in your university after her graduation here.She and I had lived and studied together for four years.No friend deserves so much love and respect as she does.Now that we have finished our study here we had to part with each other.Will you please give her some guidance in regard to the entrance examination? Any information you can provide, as well as your introduction for him to meet the future tutor shall be appreciated very much.Yours truly,Emma 七.申请信

范文

Directions: You want to apply for a job as a personal secretary to the general manager of a company.Write a letter to the Human Resources Department of that company offering your services.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Anita instead.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a personal secretary to the general manager.I am fully confident that I am the right person for the job.I know that my future boss have lots of work each day, however, it is exactly the challenge inherent in my perspective job that attracts me and makes me to submit(投递)this application to you.I have worked as the private secretary in an insurance company for two years and gained many experiences.I believe my qualifications and work experiences will combine to produce an excellent work performance.I would like to meet you to discuss the possibility of working in your company at a continent time.I can be reached at 8976-5678.Thank you for considering my application.Please contact me at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Anita

八.建议信

范文

Directions: Your local library intends to improve its service and facilities.As a regular library use, please write a letter to the chief librarian, offering your suggestions.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead.Dear Sir or Madam,I am glad to hear that the library is to take some measures to improve its service and facilities.So I am writing to offer my proposals.(建议)

We all know that libraries play a vital role in the education and entertainment of the general reader.In my opinion, our library should do its best to purchase the latest publications as well as make sure that it has a full set of classical and reference works.Another important facility I suggest is the Internet via computers(电子图书馆).In this way, the library will expand its services to a larger number of readers.All in all, I think a library should take all necessary measures to keep up with the times.I will highly appreciate your consideration of my proposals.Yours sincerely,Donna 九.投诉信

范文

Directions: You found something wrong with the telephone bill you have received from the local post office.You made a call to inquire about this;however the person who answered the call was very rude.Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the post office, explaining the situation and giving your suggestions for improvement.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead.Dear Sir,I am writing to let you know the deplorable(可叹的)attitude of one of your staff member.I received my telephone bill for the previous month from you and thought there were some errors in calculation: I had been overcharged for two overseas calls.国际长途费用

However, when I called your Complaints Department, the girl who answered my phone was very rude.For one thing she interrupted me continually, for another she even said that the fault was my own.Needless to say, such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable.I would like to suggest that the girl in question should be disciplined, and instructed on the proper way to deal with clients.And I hope she can make formal apology to me.An early response will be appreciated.Sincerely yours,Donna 十.咨询信

范文

Directions: You are going to study at a foreign university.Write a letter inquiring about the specific information as regards accommodation, fees and qualifications there.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Li Hua instead.Dear Sir or Madam,I am a Chinese student who wishes to pursue further study at your university.I plan to start my course next semester, and it would be highly appreciated if you would provide me with some essential information.First, how much are the tuition fees? Though I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to know if there are any scholarships available for international students.Second, I wonder what qualifications I need to follow a course at your university, now I have got a master’s degree in a Chinese university, is it enough? Third, as regards to accommodations, if possible, I would like to have a single room, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.I am looking forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.贵校

Yours sincerely,Li Hua

十一.备忘录

范文

Directions: Someone put forward a proposal to adopt the “punch-in” system打卡考勤制度 in her memo in June 12, 2006.Write a memo备忘录 to her with the information below.Your memo should be in no less than 100 words.To: Mr.Brown manager of operations

From: Betty Green Supervisor

Subject: comments on the “punchin” system

Date: September 21

This is further to your memo dated back to June 12, 2006, in which you proposed that the employees adopt the “punch-in” system.I fully agree with you that we should take measures to increase the productivity工作效率 and that we would have a tighter control over the employees if the “punch-in” system is adopted.However, honestly speaking, I don’t think that adopting a tighter system will increase productivity.The most effective way to increase productivity, in my opinion, is to give the employees more incentives鼓励 to work.I think we could further discuss other possibility of achieving this goal.Your consideration of this suggestion would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Betty Green 十二.摘要

范文

Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 100 words.Student Rights---By Jeff Bakersfield

Who knows better than the students themselves what a university should do for them and how they should be treated? Yet how often do students have any say at all in such important issues as faculty selection, curriculum planning, and scheduling? The answer is obvious: never.If university administrations refuse to include student representatives in the decision-making process, something drastic must be done.Let’s examine what is happening right here on our own campus in the areas mentioned above.The first major issue is the selection of faculty members.Never in the history of this college has a student been permitted to interview, examine the credentials of, or even meet prospective professors.All hiring is done by a joint administrative-faculty committee, often made up of people who will not even have extensive dealings with the individuals after they begin teaching.Those who have the most at stake and whose lives and academic careers will be governed by the professorsnever even meet the new teachers until the first class meeting.No one is better equipped to evaluate a professor’s ability to communicate with students than those whom he or she intends to teach.Anyone can read curriculum vitae to ascertain the level of professional training and experience someone has had, but the best judges of a teacher’s ability to teach, which is the primary function of any professor, are undoubtedly the students themselves. 2005-8-13 2:39:46

Students’ interest in and commitment to appropriate curricula are even more obvious.We have come to college with very specific purposes in mind: to prepare ourselves intellectually and practically for the future.We know what we need to learn in order to compete successfully with others in our chosen fields.Why should we be kept out of the curriculum planning process? If we pay for the textbooks, spend hours in the library doing research, and burn the midnight oil studying for tests and exams, why are we not permitted to give our opinions about the materials we will spend so many hours studying? It is imperative that our views be made known to curriculum planners.Finally, the area of scheduling is of vital interest to students.The hours at which classes are offered affect the workings of our daily lives.Many of us must juggle work and class schedules, but often administrators ignore such problems when they schedule classes.Schedules must be convenient and flexible so that all students have equal opportunities to take the most popular classes and those which are most essential to their majors.If students helped with scheduling, never would there be two required courses offered at the same time for only one semester per academic year.Never would we have to wait two or three semesters to take a course that is a prerequisite for other desired courses, nor would we have to race across campus in ten minutes to get from one class to the next.Students are vitally concerned with the scheduling area.W004-5-27 22:15:08

In the 1960s and early 1970s, students were not too shy or fearful to demonstrate against the injustices they saw in the draft system and the Vietnam conflict.Why should students today be afraid to voice their opinions about the very important issues that affect their very lives? It is imperative that students act to protect their own rights.Fellow university students, I urge that you meet together and draw up demands to be presented to the administration.We must take the future in our own hands, not be led to it like passive sheep.Let us act now so that we will not be sorry later!

Summary(摘要)

In his essay, Student Rights, Jeff Bakersfield stated that students had the right to be involved in university administrative decisions.Using the current situation on his own college campus as an example, he emphasized that students should be included in decisions regarding selection of faculty, curriculum planning, and scheduling of classes.He pointed out that students not only had more vital interests in the decisions made in these areas than those who traditionally settle the issues, but that they were also better equipped through their experiences as students to make intelligent decisions about them.Bakersfield concluded by stating that it was crucial for students to become actively involved in protesting unilateral administrative decisions and proposed that they meet to discuss their mutual interests and demands.译文:

在学生的权利一文中,Jeff Bakersfield强调学生有权利参与学校行政决定的过程。他举了他所在学校作为例子,强调学生应该参与到员工招募、课程设置和课时安排等方面的决定。他指出学生对这些决定比那些做决定的人更感兴趣,另外,让他们做出关系切身利益的决定使他们更能成为好学生。Bakersfield 总结到学生应该主动要求打破原来单边决定模式,学生应该在一起讨论他们共同的兴趣和要求。

十三.报告

Directions: You are now preparing for your graduation paper on the advantage and disadvantage of electronic mail;write a progress report to your tutor telling him what you have done last week.Your report should be no less than 100 words.To: Professor Barbara Felton

From: James Green

Date: April 12, 2005

Subject: First progress report on research paper

This is the first of the two progress reports you asked me to submit about my research paper on the advantages and disadvantages of electronic mail.Last week, I gathered information from library materials and from an interview.Of the twelve references listed on my proposal, I found only nine, for others I will go to search in a larger library.As far as interview concerned, I had an extended interview with Mr.Moore of General Dynamics, who gave me some brochures as well as a copy of a report on electronic mail he wrote for General Dynamics-materials I hope to use in my paper.Starting tomorrow, I will begin organizing my paper.I will be able to submit a rough draft by the end of this month.Sincerely yours,James Green

译文

这是您要求我做的有关电子邮件的利与弊论文的两个进展报告中的第一篇。

上周我收集的资料主要来源于图书馆和采访。您建议的12本参考书,我只找到了9本,其他的我准备到大些的图书馆去找。

至于采访,我对研究基础动力学的摩尔先生进行了一次深入的采访。他给了我一些介绍,同时还有一份他写的关于电子邮件的报告,我打算放到我的论文中。

从明天开始,我要开始组织我的论文。在月底应该可以将草稿给您看。

10.考研英语 应用文写作(致歉信) 篇十

致歉信必须写得坦诚,表达出真心的歉意。

Directions :

Suppose you have accepted Mr. Zhang?s invitation to dinner, but you have to change your plan for some reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Zhang,

It was very kind of you to invite me to dinner in your house the day after tomorrow and I originally accepted it with great pleasure. But now, much to my regret that I may not be able to keep my promise because my sister was injured in a car accident and I must look after her in the hospital for several days.

The accident happened suddenly and all my family are now busy dealing with it and caring for my sister. So I don’t think I will have the time to go to the dinner and even if I go, I am afraid I will hardly be in a cheerful mood, which may spoil the party.

I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying the perfect dishes with friends. Besides, please give my regards to Mr. and Mrs. Rogers when they come to dinner.

Sincerely yours,

11.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇十一

[关键词]高中英语写作教学过程写作

[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058(2016)240048

高中英语教学主要由听说读写四部分构成,其中写作技能较为重要。随着教育改革的兴起,过程写作在高中英语教学中逐渐流行开来,学生采用这种方法进行写作训练,大大提高了其对英语的理解和运用能力。通过过程写作,学生可以将写作的各个技能进一步完善,从而提高自身的写作水平。

一、认识写作教学,了解过程写作

过程写作注重的是英语写作的过程,将英语写作分为几个阶段,学生通过完成各个训练任务从而完善英语写作的技能,提高写作水平。在高中英语教学中,虽然教师比较注重教学方式,但在英语写作中还是存在一定的问题。教师和学生都把写作的重点放在语法和词汇上,对其他方面并不在意。过程写作与成果写作是有着本质差别的,过程写作注重的是写作的想法与思路和后期的评价及修改,教师通过批改学生作文的过程了解到学生不同的需求。再根据学生存在的问题,对他们进行有针对的训练,指导学生正确地使用语言,对学生的英语写作技巧和运用各种学习策略的能力有一定的促进。

英语写作并不是一蹴而就的,需要反复练习,在高中英语学习中,需要教师和学生一起努力。教师要帮助学生掌握写作细节和写作技巧,在写作过程中注意对材料信息的收集和整理,对写作题目进行讨论交流、教师还需对作文进行评价,最后进行作品展示。学生要注重写作过程的练习,阅读更多的英文材料得到大量的信息,为写作打下良好的基础。过程写作在调动学生积极性的前提下提高了学生的写作水平,有效地激发了学生的创造力,提高了教学质量。

二、找出写作问题,完善写作过程

有的教师为了提高学生考试成绩,进行考前突击,让学生在短时间内做大量的作文练习,不考虑作文的体裁和内容,教师在短时间内来不及讲评,最后直接把答案给学生。这导致学生在训练过程中出现的问题得不到解决,教师没有充分注重写作的过程,不了解写作是发展学生思维和表达信息的主要手段,同时也是语言创新的主要空间。部分教师没有写评语的习惯,殊不知评语能进一步拉近师生之间的关系,可以激发学生的潜能,让学生爱上写作。高中的写作类型比较单一,高考试题的写作形式历年不会发生很大的变动,加上书面表达只占25分,这些都是导致学生不注重写作的原因,从而引起英语教学质量低下,达不到预期的教学目标。

有些学生初中时基础不好,到高中后跟不上英语教学进度,学习越来越困难,就放弃了英语这门课程。但为了提高高考成绩,高三进行大量的补习,将较多的时间放在攻克单词短语和阅读理解上,根本没时间进行写作训练。就连英语成绩较好的学生在写作方面也有一定的欠缺,由于平时缺乏写作指导,学生对写作的体裁、主题、段落结构都不熟悉,加上平时不注重写作练习,很难写出好的作品。学生词汇量缺乏、用词不当、句型错误、语法错误,内容粗制滥造、题材不当、主题不明、逻辑混乱。这时就需学生根据自身的薄弱项进行强化练习,通过练习提高自己的英语写作能力。

三、注重方法特点,确立写作观念

在进行高中英语写作时,也有一定的要求。主要强调体裁、语言、技能,体裁主要包括便条、书信、通知、图文转换等等,要求语言恰当,语意连贯。这时就需要教师注重英语写作的方法与特点,比如教《通知与海报》的写作时,在写作之前教师告诉学生不要拘泥于固有的写作格式,事先打好草稿,这样学生在写作时可以将自己的写作思路和写作内容清晰地展现在试卷上。教师还可通过举办英语活动来增强学生学习英语的主动性,同时增强学生的词汇量。例如在写What is your dream school life like时,教师安排小组学生进行讨论,让学生对写作材料分析和构思,同时将自己的想法表达出来。在这种方式下,学生各抒己见,课堂氛围活跃,既锻炼了思维能力,又丰富了写作内容,教师在一旁进行指导,将重要词汇让学生记录下来,帮助学生进一步整理写作思路。

在过程写作中,还应注重写作的评价。评价不止局限于教师进行评价,学生之间可以进行相互评价和自我评价,在评价的过程中,学生会发现其他人的错误,自己也会引起注意,取长补短,完善写作技巧,拥有正确的写作理念。可以将教师由原来的讲解者、评判者转化为指导者、读者,学生通过参与、思考、互动等环节学会创造和表达的意义,让其在愉悦的氛围中轻松地将英语学好。

伴随着时代的发展,英语在我们的生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。过程写作恰好符合当代英语教学理论,对完善我国高中英语写作教学体系具有很强的借鉴价值。教师在进行过程写作教学时,应对学生做出有效的指导,转变原来的教学理念,帮助学生树立正确的写作观念。

12.考研英语 应用文写作(求职信) 篇十二

伴随着社会经济的变革与发展, 高职教育不断提出的人才培养模式和课程体系改革已取得了较为明显的成效, 然而传统的课程考核方式却未能跟上社会经济发展的步伐。传统课程考核存在的比较明显问题如: (1) 考试导向性不够良好, 课程考核大多是期末考试一次性完成, 学生和教师更多的关注考试的检测功能, 而忽视了能力的考察, 对学生的学习过程关注较少, 不仅教学效果受到影响, 也有悖于职业教育实用性的要求; (2) 高职毕业生在面对企业招聘时, 学生的学业知识成绩参考或形同虚设, 企业招聘更看重的是学生的职业素质和能力考查, 因此, 传统的评价与企业的招聘评价严重脱节。

2 课程考核改革的依据

2.1 理论依据

高职课程考核改革是高职教育出发点和归属点的导向所趋, 其理论依据有两点:

一是高职教育的培养目标。高职教育和本科教育强调学科性不同, 高职教育对于职业岗位 (群) 实际业务活动范围, 做出了明确的要求, 其培养目标是生产建设管理与社会服务第一线的实用型、技术性人才, 因此高职教育更应当侧重培养学生的工作过程训练, 以更强的职业针对性和技术能力适应社会人才市场的需求。

二是姜大源所提出的职业教育课程开发理论。工作过程系统化课程将课程知识结构进行了一定重构, 有利于知识和技能的整合, 过程性考核即在课本知识工作过程系统化重构中进行, 对每个工作进行考核。

2.2 现实依据

考核方式的科学、有效不仅能较为客观而又整体的评价学生, 更能调动学生学习的积极性, 使得学生更注重学习的过程。笔者认为课程考核的现实依据主要有三个需要, 一是应对社会变革的需要, 要求加强学生的职业素养和社会适应性;二是新时期和谐师生关系的需要, 师生多渠道沟通、交流方式和良好关系的建立, 以更好的提升教学效果;三是全面、客观的人才评价机制的建立与完善的需要, 改革传统考核重结果而不重学习过程的片面的评价方式。

3 工作导向的过程性考核的实施

3.1 传统课程考核改革的突破

改革传统课程考核可以从企业实际需求和关注学生学习过程寻找突破口, 第一, 从企业实际需求来改革考试内容, 既注重考察学生基本知识和技能, 又注重考察学生的综合能力和素养, 这就需要教师改变考试观念, 由过于注重知识记忆与再现到注重工作过程的评价, 可以将学习内容划分为“工作”模块 (此处所述“工作”并非真正的工作, 而是类似于实际工作的“演练”和“模拟”) , 每个工作的完成不仅仅是知识的训练, 更重要的是工作实施过程中的素养和技能的训练;第二, 考核应贯穿整个教学过程, 把终结性评价和形成性评价结合起来, 过程性考核可以有很多种方式进行, 如课堂提问、讨论、辩论、个人作业、小组作业等, 给学生更多的口头表达和文字综述的机会, 加强师生、生生间的交流, 活跃课堂, 提升教学效果。同时, 过程性考核也要采取多元化的评价手段, 将主要由教师评价转为有效结合学生自评、学生互评、技能考核、理论测验、成果展示、课堂观察, 有条件的还可以加入企业评价等。

3.2 编制过程性考核的工作设计

过程性考核注重工作过程的考核提升, 对知识考核的比重降低, 但并不是说不重视知识, 而是教师在实际操作中明白如何传授知识。传统知识教育是先呈现无形的符号 (如英语课堂, 单词、语法、句型便是无形的符号) , 工作导向的课程是先恰当的安排好情境任务, 让学生通过“行动”来学习能更有效地将无形的符号与实际工作过程结合。工作导向的课程将课程知识重新编排为多项可行动的情境化的工作, 以工作的完成情况作为过程性考核的核心, 强调学生的“行动”, 通过学生有形的“做”去增强对无形的知识符号的理解和技能的掌握。

本课程的教学重点是培养学生申请信、申请表的写作和填写, 以及外企尤其是文秘岗位为主的书面沟通能力, 在实施课堂内容教学时, 将这些重点环节依据工作情景来安排, 可以由教师或者学生小组来创设虚拟的外企, 组织学生个人或小组完成如求职信、简历、招聘、通知、备忘录、电子邮件、商务信函、商务报告、外贸订单等重点环节的具体工作。

3.3 工作导向的过程性考核的具体实施

过程性考核内容包括职业素养考核、知识考核、能力考核三个方面。职业素养考核包含考勤、课堂纪律2项考核内容;课程知识考核包含回答问题、听写2项考核内容;课程能力考核包含个人作业、小组作业2项考核内容。

过程性考核成绩评定公式为:课程综合评定成绩=素养考核成绩 (20%) +知识考核成绩 (20%) +能力考核成绩 (60%) 。

若素养考核中考勤项的出勤率低于40%, 则取消综合成绩, 直接进入下学期重修。综合成绩不合格者, 若素养考核成绩+知识考核成绩小于20分则直接进入下学期课程重修;大于等于20分者, 参加假期或下学期初的能力考核, 能力考核成绩+另两项成绩仍然不合格者进入重修。

课程成绩按百分制, 考核举例如表1。

在对学生的课程能力考核过程中, 提交工作可以根据课堂实际设定一定的弹性, 允许学生修订再评定此项工作的成绩, 比如商务报告这项工作, 安排为小组工作, 可以在学生选定调查内容完成初稿后, 由教师批阅, 给出指导意见, 学生再根据教师的指导意见在时间限制内完善, 以最终提交的商务报告作为此项工作的得分。在从完善工作的过程中, 可以增加组与组之间的互评, 鼓励学生多提出个人观点, 提升他们对工作和课堂的参与度。

每项工作完成后, 教师及时向学生反馈信息, 如等级或评价、指出不足或改进之处, 加强师生间的交流, 使学生通过工作加强对知识、技能的理解, 和对下一工作的期待。在评价过程中, 可增加学生自评和学生互评, 增强学生的自我监督和行动能力。

4 过程性考核实施过程的反思

通过过程性考核的实施, 我们发现, 学生对学习的兴趣、对“工作”的积极性较以往都有了显著的提高。以工作导向的课程考核遵循职业教育实用性的要求, 较传统的课程考核而言, 更符合企业的选材用材标准。

在英语应用文写作这门课程中, 工作导向的过程性考核不仅加强了知识和实际的联系, 训练了学生的职业素养, 也使得课堂更加丰富和活跃。对于追求学业成长的学生来说, 工作导向的过程性考核可以激发他们实施工作的热情和积极性, 在工作中查漏补缺, 弥补不足, 自觉学习完成工作所需的知识和技能, 追求下次工作更好的完成。因此, 对于这部分学生, 在每次完成工作之后都能有所收获。

然而对于只追求考试过关、及格的学生来说, 英语应用文写作过程性考核会比闭卷期末考试的压力更小, 在小组工作中也会偷懒和滥竽充数。想要“蒙混过关”的这部分学生会认为知识的学习不那么重要, 教师较难调动这部分学生学习的积极性。除了工作完成的最优和最差, 教师对学生在完成工作过程中的态度评判也较为困难, 教师可能会因对“应付态度”和“积极态度”的不充分了解而造成评判的不够客观。另外, 课堂能够给出的工作展现时间有限, 分给每个学生的时间就更少, 较多工作的完成是课下完成, 学生是否是独立完成工作, 教师很难做到全面监督。因此, 在对工作导向的过程性考核中, 教师对学生是否是独立完成个人工作、是否在小组工作中偷懒和滥竽充数以及学生的学习态度等方面的考核还应再完善, 避免过程性考核成为形式, 或为了考核而考核, 为了改革而改革, 从而更有效的发挥考核和评价人才的作用。

摘要:英语应用文写作作为高职应用英语专业实践性极强的一门专业课程, 其课程考核改革也应跟上社会经济发展的步伐, 为了更好的发挥课程考核的效果并提高教学效率, 除了理论探索, 更需要一线教育工作者在实践中的不断摸索。结合课程考核改革的理论和现实依据, 设置了该课程以工作导向的过程性考核。

关键词:过程性考核,工作导向

参考文献

[1]徐利谋, 蒋建平, 刘延庆.高职院校课程考核方式改革的研究与实践[J].考试周刊, 2011, (63) .

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