高一上学期的期末总结

2024-07-17

高一上学期的期末总结(精选8篇)

1.高一上学期的期末总结 篇一

“凤凰城里凤凰游,人自堤行江自流……衣牵石巷青如染,光映廊檐淡若浮……”无论走到哪里,总有人会铭记这个神秘而又美丽的凤凰——古城!

山里的人想远离家乡,去山外干一番事业;山外的人想隐居深山,去享受山里的恬静。

擦干车窗上的雾气,让顿时朦胧的世界变得清晰起来,蔚蓝的天空,零零散散,漂浮着大小不一的白云;绿油的山上,密密麻麻,孕育着高低不一的植物;山谷的小溪,弯弯曲曲,养育了一代又一代人,山里的世界真美。看!那梯田里的油菜花开了,瞧!那农家做饭的白烟,还有那碧绿的溪水,不禁令人心旷神怡!

还没有到古城,我的心便已沸腾起来!

宁静的早晨,优雅的沱江,林里的鸟声,江边的歌声,匆匆的赶路声……构成了一段优雅美妙的清晨协奏曲。

深呼吸,清凉的空气从鼻孔里进入肺部,令人陶醉其中。顺眼望去,江水清澈见底,木桥弯曲的横跨在江面上,过桥的人很少,他们走得很慢,正在悠闲的享受着这一切……

纤长的十指掠过黑白墙,王朝的更替,盛世的繁荣,战祸的纷扰,犹如电影般的在脑海闪过,站在古墙边哀叹岁月流逝,缅怀盛衰的变迁。

踏在古老的青石板上,一路上有很多商人吆喝着卖姜糖,血耙鸭,过路的游客都被那诱人的香味引了过去,细细的品味着……

导游的带领下,我们来到了《边城》作家沈从文的故居。古式的门,古式的书桌,古式的床,这些都是他曾用过的东西,遗憾的是,有些都感染了现代化风格,难以再看到它原本的模样。仿佛在朦胧里,我又看到沈从文戴着眼镜,坐在桌前,停下笔,手扶额头,皱眉踌躇的模样……

夜色里的古城,藏在灯火阑珊处,朦胧的薄雾,为古城披上了一层神秘的纱衣。“万寿宫外一宝塔,点缀古桥倒映佳。”它挂在夜空中,为迷路的人指引方向。沿着江岸,我们可以看到那些被岁月打磨却依然伫立的建筑,阅尽了古城风雨磨难;我们还可以听到酒吧里传出来的歌声,让过客停下了脚步,拍手叫好;江边的一些小摊位上的首饰数不胜数,廉价而又精巧,让那些少女见了喜不胜收。

古城如此多娇,引无数人来此弯腰。

怨时间无情,过得太快,马上就要作别古城,坐上车后,我依然忘不了美丽的湘西风情,满脑子都是沱江,青石板,古墙……并暗自在想,若还有机会,我一定要再来拜访风情万种的湘西,再来看看美丽的古城凤凰!

在岁月的轮回中,最难忘的就是你,即使灵魂已苍白,我始终追随你!

“相依石巷不思还,灯火昏黄暗远山……或知美景他乡好,须尽浮生数日闲……”任凭时光荏苒,我都会记得你——古城!

2.高一上学期语文期末检测试卷 篇二

1. 下列词语中加点的字,每组字读音完全相同的一项是()(3分)

A. 愀然/悄无声息 游弋/熠熠闪光

不屑一顾/舞榭歌台

B. 惆怅/一筹莫展 给予/济济一堂

少不更事/亘古不变

C. 熨帖/妥妥帖帖 斑斓/直栏横槛

桑梓之情/锱铢必较

D. 慰藉/声名狼藉 赭色/围炉煮茗

百无聊赖/聆听天籁

2.下列各句中,加点的词语使用恰当的一项是()(3分)

A.香港中文大学教授饶宗颐深受大众尊敬,媒体也不断给他扣帽子,冠以“当代国学大师”和“国际瞩目的汉学泰斗”称号。

B. 今年的元旦祝福短信一改往年的无声和黑白面孔,绘声绘色的彩信祝福受到广大手机用户的追捧和热爱。

C. 不管是惊世之作《阿凡达》掀起的全球3D风暴,还是CES展上那让人趋之若鹜的立体眼镜,无不展示着3D的魅力,预示着3D时代的来临。

D. 这一次的广州亚运会,复出的刘翔成为众人瞩目的焦点,而中国田径队的史冬鹏则是另一个保险,确保110米栏这块金牌成为中国田径队的囊中之物。

3. 下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()(3分)

A. 要改变美中贸易“失衡”,美国政府必须改弦更张,放弃对华歧视性经贸政策,真正把美中经贸关系放在平等、公平、公正、互利、互助的基础上。

B. 海南特大洪涝灾后抢险救援工作取得重大进展,国际媒体给予了高度关注,集中进行了报道,肯定了中国政府快速、高效的救援行动。

C. 中国第三大淡水湖太湖,在江苏省南部、浙江省北部,它不仅是全球重要生态区,更是我国重要的生态功能保护区,承担着调洪蓄水、调节气候、降解污染等多种生态功能。

D. 中国馆作为世博园内的热门场馆,平均每天接待4.5万名游客,最高峰为5.6万人次以上。预计到世博会闭幕时,中国馆游客接待总量可达915万。

4. 请各用一句话概括下面这则材料的中日方主要信息,不超过20个字。(6分)

据《纽约时报》报道,中国掌握着全球稀土元素近97%的份额,在出口的稀土中,镝和铽所占的比例超过99%。这两种元素对发展绿色能源技术和军事都有着非常重要的作用,堪称世界上“最隐秘却又最宝贵”的元素。9月以来外界便称中国停止对日出口稀土。日本经济产业大臣大畠章宏(Akihiro Ohata)在10月12日称中国对日的讲话中出口稀土矿物状况没有恢复正常。《日本经济新闻》也在10月12日的讲话中指出,中国稀土元素出口的大幅减少对日本企业的生产活动影响巨大。商务部部长陈德铭则是多次强调,中国官方没有禁运,但中国企业“自发感情”驱使下的行为“政府也不会干预”。

日方:

中方:

二、 文言文阅读(19分)

阅读下面的文言文,完成5~8题。

李梦阳,字献吉,庆阳人。弘治六年,举陕西乡试第一,明年成进士,授户部主事。迁郎中,格势要,构下狱,得释。

十八年,应诏上书,陈二病、三害、六渐,凡五千余言,极论得失。末言:“寿宁侯张鹤龄招纳无赖,罔利贼民,势如翼虎。”鹤龄奏辨,摘疏中“陛下厚张氏”语,诬梦阳讪母后为张氏,罪当斩。时皇后有宠,后母金夫人泣诉帝,帝不得已,系梦阳锦衣狱。寻宥出,夺俸。金夫人诉不已,帝弗听,召鹤龄闲处,切责之,鹤龄免冠叩头乃已。左右知帝护梦阳,请毋重罪,而予杖以泄金夫人愤。帝又弗许,谓尚书刘大夏曰:“若辈欲以杖毙梦阳耳,吾宁杀直臣快左右心乎!”他日,梦阳途遇寿宁侯,詈之,击以马棰,堕二齿,寿宁侯不敢校也。

孝宗崩,武宗立,刘瑾等八虎用事,尚书韩文与其僚语及而泣。梦阳进曰:“公大臣,何泣也?”文曰:“奈何?”曰:“比言官劾群阉,阁臣持其章甚力,公诚率诸大臣伏阙争,阁臣必应之,去若辈易耳。”文曰:“善”,于是梦阳属草。会语泄,文等皆逐去。瑾深憾之,矫旨谪山西布政司经历,勒致仕。既而瑾复摭他事下梦阳狱,将杀之,康海为说瑾,乃免。

瑾诛,起故官,迁江西提学副使。淮王府校与诸生争,梦阳笞校。后大理卿燕忠劾梦阳陵轹①同列,挟制上官,遂以冠带闲住去。

梦阳既家居,益跅弛②负气,治园池,招宾客,日纵侠少射猎繁台、晋丘间,自号空同子,名震海内。宁王宸濠者浮慕梦阳,尝请撰《阳春书院记》,宸濠反诛,御史周宣劾梦阳党逆,被逮。大学士杨廷和、尚书林俊力救之,坐前作《书院记》,削籍。顷之卒。

(选自《明史·列传第一七四》,有删节)

注:①陵轹:欺压。②跅弛:放荡不受拘束。

5. 对下列句子中加点的词语的解释,不正确的一项是()(3分)

A. 比言官劾群阉比:近来

B. 勒致仕致仕:交还官职

C. 召鹤龄闲处,切责之切责:急切索求

D. 坐前作《书院记》坐:因为

6. 以下各组句子中,能表明李梦阳“格势要”的一组是()(3分)

①召鹤龄闲处,切责之,鹤龄免冠叩头乃已

②宸濠反诛,御史周宣劾梦阳党逆,被逮

③淮王府校与诸生争,梦阳笞校

④梦阳既家居,益跅弛负气,治园池,招宾客

⑤梦阳途遇寿宁侯,詈之,击以马棰

⑥于是梦阳属草

A. ①②④B. ③⑤⑥

C. ②④⑤D. ①③⑥

7. 下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是()(3分)

A. 弘治十八年,李梦阳因弹劾“势如翼虎”的张鹤龄,被囚于锦衣狱,但不久宥出,被剥夺了俸禄。出狱后,途遇张鹤龄,李梦阳扬马鞭打落其两齿,可见他嫉恶如仇的强硬态度。

B. 武宗即位后,刘瑾等“八虎”当权,李梦阳起草奏章弹劾众宦官,碰巧所说的话泄漏,韩文等人都被驱逐,李梦阳也被贬官。

C. 纵观李梦阳一生,历官户部主事、山西布政司经历,终江西提学副使,格势要,曾几番下狱、数次罢官,可谓清节不渝、胆气过人。

D. 李梦阳生平狂傲放纵,遭大理卿燕忠以欺压同僚、挟制上级的罪名弹劾后,被削去官籍,闲居在家,放荡不羁,恃才傲气,整日和一些年轻人游山玩水,射箭打猎,声名远扬。

8. 把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1) 若辈欲以杖毙梦阳耳,吾宁杀直臣快左右心乎!(3分)

(2) 既而瑾复摭他事下梦阳狱,将杀之,康海为说瑾,乃免。(3分)

(3) 然后知吾向之未始游,游于是乎始。故为之文以志。(4分)

三、 古诗词鉴赏(10分)

9. 阅读下面这首明诗,然后回答问题。

白雁

顾文昱

万里西风吹羽仪①,独传霜翰②向南飞。

芦花映月迷清影,江水含秋点素辉。

锦瑟夜调冰作柱,玉关晨度雪沾衣。

天涯兄弟离群久,皓首江湖犹未归。

注:①羽仪:仪仗队列中用羽毛装饰的旌旗类。②霜翰:翰,本指鸟羽,此处指白雁。相传白雁每逢秋深则南飞,白雁至则霜降,故谓之霜信,亦称霜翰。

(1) 这首诗首联描绘了一幅怎样的画面?(3分)

(2) 诗的前两联运用了对比手法,请简要分析。(3分)

(3) 古人讲究炼字,请品味颔联的“迷”、“点”二字的精妙之处。(4分)

四、 名句名篇默写(8分)

10. 补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。

(1),亦使后人而复哀后人也。(杜牧《阿房宫赋》)

(2) 盖将自其变者而观之, ,自其不变者而观之, 。(苏轼《赤壁赋》)

(3) 人人尽说江南好,游人只合江南老,

,。(韦庄《菩萨蛮》)

(4) 吾尝终日而思矣,;吾尝跂而望矣, 。(荀子《劝学》)

(5) 师者,。(韩愈《师说》)

五、 现代文阅读:文学类文本(23分)

阅读下面的作品,完成11~14题。

喜 事

契诃夫

那是夜里十二点钟。

米佳·库尔达罗夫神色激动,披头散发,飞也似的跑进他父母的住宅,急急忙忙在各个房间里走进走出。他的父母已经躺下睡觉了。他妹妹躺在床上,正读到一本长篇小说的最后一页。他那些在中学里读书的弟弟们已经睡着了。

“你从哪儿来?”父母惊讶地说,“你怎么了?”

“哎呀,你们别问了!我可怎么也没有料到!是啊,我怎么也没有料到!这……这简直叫人没法相信呢!”

米佳哈哈大笑,在圈椅上坐下,他幸福得站不住了。

“真叫人没法相信!你们再也意想不到!你们睁开眼睛看看吧!”

他妹妹从床上跳下来,把被子披在身上,走到哥哥跟前。

那几个中学生醒过来了。

“你怎么啦?你脸色都变了!”

“我这是因为高兴,妈妈!要知道,现在全俄国都知道我了!全俄国呀!以前只有你们知道世界上有个十四品文官德米特里·库尔达罗夫,可是现在全俄国都知道了!妈妈!啊,天主!”

米佳跳起来,在各处房间里跑来跑去,然后又坐下。

“可是到底出了什么事呢?你说清楚啊!”

“你们生活得像野兽一样,报纸也不看,根本不注意报刊的消息,可是报纸上有那么多值得注意的东西!要是发生一件什么事情,马上大家就都知道了,没有一件事能瞒住!我多么幸福啊!啊,天主!要知道,报纸上只登有名人物的事情,可是现在一下子把我的事情也登出来了!”

“你说什么呀?登在哪儿了?”爸爸脸色发白。妈妈看一眼圣像,在胸前画十字。中学生们跳下床,衣服也没披,只穿着短短的睡衣,走到他们哥哥跟前。

“是啊!报纸上把我登出来了!现在全俄国都知道我了!您,妈妈,把这张报纸留起来做个纪念!以后我们有的时候把它拿出来读一下。您看看!”

米佳从口袋里取出一张报纸来,递给父亲,伸出手指头戳一戳用蓝铅笔勾出来的地方:“您念吧!”

父亲戴上眼镜。

“您倒是念啊!”

妈妈看一眼圣像,在胸前画十字。爸爸嗽一嗽喉咙,开始念道:“‘十二月二十九日夜间十一时,十四品文官德米特里·库尔达罗夫……’”

“你们看见了吧,看见了吧?往下念!”

‘……十四品文官德米特里·库尔达罗夫从小布龙纳亚街考齐兴大楼的酒店内走出,业已喝醉……’”

“这就是我同谢敏·彼得罗维奇一起刚喝完酒。……一切都写得很细致!您继续念吧!往下念!你们听着!”

“‘……业已喝醉,失足滑倒。当时有尤赫诺甫斯基县杜雷金诺耶村农民伊凡·德罗托夫赶雪橇一辆,停在附近。该文官恰巧倒在马旁,马即受惊,跳过库尔达罗夫身上,并拖住雪橇从该人身上轧过,沿街奔驰,雪橇上有乘客一名,乃莫斯科二等商人斯捷潘·路科夫也。事后该马由看门人拦住,库尔达罗夫起初人事不省,当即被送往警察分局,由医师验伤。

该人脑后撞伤……’”

“这是车杆碰了我的后脑壳,爸爸。往下念!您再往下念!”

“‘……该人脑后撞伤,唯不严重。该项事故业已具文呈报,受伤人已予以治疗。’”

“医师叮嘱我用浸过凉水的毛巾压在我的后脑壳上。现在您念完了吧?啊?就是这样的!现在全俄国都传遍了这件事!您把报纸还给我!”米佳抓住那张报纸,把它叠起来,塞在口袋里。

“我要跑到玛卡罗夫家去,拿给他们看一看。……另外还得拿给伊凡尼茨基一家人看一看,拿给娜达丽雅·伊凡诺芙娜、阿尼西木·瓦西里奇看一看。……我要跑了!再见!”

米佳戴上有帽章的制帽,神色得意,喜气洋洋,跑出门外,到街上去了。

11. 文章的“喜事”指什么,这“喜”又从何来?(6分)

12. 文章为什么大篇幅写米佳的受伤过程?(5分)

13. 文章为什么两次写到“妈妈看一眼圣像,在胸前画十字”的情节?(6分)

14.试结合文本从不同角度探究这篇小说的艺术特色。(6分)

六、 现代文阅读:论述类文本(15分)

阅读下面的文章,完成15~17题。

中国人的碑情

思 晨

唐代陆龟蒙说过:碑者,悲也。此言可谓沉痛,但浏览了一些书籍后,就感到“碑者,悲也”的话并不能概括中国人的碑情,即使碑确有点悲意,也被中国人的智慧所冲淡或化解。中国人爱好立碑的情结远非一个“悲”字就可了结的。

说到碑,人们首先想到的是立于坟头的阿堵物。那的确是碑,但那只是最为普世的一种,远非碑的全部,就连大部分恐怕都说不上。中国人不仅爱在坟头立碑,而且在政治、经济、文化、军事等方面都立下了碑。碑在更多的时候不是要表达悲意,而是要表达长久,碑的目的其实是想让人记住什么。

汉代有人为己立三碑,甚至十几岁的娃娃就开始立碑。到了唐代更有人立碑追述十八代祖,放在这样的社会氛围中看,武则天的无字碑真算不得什么。

碑的长久性必然会使人将其引入政治生活。如蔡京所立的“元祐党人碑”,那纯粹就是一种政治斗争的手段。他把司马光、苏轼这样的人物都刻在了碑上,想让这些人遗臭万年。那时凡立碑,都要留下刻碑工匠的姓名,这块碑,工匠怎么都不愿意留名,工匠认为像司马光、苏轼这等人绝非奸人,刻这样的碑对刻碑人而言是一种耻辱,所以拒绝留名。这真应了《左传》中的那句“肉食者鄙”,这恐怕才是真正意义上的悲。

但蔡京远不是把碑引入政治的第一人,早在他之前的宋太祖就把碑引入了政治。宋太祖曾立过这样的碑:此殿不得以南人为相。这话今天看简直就是基本国策,真要贯彻这样的基本国策足以埋没一批南方才人。

现代人对碑仍然有一种难言的偏好,许多地方都有自己的碑林,就是本无碑林处也有人大造碑林。说不清泱泱中国有几许名碑,只是可以肯定碑在国人心中存有化不开的情结。碑林的主要内容是诗词或书法,要想传名久远,碑就成为首选,这是碑在中国总有市场的原因。这未必是坏事,但走到一个极端则未必是好事。时下有相当一部分官员都有立碑意识,总想在自己的任期内为自己立一两块碑,所不同的只是碑的形式。古人的碑都是刻石而成,官员的碑则五花八门,常见的是以楼为碑、以路为碑、以桥为碑、以机场为碑、以开发区为碑,已经搞得整个环境难以承载,可立碑人仍无放手之意。

其实真正传之久远的是无形的“心碑”,但在今天已少有人在乎立这样的“心碑”了。而保护环境、保护耕地是时下的基本国策,这样的国策如果同宋、明两朝的国策一样不得落实,那才真正是“碑者,悲也”。(选自《文汇报》)

15. 下列对文章内容的分析和理解,不正确的一项是()(3分)

A. 本文开篇提出“碑者,悲也”的话题,但论述重点随之一转,引入了大量的史实,转而论证立碑的非悲一面。

B. 文章谈古是为了论今,借古人立碑之史实影射当今某些官员立碑为患之现实。

C. 作者对立碑人想传名久远的做法表示出明显的反对。

D. 作者在文末点题,对某些官员的立碑意识表达了深切的忧虑,并提出立“心碑”的重要性,以“悲也”一词结尾,引人深思。

16. 你怎样理解文中“肉食者鄙”的含义?(6分)

17. 结合文章内容说明“中国人爱好立碑的情结”为什么“远非一个‘悲’字就可了结的”?(6分)

七、 作文题(70分)

18. 请以“别拿父母不当朋友”为题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。

3.高一上学期的期末总结 篇三

第一部分 听力 (共两节,满分 30 分)

1—5 CCBCC 6—10 CABCB 11—15 CBACB 16—20 CCAAB

第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节,满分 40 分)

第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)

21—25 CADBD 26—30 CAACB 31—35 AABCD

[解析]

A

[试题分析]

21.推理判断题。短文并没有说 Charles Darwin 是哪个国家的科学家,可排除 A;由第二段可知 别人认为 Darwin 的许多实验不值得做,可把 B 排除;文中没有论述 Darwin 与别人相处的事情, 可排除 D。由“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.(Para 3)” 22.词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方 面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知 set aside 与 throw away 同义。 23.主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留 意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

24 .细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?”明确告诉我们,有些人认为 Darwin 做了愚蠢的实验。

B

[试题分析] 本文介绍了 2050 年的第一批去火星旅游的游客的情况,如何做准备,还有费用等 问题。

25 .计算题。从第二段的句子:Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars, but another 600 days there before he can go back home.可知是 5×30+600=750。 26.句意理解题。这句话的意思是:回来后,你不会看见他乞讨的,说明不要担心他的经济状况。 27.推理判断题。从最后一段的句子:I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea”, he says and laughs.可知他是乐观的。

点评:此类文章的最大的障碍是词汇以及考生对阅读内容的不熟悉,需要考生在阅读的时候有

足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力,根据上下文中出现的同义词,近义词, 反义词,以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心,不要受其他信息的影响。要根 据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。

C

[试题分析] 文章讲述了一家特别的报社 Street Sense。Street Sense 是华盛顿特区的一种报纸,它 关注的是街上无家可归人员和他们遇到的麻烦。这个报纸的销售模式是把流浪者培训成他们的 销售人员,相当于给流浪者提供了工作。

28. It’s a newspaper in Washington D.C. about homeless people and problems that affect them. ...The newspaper’s business model is based on homeless sellers”可知,第一段主要向读者介绍什么是 “Street Sense”,它的运作模式等信息,故选 A。

29. Every other Wednesday about fourteen thousand copies are printed.”可知,每隔一个周三,也就 是每两周的时间出版一期,every other 每隔......,故选 C。

30. The staff members write the first two pages of the paper.”可知,这家报纸的员工负责写报纸的前 两页内容,故选 B。

31. After the training, each student is given ten free copies of Street Sense. Once those are sold, trainees become real salespeople. They buy papers for thirty-five cents each and sell them for a dollar.”可知, 经过培训的学生会免费得到十份报纸,全部卖出才能成为销售人员,报社按每份 35 美分的价格 卖给销售者,他们再以一美元一份卖给读者,由此可知,一份报纸卖一美元,故选 A。

考点:社会类短文阅读

D

[试题分析] ABCD

第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)

36—40 GAFBD

[试题分析]

36.由下文“And there are different articles in the newspaper every day.”可知,此处是说每天读报。 37.由上文“It is not surprising that those who read a lot of books develop good vocabulary.”可知,A项符合,你可以考虑成为当地图书馆的会员。

38.由上文“Watching English movies and television shows.”可知,看英语影视节目可以帮助你学习正确的发音。

39.由上文“Vocabulary cards are used by students who are trying to learn many words in a short time.” 可知,此处是说空闲时间用卡片学习词汇很方便。

40.由上文“The Internet is an unlimited resource for reading material.”可知,用网络搜索你想阅 读的话题。

第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节,满分 45 分)

第一节 完形填空 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分)

41—45 BCDDA 46—50 BCDCB 51—55 BDCAC 56—60 ABDAB

[试题分析] 略

第 II 卷 第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节,满分 45 分) 第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)

61. another 62. But 63. which 64. of 65. an

66. valuable 67. as 68. 69. organizing 70. that

[试题分析] 本文讨论了在中学生当中流行的在网上开微博这一现象并对其做出了评论。 61.another 考查固定短语搭配。for one thing...for another...为固定结构,表示“一方面……另一

方面……”。

62.But 考生应能从上下行文逻辑,填入适当的并列连词。上文提到的是中学生在网上开微博

的好处,横线后面的句子提到了很多家长和老师对此持有不同的意见,前后为转折关系, 横线后面无逗号,故应该使用表示转折关系的并列连词 But。

63.which 考生应能在理解语篇的基础上,准确理解句意并能正确判断句子结构和句式。根据语法,此处需要一个引导词引导非限制性定语从句,指前面提到的 a lot of time and energy, 又能在后面的句子中作谓语动词 should be used 的主语,故应该使用表示事物的关系代词 which。

64.of 考查固定短语搭配。in favor of 为固定搭配,表示“支持……”。

65.an 考查冠词应用。play a part / role in 为固定搭配,表示“在……中扮演角色”,又因为 a 后 面的 important 的第一个音素为元音,故其前的不定冠词应该用 an。

66.valuable 考查考生名词和形容词之间的转化。根据句意,此处需要形容词修饰 tool, 表示 “有价值的”,应该用 value 的形容词形式 valuable。

67.as 考查考生根据上下文,补全固定搭配。根据句意,列举了开放和管理微博需要的各种 能力,因此应填 as 构成 such as 的结构。

68.organizing 考查考生省略句中的非谓语动词形式。此处 while 后面省略了 organize 的逻辑主 语 we 以及 be 动词 are,故完整的句子形式为 while we are organizing our micro blogs。

69.itself 考查考生将人称代词转化成反身代词形式。根据句意,此处的反身代词指的是 micro blog,为 micro blog 的同位语,故应该用表示事物的第三人称反身代词 itself。

70.that 考查考生对特殊句式的判断能力。此处为强调句,强调的是原句的主语 your attitude toward it,去掉 it is 和 that 之后句子成分仍然完整。

第四部分 写作 (共两节,满分 35 分)

第一节 短文改错 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 10 分)略

第二节 书面表达 (满分 25 分)

Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. Opinions are divided on this topic.

Most students are in favor of this activity. They believe that the activity in winter can not only help improve physical health but develop a strong will. Besides, it’s a good way to relieve stress. On the other hand, a minority of the students are opposed to it. They think the activity is too dull. In addition, it’s so cold outside that they would rather stay in the classroom to study.

4.高一下学期期末总结 篇四

每次开始写东西的时候,就只有一个感受:时间过得真快呀!三个多月匆匆而逝,不知不觉中又到了暑假,这学期我依旧担任高一(5)和(6)两个班的英语教学工作以及高一(5)的副班主任。这个学期来,有付出也有收获,付出的是汗水,收获的是经验,我越发感觉到自己逐渐成熟起来,对教学工作又有了新的体会,现将这学期的工作做一总结:

作为一名刚踏上工作岗位的青年教师,?学习业务积累经验是工作的重点,通过学习和实践锻炼掌握各项教育技能,找到理想与现实的切合点,快速完成自己从学生到教师这一社会职责的转变。所以再此特别感谢我的师傅朱艳丽老师和我们办公室的老师,从他们身上学到了许多经验与方法。对于一位新教师来说,万事开头难,虽然困难重重,但我觉得只要有心、尽力肯定能行。初为人师,就应该对学生负责。所以,本学期坚持做到认真备课。每次提前一周备好下周的课,做好课件,做好一单元的题;其次:多听课,学习有经验教师的教学方法,这学期一直跟着朱老师听课学习,每次听课我都认真做好记录,听完课后和朱老师进行交流,并且思考如果是自己上这节课会怎么组织课堂。这学期外教的到来也让我有了很大的成长,和外教的相处不仅提高了我的口语能力,还锻炼了能力。其次:多与学生沟通。因此本学期伊始,首先对学生进行励志鼓励,让学生树立学好英语的学习兴趣。新教师经验不足,教学技巧性不强,难免会有学生听不懂,多些主动和学生进行沟通,了解学生掌握知识的情况非常重要,这样有利于针对性的对学生进行教育,对学生进行因材施教,和朱老师交流沟通之后,我们除了按部就班进行教材学习之外,单词天天默,还给学生复印新概念,初三重点单词,傻瓜句100句进行训练。?除了常规教学之外,我担任英语组的通讯员一职,做好英语组的宣传工作。

一个不会学习的人永远不会是一个成功的人,要教给学生知识,作为老师,就必须拥有比学生多的多的知识,所以在做好自己的本职工作之余,努力学习各种新知识,多读书。所以特别感谢学校提供的阅读机会,除了可以到图书馆借阅自己喜欢的图书之外,还发放利于提升个人能力以及个人素养的书籍。这学年在工作之余我除了看与本专业有关的书籍之外,还阅读了乐嘉的《谈笑间》以及《苏菲的世界》。对生活有了进一步的认识。

由于经验颇浅,许多地方存在不足,正所谓“有则改之,无则加勉”,既然看到了自己的不足,在今后的工作中,我将会多调整心态,多反省自己,多进行教学反思,多向老教师取经学习多走弯路,从多角度多方面看待问题,让自己真正快速的成长起来。

5.高一下学期期末工作总结 篇五

学年下学期工作总结

周德存 本学期,按照学校部署安排,本人继续担任2009级一级部级部主任,在学校、校区领导的正确领导下,在全级部师生的共同努力下,我们2009级一级部认真总结上学期工作中的成功经验,及时汲取不足教训,扬长避短,在充分发扬过去优良传统的同时,又针对新形势、新情况,新问题,不断探讨,采取了一些切实可行、务实有效的新措施。工作中,我们牢牢把握“两个重点”与“两个主体”,“两个重点”即教学与管理,以管理促教学,抓教学促管理;“两个主体”即教师与学生,抓教师管理,促进教学,抓班主任工作,落实促进学生管理。始终贯彻“两种意识”,即角色意识与责任意识。作为学校的一部分,顾全大局,坚持认真贯彻执行学校的各项措施、任务,极力为学校分忧解难。积极配合各处室工作,认认真真地承担本年级管理中的各项职责。顺利完成了本学期学校下达的各项任务,取得了较为突出的成绩,现将本学期的主要工作向领导汇报如下:

一、配合政教处抓好德育工作

(一)学期初始阶段,大力开展好思想、好品德、好习惯的养成教育。1.卫生周、纪律月活动。根据学校的安排,2009级于3月1日至3月7日进行了七天的卫生集中清扫。认真组织,严格要求,圆满完成预定的任务,达到预期目标。大大增强了学生的卫生意识、纪律意识、集体荣誉感以及吃苦耐劳能力。

2.组织学生继续深入学习《新泰一中学生手册》和《中学生日常行为规范》,严格落实“十不准”,以班为单位,组织学生学习了有关的规章制度,让学生充分了解高中生的基本纪律、规范,了解我校的各项制度,增强守纪意识,强化行为规范,做文明中学生。

3.开展爱国爱校教育、法制教育、安全教育以及考风考纪教育。开学一个月,集中在每天班级活动时间统一进行。教育学生树立远大理想,激发每个学生奋斗的动力,开展爱校教育,争做文明的一中人,爱护学校的公共财物,维护学校优美的环境,言行举止文明得体;开展法制教育,学生进入高中,很多学生很快就要进入青年人行列,作为国家的公民,不光要守纪,更要守法,争做遵纪守法的好公民;开展安全教育,热爱生命,注意保护自己的人身安全;抓考风考纪教育,端正思想,诚实为人,形成良好学风,以好的考风促好学风。

4、开展自主申星活动。为让学生端正思想,引领向上,发扬特长,明确个人成长目标,开展自主申星活动,要求每人结合自身实际,制定个人成长计划、目标,并有班级其他同学、老师负责量化考核,每周一通报,每月一总结,期中进行中期研讨,期末进行考核,此举让每个学生找到了自己的特长与发展方向,引领正确的舆论导向,端正了风气风纪,优化了学习成长氛围,一大批优秀学生脱颖而出。

(二)常规管理不放松,勤督促,重落实。

1.查考勤,培养全体学生按时作息的习惯。重点督促早、晚自习以及午、晚休情况,班主任督查。查住校生就寝情况以及早晨起床情况,逐步消灭懒惰现象,养成严格的时间观念与良好的行为习惯。

2.坚持两操,中午课间操,督促每个班快速集合,高出勤率,零距离,展现好的集体风貌,晚上眼保健操,督促每个学生坚持做,不会的学生指定同学教他们学习,坚持做,保护眼睛。3.抓教室、寝室卫生,坚持卫生检查。教室以班委会为责任人,保持卫生,每周进行一次彻底的大扫除。寝室以室长为责任人,要求保持卫生,整洁,每周进行一次班级评比。

(三)狠抓纪律,促进差生转化。

针对本届学生差生较多的情况,我们一方面强化面向全体的纪律教育,另一方面加大对违纪学生的处罚力度,从而取得了一定的警戒作用,同时,我们又采取“盯人”战略,各个击破“钉子户”,级部主任、班主任、任课老师共同做耐心细致的思想工作,促使他们转化,并避免再犯。

(四)给学生以关爱、温暖。热爱学生,关心学生。特别是对一些品学兼优的贫困生,年级采取尽力的帮助、照顾。让品学兼优的贫困生都能享受政府助学金。

(五)在教师队伍中大力提倡奉献精神

本届高一新生基础差,管理难度大,班主任管理工作量大,且低分进校者比例较大,给管理、教学都带来了很大的压力,鉴于此种情况,我们除了采取一些有针对性的措施之外,我们还在教师群体中,大力弘扬奉献精神,号召老师们投入更大的热情于工作中,投入更大的耐心给学生们,还采取数学、英语分层式教学,让所有学生能够参与学习中,都有奋斗的希望。

二、教学工作

在本学期的教学工作中,我们认真落实教学大纲要求,贯彻新课程标准精神,大力推进素质教育,规范办学行为,循序渐进、踏踏实实地完成高一上学期的教学任务,围绕教学这个核心,我们主要开展了以下这些工作:

1.狠抓常规教学管理。年级督促检查,发挥备课组的作用,要求每个老师落实好备课、上课、辅导、批改、测试、评价等各个环节,通过会议宣讲,强化认识,通过各个途径,检查、了解落实情况,从整个学期情况来看,老师们绝大多数做得比较好。2.强化上班纪律,提高办公效率。

本学期,老师上下班都按学校要求签指纹,一学期下来,大家坚持得比较好,保证了工作时间。上班时间我们要求大家集中精力干工作,不做与工作无关的事情,要求老师不要高声谈笑,不要闲聊,不要闲事串门。大家做得比较好,大大提高了工作效率。强化晚自习值班,值班老师要按时到位,采取每节一人一至两班制,级部主任值班检查。

3、落实教案、作业的检查以及教学信息反馈意见。

我们要求,老师上课必须有充分的准备,必须备好课、写好教案,以备课组为单位定期检查。作业布置要适量适度,所有的学生作业,老师必须给学生一个明确的交待,或者精批细改,或者有所侧重,老师必须有清楚的了解。期中考试结束后,级部组织召开了学生座谈会,进行多次学生评教活动,及时进行了教学信息反馈调查,我们根据反馈信息,及时与老师沟通,改进教学工作。

4、组织各种形式的研讨课、观摩课、示范课、达标课,搞好评课活动。

本学期里,我们把研讨课作为一项常规活动来开展,形成一种制度。周周不空。要求全体青年教师必须讲至少一堂达标课,骨干教师讲一堂示范课、并举行教学活动月活动。本学期共举行公开课80余节,掀起了公开课听课热潮。还鼓励教师参加各级教学比赛活动,如陈鲁参加市数学创新课比赛,靳绪果参加了省信息技术优质课比赛,巩凤参加市地理课讲课比赛,阚欣、安会玲、刘宇、杨允新、王会参加了校青年教师讲课比赛等,均获得了好成绩。每堂公开课都认真对待、集体备课,集体讨论,群策群力,评课,各抒已见,坦诚交流,力求让讲课者、听课者、评课者都有收获。

5、落实集体备课,发挥集体智慧。

集体备课,我们把它作为一项重要的教研活动,认真开展,落到实处。各学科统一定在星期一、二两天,备课组长负责主持,年级主任包科参加。我们强调提高认识,提高效率。

6、落实学校制订的教师教学成绩量化评估工作

根据学校要求,我们在期中考试后,按照学校制定的教师教学成绩量化评估标准,对本年级老师进行了评估测算,从中,我们也大体了解到教师期中考试前一段时间的工作情况,做到心中有数,为后阶段的工作提供了一参考信息。

7、大力开展传、帮、带活动

本级部教师40多人,成员构成较复杂,有不少教师缺乏足够的高中教学经验。我们一方面采取措施进行帮扶,让他们选择骨干教师结成对子,学习提高;另一方面我们大力号召打整体战,以学科为单位,在备课组内部广泛开展互帮互学活动,调动了大家的积极性,骨干老师乐于、甘于指导、帮助,毫无保留。指导备课,指导讲课,自己作示范;青年教师学习热情高涨,乐于学习,坚持听课学习。

8、统考成绩优秀突出。本学期两学段全新泰统一命题,组织考试,全校南北两校区统一阅卷,我级部超额完成学校下达的任务、指标,超出23人,列全校第一名。

9、倾力打造高效课堂,开展教学活动月活动

为进一步推进素质教育和新课程改革,大力落实《新泰一中“高效课堂”指导意见》,加强对高效课堂教学模式的研究,强化“学案导学、先学后教”,“学为主体、以学定教”,“精讲精练、注重实效”的教学理念,巩固上学期南校东区开展建设高效课堂活动的成果,深化以“学案”为载体的课堂教学改革,转变教师的教学方式和学生的学习方式,推广、普及常态化的高效课堂教学模式,培养学生自主探究、合作学习的能力,提高课堂教学的效率,特制定教学活动月实施方案,分三个阶段实施,第一阶段宣传发动;第二阶段观摩推广;第三阶段全员达标;取得极好效果。

总之,在本学期里,我们严格执行上级各项指示,认真贯彻落实各项精神,求真务实地进行年级管理,总体上来说,大局和谐、安定,取得了一些成绩,但是由于种种客观原因,本年级的工作中还存在这样的问题和不足,比如学生中屡屡出现的违纪现象等,我们都会高度重视,积极寻求解决办法,以使下一阶段的工作上一个新台阶。

6.高一第二学期期末教学工作总结 篇六

高一数学教学工作总结

科任:骆妃景

本学期我继续担任上砂中学高一(1)和高一(5)班两个班的数学教师。时间过得很快,转眼高一这一学年就要结束了,这是我作为老师的第一个年头,教学经验尚浅。因此,本学期我对教学工作不敢怠慢,认真分析学生的学情,进行认真地备课,讲课,认真批改学生作业。钻研教材分析,教学大纲,做到有的放矢。了解学生的学习情况,及时调整教学进度,虚心向前辈学习。经过一个学年的努力,获取了很多宝贵的教学经验。以下是我在本学期的教学情况总结。

一、教学方面

教学过程是师生互动的过程。本人紧扣高考特点,学生特点,把握全局,认真筹划每一章节,精心设计一节课的每个环节,推动教学层层深入,形成良性互动方能取得良好的教育教学效果。了解学生原有的知识技能的质量,他们的兴趣、需要、方法、习惯,学习新知识可能会有哪些困难,采取相应的预防措施,考虑教法,解决如何把已掌握的教材传授给学生,包括如何组织教材、如何安排每节课的活动。

由于差生较多,课堂上有时纪律不是很好,这不只是几个人的事,而是会影响整个教学效果的事。所以,如何控制课堂纪律也需要老师的智慧的。

二、情感教育方面

良好的情感教育也是搞好教育工作重要一环。通过情感交流营造一个民主和谐的课堂气氛,这样可以充分调动学生的积极性。另外学生很辛苦,有时很疲劳,对学生在课堂上打磕睡要给予理解,不要动辄就批评,采用各种办法调节课堂气氛,缓解学生的疲劳,尽可能让学生感觉轻松愉快。正确对待学生犯的错误,尤其是学生回答问题时,学生说错是正常现象,是宝贵信息,只有知道学生怎样错的,才能正确下药方。所以课堂上要鼓励学生大胆回答问题,提出问题,和同学及教师辩论问题。

三、工作考勤方面

我热爱自己的事业,从不因为个人的私事耽误工作的时间。并积极运用有效的工作时间做好自己分内外的工作。

四、课后辅导方面

课后我常找学生了解听课情况、学习情况,了解他们的困难和疑问,及时解答,根据不同的学生进行不同的辅导。数学是所有高中课程中最难的一科,除了课堂效果之外,还需要让学生多探究,多思考,多练习。发现学生作业问题也及时解决,及时讲清楚,让学生即时消化。但由于这里大部分学生的接受能力比较差以及学习主动性不强,导致本学期的几次章节测试没达到我的预期。

五、今后要注意的几点

1、要处理好课时紧张与教学内容多的矛盾,加强对教材的研究;

2、加强对教辅材料题目的精选;

3、要加强对学困生的思想教育,提高总体成绩。

4、努力提高自身课堂管理水平。

个人教研活动方面还有明显缺陷,今后一定要向别的同事认真学习,时刻注意加强研究,总结经验,探索新路,做到有成绩,有发现,有创新,争取做一个教育家,而不是教书匠。

以上就是我在本学期的教学工作总结。由于经验颇浅,许多地方存在不足,希望在未来的日子里,能在各位领导老师,前辈的指导下,取得更好成绩。

7.高一上学期的数学难点总结 篇七

难度并不在于知识点的深度和综合能力,而在于从初中相对具体形象的数学学习一下进入高中抽象的,与生活似乎关系不大的学习,很多同学表现出非常大不适应。因此,如果觉得高一数学“难”,复习的重点,应当放在分析为什么自己觉得学习过的知识点“难”上。

难点一:抽象函数

F规则的含义虽然看起来简单,但如果理解不深刻,对于后面的解题有很大的影响。

解决抽象函数难点的思路主要有这样两条:

(1)将抽象函数的内容与具体函数的性质结合起来。抽象函数作为理解函数的一个上位的要求,对于所有的具体函数都具有指导意义。高一学习的指数,对数和幂三种函数的具体性质,都是抽象函数性质在具体函数中的表现。函数的定义域,值域,单调性,奇偶性,这些内容既是抽象函数的核心内容,又是具体函数具体性质的表现。结合起来记忆,效果更好。

(2)所有和抽象函数相关的综合问题,一定首先想办法将抽象函数的条件化为具体条件,转化的方法,就是利用抽象函数的性质。很多综合题中都会出现抽象函数的条件,对于这种题目,首先要解决的就是将这些条件中的f去掉。

难点二:三角函数

这一部分的重点是一定要从初中锐角三角函数的定义中跳出来。在教学中,我注意到有些学生仍然在遇到三角函数题目的时候画直角三角形协助理解,这是十分危险的,也是我们所不提倡的。三角函数的定义在引入了实数角和弧度制之后,已经发生了革命性的变化,sinA中的A不一定是一个锐角,也不一定是一个钝角,而是一个实数——弧度制的角。有了这样一个思维上的飞跃,三角函数就不再是三角形的一个附属产品(初中三角函数很多时候依附于相似三角形),而是一个具有独立意义的函数表现形式。

既然三角函数作为一种函数意义的理解,那么,它的知识结构就可以完全和函数一章联系起来,函数的精髓,就在于图象,有了图象,就有了所有的性质。对于三角函数,除了图象,单位圆作为辅助手段,也是非常有效——就好像配方在二次函数中应用广泛是一个道理。

三角恒等变形部分,并无太多诀窍,从教学中可以看出,学生听懂公式都不难,应用起来比较熟练的都是那些做题比较多的同学。题目做到一定程度,其实很容易发现,高一考察的三角恒等只有不多的几种题型,在课程与复习中,我们也会注重给学生总结三角恒等变形的“统一论”,把握住降次,辅助角和万能公式这些关键方法,一般的三角恒等迎刃而解。关键是,一定要多做题。

难点三:向量部分

这部分其实是这学期最简单的部分。简单的原因是,以前从来没有学过,初次接触,考试不会太难。这部分的复习也最为轻松——围绕向量的几何表示,代数表示和坐标表示理解向量的各种运算法则。

难点四:综合题型

压轴题基本上,都是以函数一章作为最核心的知识载体,中间掺杂向量和三角的运算。解决这样的题目,方法几乎是固定的,那就是首先利用抽象函数性质,将带有f的条件化为不带有f的条件,然后利用三角与向量的运算化简或证明。非压轴题出题方法可能更自由,但是综合性往往没有太强,仍然属于各个板块内的综合。

8.高一上学期语法总结 篇八

1.定语从句的结构及理解

2.定语从句的关系词的使用

3.定语从句的简化表达

知识总结归纳

(一)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:

限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。

非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

1.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3.Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4.Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(二)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3.A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4.The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5.Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6.Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1.There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点

(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。

1.The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2.There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(三)定语从句的简化表达:

1.The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2.The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.The question that is being discussed is very important.4.You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:

1.The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.The question being discussed is very important.4.You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:

1.被修饰名词+doing短语:正在做„.的人/正在发生的事。

2.被修饰名词+ done短语:被„..的人/事

3.被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被„..的人/事

4.被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被„..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。

1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2.分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的 【典型例题】

[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A.which B.that C.who D.it 分析:_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案:A

[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A.who B.whom C.with whom D.to whom 分析:_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li,从句完整的表达是:I worked with Uncle Li three years ago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。答案:C

[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained 分析:定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案:A

[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 分析:非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系,关系词用whose 答案:D

[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 分析:公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会,直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games,指过去的内容,表示被动。用done做定语。答案:C

[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A.built B.to be built C.to build D.being built 分析:根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案:B

[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion? A.attended B.attending C.to attend D.have attended 分析:根据句意:比如说,我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.答案:B

[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A.who B.one of whom C.one of them D.none of them 分析:非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children,根据从句中的is判断,是说:三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案:B

【模拟试题】

1.Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A.whom I think did B.whom I think she did C.who I think did D.I think who did 2.Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A.by which B.on which C.with which D.for which 3.The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A.where B.which C.to which D.on which 4.The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A.when B.in that C.which D.in which 5.1.Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A.being discussed B.discussed C.to be discussed D.to discuss 6.The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked 7.Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ? A.read B.reads C.reading D.being read

【试题答案】

1.C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语,同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语,所以关系词不能用whom 2.C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money:用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词:with 3.C 定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是:他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote„.to sth.关系词前加介词:to 4.A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day :先行词the day在从句中做时间状语:在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。

5.C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question,根据表达的内容:明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。

6.D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示:正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示:正在被„„的„„。

7.C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示:正在大树下看书的那位老师。

情态动词

1.情态动词的推测表达

2.情态动词表达虚拟语气

3.某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结 知识重点:

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用:

(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定„”,may / might / can / could表示“可能„„”,must只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示“可能不„„”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能„„吗?”,其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

(二)对现在的事实进行推测:

主要结构:„must / may / might +动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be + doing 例句:

1.You must be Jeanne.I’m Mathilde Loisel.We used to know each other very well.2.They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3.The teacher must be joking.4.Freda isn’t in class.She must be sick.5.There must be something wrong.6.She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7.He may be arriving this evening.8.He may be traveling around the world.9.The keys can’t be in the room.I have just searched it very carefully.10.Can the news be true ?

(三)对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语 例句:

1.Mrs.Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2.He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday.She’s gone abroad.3.I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4.He might have overslept again.5.Where can Tom have gone ? 情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来„”,“不然早就„”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思,有如下结构:

should have done / ought to have done:本应该„„

shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done:本不该„„

could have done:本来可以„„

needn’t have done:本来没必要„„

would like to have done:本来很想„„

would rather not have done: 本来不愿意„„

could / might / have done: 不然早就„„ 例句:

1.You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2.You could have told us earlier.3.I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4.You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5.We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6.They would like to have seen that film last film.7.If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8.They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点:

某些情态动词的特殊用法:

need 和dare 的两种形式的用法

need 和dare可以用做实义动词,后面接不定式(to do)结构,在疑问句和否定句中,加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时,主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t(没有必要,不必)相当于don’t have to 例句:

1.It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2.Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3.How dare you speak to parents like that ? 注意:

句型I dare say+从句。意思是:我肯定„„ = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句:

I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would 表示“意志”或“愿意”,would 则指过去愿意做„„ 例句:

1.He said that he would help us.2.You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做„„”类似于“used to do” 例句:

1.When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求,固定的句型:Will/Would you please do„? / Would you like to do„? 例句:Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall 1.用于第一,三人称,表示“请求”;“建议”或“推荐” 例句:

1.Shall we start the meeting now? 2.Shall I watch TV now ? 3.Shall my son carry the case for you ? 2.用于第二人称,表示“命令,“要求”,“许诺” 例句:

1.You shall take whatever you like.2.You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中,常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示,意思是:“可能„吗?”;“„不可能„”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。

【典型例题】

1.—Do you think he will do me a favor ? —As far as I know, he is the last one to help others.He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A.might B.must C.can D.should 分析:本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能帮助别人的人),既然如此,那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A 2.—Look, someone is coming.Guess who it ____ be ? —I think it ___ be Tom.—I don’t think it ___ be ____.A.can;must;can;he B.may;can;must;him C.must;can;must;his D.might;must;can;himself 分析:根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.(说话人十分肯定)。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即:I don’t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案为A 3.—Do you know Ms.Wang likes walking after supper ? —Sure.She ____ around the campus now.A.must be walking B.must walk C.may walk D.may be walking 分析:关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境:她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A 4.—I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would say D.must have stayed 分析:首句说:我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说:你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示:本来可以。答案为A 5.Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.A.needn’t have driven B.can’t have driven

C.mustn’t have driven D.shouldn’t have driven

分析:根据句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有会?我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A 6.I was really anxious about you.You _____ home without a word.A.mustn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left

C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave

分析:根据句意:我真的很担心你,你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B 7.A:Are you coming to Jeff’s party ? B:I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might 分析:根据B的回答:我不一定去,我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测:可能。答案为D 8.A:I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.B:Will it be a big surprise to her ? A.should B.must C.would D.shall 分析:A说:“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D 【模拟试题】

1.A:Is John coming by train ? B:He should, but he _____ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may 2.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving 3.Sorry, I’m late.I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will 4.You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour.A.must not B.won’t C.can’t D.may not

5.—I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.—You _____ mine.I wasn’t using it.A.might borrow B.could have borrowed C.can have borrowed D.ought to borrow 6.—A man answered the phone.I suppose it was her husband.—It _____ her husband.He has been dead for ages.A.mustn’t be B.couldn’t have been

C.may not have been D.mustn’t have been

【试题答案】

1.分析:根据B的回答“他应该(坐火车来),但是也不一定,他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D 2.分析:根据句意:White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的,可他(在8:30)没有到场。Should have done表示:本应该。答案为A 3.分析:本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因:我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测:可能已经„„答案为A 4.分析:根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.(你才刚干了一个小时)说明

You _____ be tired(你不可能很累),can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C 5.分析:听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”,第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去 上班。”本来可以/能:could have done.答案为B 6.分析:第二个人是说:那个人不可能是她丈夫,因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对 话的语境,是在谈论过去的事,表示过去不可能:could not have done 答案为:B

与it有关的主要句型

it强调句型

知识总结归纳:

(一)it用做形式主语或形式宾语:根据句子结构的需要,it用做形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语(to do 短语,doing短语,名词性从句)则放在句尾。主要句型:

It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

to do sth.doing sth.find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

to do sth.doing sth.例句:

1.It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.2.It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs.3.It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.4.It’s no use going there so early.5.Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.6.Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ? 7.We found it strange that no one would take the money.(二)其他句型

1.It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.2.表示“据说,据报道,/人们认为/相信/建议等

It’s said that…….It’s reported that ……

It’s believed/thought/suggested that…… 例句:

1.It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength.2.It is believed that the two children went off exploring(探险)on their own and get stuck on the cliff.3.It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem.4.It was once predicted(预测)that British and American English would become separate languages finally.(三)it在强调句型中:在英语中,为了突出强调句子的某一个成分(谓语除外),达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。

It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。

It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句:

1.I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2.It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3.It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4.It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much.5.It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so.知识难点:

(一)注意强调句型的变形,即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。

1.What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ?

2.Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3.I can’t quite remember when it was that we married.4.Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?

(二)是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句

1.It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.2.It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.3.It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front.4.Was it in this place that the last king died ?

(三)注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句

Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.【典型例题】 一.单项选择:

1.I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory.A.this B.that C.its D.it 分析:本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不可能的。”故选择D 2.Does matter if he can’t finish the job on time ?

A.this B.that C.he D.it 分析:本题考查it做形式主语的句型:如果他没能按时完成工作的话,这很要紧吗?故选择D 3.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn’t help.A.he B.which C.she D.it 分析:本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容:Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该努力学习。故选择D 4.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 分析:本题考查it做形式主语的句型:英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D 5.It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___he spent his childhood.A.which;that B.that;where C.which;which D.that;which 分析:本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中:“___ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father。根据句意:他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A 二.单句改错:

1.That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages.分析:根据句意:据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说,应当说:It is said that„。That改为:It 2.Is this your turn to clean the blackboard ? 分析:根据句意:该轮到你擦黑板了吧?轮到某人做某事:It is one’s turn to do„.This 改为:it 3.It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month.分析:表示“众所周知”可以说:It is known to everyone that+陈述句。或:As is known to everyone,+陈述句。It 改为:As, 或去掉“,”加连词that 4.The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.分析:根据句意:这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是:make it clear that+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为:it 5.It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story.分析:根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型,强调地点:in the park 所以按照强调句型的结构where改为:that 6.Although we can’t see them, there is air around us.分析:句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air,但air是不可数名词,因此them改为:it

三.翻译句子:

1.直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。

分析:表达“直到„„才„„”可以用not„until„引导的时间状语从句;也用强调句型;或倒装句。翻译:

(1)I didn’t telephone the office until Wednesday.(2)It was not until Wednesday that I telephoned the office.(3)Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office.2.只有当我们看不清楚的时候,我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。分析:本句可以用强调句表达,也可以用倒装句: 翻译:

(1)It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.(2)Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are.3.It was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically.翻译:那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的,也正是在那里,新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。【模拟试题】 一.单项选择:

1.Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking.A.that B.this C.it D.there 2.I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.A.this B.that C.one D.it 3.He tore up my photo and upset me.A.this B.it C.which D.what 4.It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.A.which;that B.when;what C.as;that D.that;that 5.When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.A.what it does B.what it is C.why it does D.why it is 6.Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy.A.he B.that C.it D.there

二.句型转换:

将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。

1.The children often help their parents do the farm work.2.In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.3.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.4.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.三.阅读理解:

A It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country.Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures(手势).However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”.In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.Also putting your clasped(紧握的)hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make.In Russia it is the sign of friendship.In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger(食指), and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”

It is also important to make eye communication.If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage.You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.1.Which of the following is true? A.People all over the world only communicate by words.B.Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.C.Gestures are the most common way to communicate.D.People can talk about anything in another country.2.In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”

A.Yes.B.No C.I heard you D.I am the winner 3.Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.A.Greece B.the USA C.England D.China 4.What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?

A.What you do is better than what you say.B.You try your best to be polite.C.You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.D.What you say is better than what you do.5.The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.A.it is important to know the language.B.it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.C.to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.D.to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.B “In the old days,” as one wife said.“ The husband was the husband and the wife was the wife.” In the past husbands each had their own way of going on.The wives’ jobs were to look after them.“The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays.Husbands help with the children now.They stay more, as well as have more interest, at home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly in sharing work with their wives;and secondly, in their largely independent domain(领域)of house repairs.“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.” Mr.Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning.Mr.Clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hovered(吸尘)around and read plays aloud for his wife while she did a bit of washing.Mr.Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.So it goes on….1.The expression “act as assistants to their wives” means that ____.A.husbands read plays aloud.B.husbands are paid by their wives.C.husbands help their wives.D.husbands look after their sick children.2.the meaning of the wife’s words at the beginning of the passage were that ____.A.in the past men stayed at home all day.B.in the past there was a clear division of role in the family.C.in the past most boys and girls were married at an early age.D.in the past wives and husbands lived separately.3.What does Mr.Davis do at weekends ? A.He cleans the floors and makes the beds.B.He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.C.He cooks food for his wife.D.He takes the dog out for a walk.4.In the past, the woman’s main job was to ___.A.take the children to school.B.take care of their husband.C.do the washing up.D.dig the garden.5.The passage is mainly about____.A.the division of husbands, wives and children.B.how to get on well between husbands and wives.C.the relationship between husband, wives and children.D.the relationship between husband and wives today.【试题答案】 一.单项选择:

1.C,it在句中做形式宾语。句型为think it +形容词+to do something 2.D,it在句中作为代词指代前面说的film 3.B,it作为代词指代前面He tore up my photo这件事。

4.D,这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句,“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷东西的真相。he had stolen the money.做the truth的同位语从句,用that引导。

5.B,这是一个强调句的变形,强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find的宾语从句,what是被强调的内容。根据句义:我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加这个项目。

6.C,Nancy很快又要有一个孩子了,她希望这是个男孩。指代baby用代词it

二.句型转换:

1.It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work.2.It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.3.It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is 4.It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.三.阅读理解:

A 答案与分析:

1.B 细节判断题,根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知:许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。

2.B 根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。

3.A 根据第三段:Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好”的表示,不应使用。C,D两项代章没有涉及。

4.C 语句理解。根据第一段内容:人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语,要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。

5.C 考查代章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了代章的主题。B 答案与分析:

1.C,根据第三段:“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.”可以得知丈夫在也帮助他们的妻子。

2.B,根据第一段可以知道:在过去,在家庭中夫妻各有分工,充当各自的角色。

3.A,根据最后一段:Mr.Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.可以得出结论。

4.B,根据第一段:The wives’ jobs were to look after them.可以知道过去妻子的任务。

5.D,考查代章的主旨:从全代内容上看,代章讲述了夫妻在家中的关系。

主谓一致

知识总结归纳

(一)概述:

主语与谓语的一致:在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词,助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。

谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。

名词或代词做主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。例句:

1.I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.2.There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.3.John gets up at six o’clock every morning.4.What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ? 5.The family are sitting at the breakfast table.(二)语法一致:

1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:

(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。例句:

① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:

① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.⑤ Law and order has been established.⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.(3)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句:

① Each doctor and(each)nurse was given a new shirt.② No sound and no voice is heard.③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.④ Every minute and every second is precious.2.动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:

① Reading is a great pleasure in life.② To live means to create.③ That we need more time is obvious.④ What is needed is food and medicine.3.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:

① Three thousand miles is a long distance.② Eight hours of sleep is enough.4.不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:

① Is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② Someone wants to see you.(三)就近原则

由连词or, either„or, neither„nor, not only„but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句:

1.Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.2.Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.3.Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.4.George or Tom is wanted.注意:There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句:

1.There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.2.There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.3.Here are some envelopes and paper for you.名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句:

1.All but one were here just now.2.A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.3.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.4.You as well as I are wrong.(四)意义一致 1.代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定 例句:

(1)All hope has gone.(2)All are agreed on this point.(3)—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.(4)None has returned from the meeting.2.集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单,复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。例句:

(1)The class were all cheerful.(2)The team were taking over some new plays.(3)The group are reading the newspapers.(4)The army is going to remain in this town.(5)The army have rescued the travelers.3.限定词短语all of„;none of„;a lot of„;以及分数/百分数+of „.修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时,谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句:

(1)None of these suggestions are very helpful.(2)I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.(3)Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.难点突破

1.主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短代改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时,遇到这样的题时,要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。

2.one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句:

Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.【典型例题】

[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 分析:带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时,谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致,不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式,故选择A。

[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.A.are B.is C.was D.has been 分析:either„or..连接两个名词做主语时,其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致,本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式,故选择A。

[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.A.are greeted B.is greeted C.greets D.have been greeted 分析:根据句意,主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即:乐队指挥兼作曲家,所以主语的内容是单数形式,故选择B。

[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.—But the colour _____ me.A.fit;don’t suit B.fits;doesn’t suit C.fits;don’t suit D.fit;doesn’t suit

分析:trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour是单数,谓语用单数,故选择D。

[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.A.were;were B.was;were C.were;was D.was;was 分析:family指“家庭”为单数,指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭”谓语用was.第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were,故选择B。

[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 分析:当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时,其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时,定语从句则强调the only one,谓语动词用单数。另外,题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时,故选择D。

[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.A.has trained B.have trained C.has been trained D.have been trained 分析:分数+名词做主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式(可数名词或不可数名词)决定,police 是集合名词为复数形式,根据句子意思,police 与train 为被动关系,应用被动语态,故选择D。

短代改错片段:

1.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析:本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式,谓语动词is应改为are.2.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.分析:本句第一行,根据全篇内容的语境,应当是一般现在时,所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行:根据句意:我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致,改为复数形式,strangers.3.But not all information are good to society.分析:主语information是不可数名词,are应改为is

【模拟试题】

1.—Is there anybody in the classroom ? —No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.A.go B.went C.has gone D.have gone 2.—Are these your sheep ? —No.Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.A.are feeding B.feed C.is fed D.is feeding 3.Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A.was B.are C.were D.there was 4.Mr.Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.A.are B.is C.will be D.would be 5.Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.A.is B.has C.are D.have 6.As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.A.are B.was C.is D.were 7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifths;are C.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;is

【试题答案】

1.C

分析:本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同,从句子的语境判断,应当用现在完成时。2.A

分析:mine指my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。

3.A

分析:本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主语是a very shy girl,为单数,全句为过去时。

4.B

分析:全句的核心主语是Mr.Bush,为单数,全句为将来时。

5.C

分析:运用就近原则,谓语动词和主语the students 一致,此处为主系表结构,用be动词。

6.C

分析:主语ten minutes表示时间,被视为一个整体,为单数形式。全句是现在时。

7.D

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