高三化学人教版教案

2025-03-18

高三化学人教版教案（精选8篇）

1.高三化学人教版教案篇一

Unit 13 The Mystery of the Moonstone

Teaching aims:

1. Goals:

Talk about the mystery

Read a detective story

Practise giving advice

Integrative language practice

Write an informal or a formal letter

2. Special focus:

Improve reading skills and Enlarge vocabulary.

a. Direct Ss to read the 3 passages on the text book;

b. Guide Ss to learn to use the following words and expressions: garment, stain, loss, splendid, assist, vital, tension, suspect, reception, astonish, elegant, prescription, religious, enquiry, suspicion, guilty, roundabout, innocent, assume, etc.

c. Improve the abilities of using language by integrative language practice.

Period 1 Reading

The Moonstone (P112-113)

Step 1. Warming up

Task 1. Enable the students to discuss the questions on p111.

Step 2. Scanning

Task 2. Get the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately, and meanwhile help them to form a good habit of reading. Try to find out the main clue of the story.

Step 3. While-reading: Passage Analyzing:

Analyse the structure of the passage:

Part 1 ---- Paragraph 1 : How Rachel gets the Moonstone as her present.

Part 2 ---- Paragraph 2: Rachel’s happy life before her eighteenth birthday party.

Part 3 ---- Para 3-4: What happens at the party.

Part 4 ---- Para 5: the Moonstone is missing and Sergeant Cuff is asked to investigate the case.

Part 5 ---- Paras 6-9: how Sergeant Cuff analyse the case

Part 6 ---- the last paragraph: Sergeant Cuff finds a vital clue of the theft ---- a smear in the wet paint on the door.

Step 4. Post-reading

Exercise 3 on p113

Suspects Reasons for suspicion

The Indians They are not real entertainers but the followers of the moon god. They came to the party only for an opportunity to take the Moonstone back to India.

Dr Candy He stole the diamond in revenge for loss of the diamond at the party.

Godfrey He took the diamond in revenge for Rachel’s refusal when he asked her to marry him or only for a large amount of money.

Rosanna She stole the diamond only either from force of habit or to cause a disagreement between Franklin and Rachel.

Franklin It seems as if he was too enthusiastic to help Mr Cuff to detect the case.

Rachel She was so stubborn in resisting Sergeant Cuff’s enquiries about the diamond. There must be a secret about the Moonstone.

Task 3: What are the main clue of the story?

The detective story develops completely following the structure: the appearance of the Moonstone (receiving from Rachel’s uncle) ---- the loss of the Moonstone ---- the investigation of the Moonstone (and the person who might have stolen it )---- discovery of the truths or facts.

Step 5 Homework

Finish all the exercises on Language Practice on p114-115.

Period 2. Integrating Reading Skills

Solving the Mystery of the Moonstone (P115-117)

Step 1. Revision

1. Check the Ss how further they understand the 1st part of the story.

2. Check the homework.

Step 2. Scan the passage and make out how the story develops:

Part 1---- Paras 1-2: how puzzled Sergeant Cuff was at the case before he knew the truth.

Part 2---- Paras3-7: the things that happened after the diamond had been stolen.

Part 3----Paras 8-9: the result of the case: Sergeant Cuff discovered the thief.

Part 4----: the feeling and thoughts Sergeant Cuff has about the case.

Step 3.Extensive reading:

Period 3. Integrating Reading and Writing Skills

3 Passages on p 243-246

Step 1. Warmming-up

Do the oral pratice on p111, and enable the students to practise giving advice.

Step 2. Reading

Task 2: Read the 3 passages and finish the exercises. If possible, guide the students to analyze some long and complex sentences.

Step 3. Guided Writing

Give Ss 20 minutes to finish the writing assignment on p117,

Then ask Ss to score their work according to the following chart.

3 pluses & 1 wish

Name _______ Title _____________________ Date _______________

+ _________________________________________________________

? _________________________________________________________

Note: How to use this chart effectively?

Ask the student to read his/her deskmate’s writing carefully, and then find 3 valuable things (structure, passage arrangement, sentence, diction, etc) and give 1 suggestion. And then feed the message back. Next, ask the Ss to correct their work according to the chart.

Period 4:

Step 1. Analyze some long sentences:

Deal with some language points and difficult points if necessary. If possible, guide the students to analyze some long and complex sentences. The following sentences in this unit are very important:

When he died he left the Moonstone to his sister’s daughter, in an act of revenge, passing his bad fortune to her.

His move to quit smoking cigars to please her is seen by the servants as evidence that he is in love with Rachel.

Is it coincidence or is it the Moonstone’s bad luck that causes the tension and strange things that happen during the rest of the evenings?

Franklin’s reply that doctors just guess which drug they should recommend, makes Dr Candy extremely angry.

The detective believes that she may have taken the diamond either from force of habit or to cause a disagreement between Rachel and Franklin.

Rachel is stubborn in resisting his enquiries about the Moonstone to the degree that she makes it seem as if she does not want the mystery to be solved.

I was convinced that she had taken her own diamond, and that Rosanna had assisted her.

Step 2: Testing your skills on P242

Step 3: Cloze Test on p246-247

Step 4: Translating on P 247

转自英才苑网站

2.高三化学人教版教案篇二

一、“我们吸入的空气和呼出的气体有什么不同”的探究值得商榷

教材第14-16页探究“我们吸入的空气和呼出的气体有什么不同?”在探究两种气体中的水分不同时, 课文中是这样设计的:“取两块干燥的玻璃片, 对着其中一块呼气, 如图1-19所示, 观察玻璃片的水蒸气的情况, 并与另一块放在空气中的玻璃片作对比”。教材作出如此设计的本意应该是:在操作中, 会看到被呼气的玻璃片上出现水雾, 而放在空气中的玻璃片上则没有, 然后根据这个现象得出“呼出气体中所含水分比吸入的空气中多”的结论。对于这样的设计, 我们认为是不够严谨的。在教学过程中, 有不少学生也提出了同样的质疑。

这无疑是一个利用控制变量法进行探究的对照实验, 对照实验一般只能控制一个变量, 可这个对照实验中却出现了两个变量:水分和温度。被呼气的玻璃片上出现水雾, 主要是因为呼出气体与玻璃片之间存在温差 (呼出气体的温度高于玻璃片的温度) 。空气中也有水分, 为什么放在空气中的玻璃片上没有出现水雾?那是因为空气与玻璃片之间没有温差。试想:如果被呼气的玻璃片与呼出气体之间没有温差, 还会看到被呼气的玻璃片上出现水雾吗?所以, 根据“被呼气的玻璃片上出现水雾, 而放在空气中的玻璃片上没有出现水雾”这个现象, 得出“呼出气体中所含水分比吸入的空气中多”的结论是不够严谨的。

在学生质疑时, 我们不失时机地组织了学生进行讨论:你认为应该怎样改进?各个小组通过讨论提出了不少的改进意见, 我认为可行的主要有: (1) 用一个较大的注射器装满空气, 放在约37℃的热水中浸泡一段时间后, 再向原来“放在空气中的玻璃片”上打气, 然后与被呼气的玻璃片进行比较; (2) 将一个干净的小塑料袋含在口中, “吸”满空气后用口包一会儿, 再向原来“放在空气中的玻璃片”上“呼气”, 然后与被呼气的玻璃片进行比较。这两个设计中, 都解决了原来教材设计中的两个变量问题, 即把温度都控制得一样了, 只留下了“水分”这个变量不同。通过实践, 发现被呼气的玻璃片上出现的水雾比另一块玻璃片上的多, 由此说明呼出气体中所含水分比吸入的空气中的多。很显然, 这样的改进是科学的、严谨的。

二、对“化学反应前后物质的质量有没有变化”的探究的质疑

在教材第90-91页, 课文作出了如图A所示的设计:

如果按照以上设计去操作的话, 实验是很难成功的, 原因是:导管下端与白磷靠得太近, 白磷燃烧产生的火焰或温度很高的气流会使气球破裂。

历经多次失败后, 我对原实验设计作出了改进:把导管下端改成“U”形 (如图B所示) 。将导管下端改成“U”形后, 既能利用“U”形导管底端引燃白磷, 又可使导管口远离燃烧的白磷, 防止气球破裂, 从而使实验很容易成功。还可以作出这样的改进:把原设计中的导管插浅一点, 引发反应时把锥形瓶放在石棉网上用酒精灯加热来引燃白磷。尽管操作上要麻烦一点, 却可保证实验成功。

三、对书写化学方程式的步骤的描述的商讨

在教材第98页, 编者对书写化学方程式的步骤进行了详细的描述。在第一步中作了这样一个说明: (在括号内) “或标出一个指向生成物的箭头”。化学方程式中要用等号, 如果先使用了箭头, 试问:在第三步中把箭头改成等号方便吗?所以, 这个说明是没必要的, 应该删去。

3.高三化学人教版教案篇三

关键词：化学与生活；教学思路；弱势生

一、我对《化学与生活》教材的理解

我校高二文科的学生学习高中化学选修1《化学与生活》教材，课程旨在引导学生运用实验探究、调查访问、查阅资料、交流讨论等多种学习方式，进一步体会化学与生活、科学技术和社会发展的关系在此过程，进一步学习和巩固化学学科的基础知识和基本技能，以及掌握化学的研究方法。《化学与生活》的教学是以学生的生活经验出发，认识化学对人类生活的影响，通过学习，使学生能结合化学知识来解释和判断生活中的有关问题，体会化学知识对提高人们生活质量所产生的积极作用，从而认识学习化学知识的重要性。

二、教学思路

1、阅读教材，利用表格归纳知识，便于记忆。选取该教材中的与生活和生产紧密结合的内容作为素材，来考查必修教材的知识，是新课程注重化学知识在实际生活生产中的应用的重要体现。由于教材中很多内容以大量的文字叙述或图片来呈现化学物质的用途。因此学习方式应以学生阅读为主，以学案的形式要求学生对课文进行归纳总结，抓住重点，通过列表、对比，易于记忆，不易产生混淆。

2、巩固旧知，紧扣必修教材的知识，落实基础。高中学业水平考试以考查必修教材为主，而《化学与生活》教材的考查作为选考题也纳入了高中学业水平考试的内容。因此，在该教材的教学中如何结合必修教材的知识要求进行教学，是我们要进行研究的重点，从而为接下来进行必修教材的复习打下一定的基础。

例、第三章第2节金属的腐蚀与防护1、氧化还原反应：氧化还原反应的特征：。氧化还原反应的本质：。

2、原电池（1）形成条件：①负极：还原型物质（金属）正极：氧化型物质（）②溶液③连接（闭合电路）（2）原电池是可以实现化学能转换为电能的装置，反应是使化学能转换电能的关键。负极会电子，发生反应。正极会电子，发生反应。

（3）在铜锌原电池中，以硫酸铜为电解质溶液（如图）。

锌为极，电极上发生的是反应（“氧化”或“还原”），电极反应式为，观察到的现象为；铜为极，电极上发生的是反应（“氧化”或“还原”），电极反应式为，铜片观察

3、重视实验，重点掌握实验的原理和对实验现象的描述，培养能力。教材中有4个验证性实验和6个科学探究实验，要求学生通過实验了解生活中常见物质的性质，同时也是培养学生提高化学学科素质的过程。如设计实验的能力、观察实验的能力以及书写探究实验报告的能力等。

4、研读课标，明确考核要求，关注弱势生。认真研读《课标》和高中化学学业水平考试考核要求，对弱势生要进行辅导，力求能根据考核内容逐项过关，加大训练力度。我校高二文科学生大多物理化学基础知识较差才选择了文科，学习成绩不良原因是多方面的，有客观的，有主观的。客观因素除学生自身的生理和智力有缺陷外，还有在心理上和学习上遇到的困难，没及时解决等方面。但是，要使弱势学生的学习成绩提高，归根到底要落实到学生自身的主观因素上来。许多弱势生的问题不在智力方面，而在于未得到各自所需的及时的关心和帮助。因此，教师无论在日常生活中还是在教学活动中，对弱势生都要格外关心爱护，多了解他们的思想状况和学习困难。我认为，我们每一个教师一定要从弱势生的心理上和学习上遇到的困难着手，从学生自身的主观因素上来落实对学困生进行循循善诱的启发和引导，进而促进其学习成绩不断提高，最终达到促进学习困难学生全面发展的目的。

4.高三化学人教版教案篇四

Warming up

Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name

Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.

Pre-reading

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

While-reading

Fast reading

How many people are mentioned in the passage?

Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook

Careful reading

1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________.D

A.studied by doctors B.unknown to anyone C.fully developed D.a branch of medicine

2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies.C

A.rose and peony B.tea and apple C.cocoa and hemp D.Cocoa and lemon

3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research.A

A.Joseph Banks B.Captain Cook C.Linnaeus D. Daniel Solander

4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ .C

A.the importance of botany B.how to classify plant species into groups

C.Linnaeus’contribution to botany D.Linnaeus’discoveries about different species

5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C

A.one B.Two C.Three D.four

Post-reading

1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?

To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.

3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?

Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.

4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?

When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.

Integrating skills

Scanning

Find out the important people mentioned in the text.

Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria

Gote Turesson From Sweden

Choose the best answers according to the passage

1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C

A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants

B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants

C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants

D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants

2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B

A. small beaks l hard seeds B.broad beaks;hard seeds

C. hard beaks;hard seeds D.broad beaks;soft seeds

3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ . C

A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C.the Beagle D.space

4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D

A.the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment

B.the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand

C.the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment

D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .

5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B

A.he was invited to join scientific expedition

B.he was interested in them

C.he could do a lot Of experiments

D.he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”

Fill in the following blanks

Scientist

Research/experiment

Result

Charles Darwin

The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses

There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

Gregor Mendel

Flowers and peas

Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.

Gote Turesson

A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast

Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.

The text can be divided into four parts

Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.

Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.

Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study

Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.

Important sentences in the passage

1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.

2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.

4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.

Translate the following phrases into English:

详细地 in detail 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of

由……负责 in the charge of 任命某人为……appoint sb. as

将……分类成classify…into… 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…

一代一代传下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…;以…为基础be based on

参与; 陷入 ……的活动be involved in 根据;视……而定;按照according to

搜索;寻找 search for 总而言之 altogether

match…with (在品质;颜色;设计等方面)相等，相当，相配

at the age of 在……岁时 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯

on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地 year after year 年年;年复一年

pass away 逝世 name…after 给……取名;命名

take care of 关心;照顾 classify…into 分类;归类

develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友 born into 出生

have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)

lie in 在于 related to 与……有关

the key to 关键是(在于) adapt to 适应于

be sunken into 堕入 a bunch of flowers

at first sight lead a cosy life

make two more voyages be involved in

lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between

pass on from on generation to the next form the belief

in view adapt to the new environment

Unit 5 Getting the message

Reading:

Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart

Items

Ad 1

Ad 2

Ad 3

The products they persuade you to buy

Advanced electronic roducts

Shampoo

Soft drinks

How to persuade

By using abstract design, slogan and pictures

By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products

By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products

The message each ad gives

High quality,

Help customers to succeed

Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers

Help athletes to refresh themselves.

How is the information conveyed

Pictures, slogan, spokesman

Products,slogan, pictures

Pictures,slogan, products

Words related to advertising

advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to

Pre-reading

Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students

Advantages Disadvantages

Provide information Mislead customers

Increase sales Give false or incorrect information

Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products

…

1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.

2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477

3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920

4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2

Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph

Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere

Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.

Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.

Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.

Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.

Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.

Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.

Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.

Answer the following questions

Fast reading

1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2

2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3

3.What is the most important function of ads? P5

4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8

Careful reading

1.Why is advertising popular?

2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?

3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?

4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?

5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?

6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?

Choose the best answers:

1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D

A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios

C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.

2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A

A increase product sales B make a product more expensive

C increase production D reduce the costs of a product

3.Advertising is a highly developed . B

A information B industry C trade D science

4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B

A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place

5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C

A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.

C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.

6.The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C

A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by

8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A

A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others

B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying

D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying

9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B

A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders

10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D

A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits

B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits

C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits

D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits

11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A

A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often

C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads

12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A

A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures

C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers

13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C

A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production

C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive

14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C

A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.

B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.

C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.

D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.

15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C

A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.

C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.

16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C

A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads

C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads

T or F

1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )

2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )

3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )

4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )

5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )

6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )

7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )

Difficult sentences

1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.

2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.

3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.

4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.

Integrating skills

Fill in the blanks for the revision

Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.

People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers

make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.

Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware

of their social problems and policies.

Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.

II Lead-in

1 what product do they persuade you to buy?

2 what information about product can you get?

3 How is the information conveyed?

4 What are the skills of making good ads?

III Reading

1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?

2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?

3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?

4 How are the ads presented ?

How to create a positive image of the product

Choose the words and brand names A good slogan

1 tell the consumer about 1 should be catchy

the advantages of the product 2 easy to remember

2 choose a funny name 3 convey a message

3 use a well-known word

4 choose names from old stories

5 invent a new word

Ads are started with a puzzle or question

And presented in a humorous way

in order to 为的是;目的在于 take …into consideration 考虑某事物

compare…with…把……与……比较(对比) complain about 对某人与某物抱怨

in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的

with the develop of 随着……发展 on the other hand 另一方面

get… across 传播或为人理解 instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)

appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿) armed with用…… 做准备;备有

make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到 keep an eye out for留心或注意到某人或某事物

protect…from… 防护而不受 at the right time 在恰当的时候

point out to (向某人)指出;使注意 make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通

accuse…of… 指责;控告 attach to 系;贴;固定;附着

differ from 不同于 attach importance to 给予重视

start with 以开始 with the purpose of 以为目的

point out 指出 refer to 指/参考

think twice 慎重考虑 large amounts of money

make good choices out of ten

take a critical attitude towards advertisements with the purpose of

a series of at a loss

profit by / from

Unit 6

Reading

Lead-in and Pre-reading

1. Who the Native Americans were? Where did they live and what do you know about their life?

The Native Americans were the Indian. They lived in the vast land of West America and their life was simple and hard. They hunt for food and rode on horses.

2. History counts many cases in which settlers moved into areas that belonged to other people. Can you give some examples? What happened?

The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia, and the second from Europe and Africa. The first movement began probably 25, 000 years ago when Siberian tribes, in search of new hunting grounds or of refuge from pursuing enemies, crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska. By 1492, over 10-20 million people, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus, inhabited the Americans. They developed their own aboriginal cultures, which ranged from the simple to the complex, from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.

3. The new settlements in America soon became known as the Wild West. Why?

Because the western states of the US during the years were settled by the first Europeans. There was not much respect for the law there.

Read the text then answer some questions.

1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10

2 How long did the journey last? About a year

3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas

4.What does “account” in the first line means?

The “account” here means description. For example, “She gave the police a full account of the incident.”

5. In paragraph two, the author mentioned Indian Greek. Where was it and was it very important?

It was in Kansas. It was the frontier at that time and also the meeting place for people moving to the west.

6. Do you know what difficulties they ran into during the journey?

They entered the desert and lost their way, and didn’t have enough water to drink. Their animals died from lack of water.

7. According to the fourth paragraph, why do people call the desert Death Valley?

People showed coldness and were not willing to help others in trouble. They abandoned everything they could. Valley is in chaos and full of dead animals. Therefore, we called it Death Valley.

8. Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?

Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.

9. What is the theme of this passage?

If you make unremitting efforts, you will achieve your goals. Don’t give up before difficulties.

Listening

Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.

Post-reading

Exercise1. True or False

1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)

2.When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)

3. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.

Exercise 2

Choose the best answers

1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C

A. California was in desert B. California was far away

C. California was a wonderful land described in a book

D. California was the largest state in the USA

2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A

A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert

3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B

A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.

4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D

A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.

C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.

5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B

A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45

6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A

A. Because that meant he/she would die.

B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.

C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.

D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.

7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C

A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.

C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.

8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A

A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.

C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.

9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D

A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long

B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California

C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end

D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California

10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B

A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive

C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life

Questions:

1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.

2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?

We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.

3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?

1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.

2)The courage of the people impresses me most.

Passage analysis

1. What the writing techniques of this text are?

A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.

B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.

C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life that he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.

2. What is the writing style of the text?

The text is a narrative writing, which related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. The text, which uses the first person to relate the hero’s true experiences, gives us a vivid description.

3.What is the main idea of the text?

The text related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moving to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. When they came across the problems, they didn’t escape them. However, they faced reality and solved the problems. They insisted on and made unremitting efforts, so they made their dream come true. Moreover, An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle - perseverance will prevail.

4. What’s the purpose of the writer?

The writer wanted to tell us “When one comes across the problems, one shouldn’t escape them. However, he should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as he overcomes the difficulties and never gives up, he will achieve his goals and succeed. Moreover, he has dreams in his heart. As long as he insists on and makes unremitting efforts, I believe he will make his dreams come true some day. In fact, life itself is a battle. Natural environment and nature are your enemies. If you defeat them, you can live in the world, or it is death that is waiting for you.”

5. What can we learn from this text?

We learned that during our lifetime, we may run into many difficulties. When we come across the problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead, we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. Moreover, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist on and make unremitting efforts, we will make our dreams come true one day.

Integrating skills

Lead-in

What did he describe in the novel The Call of Wild by Jack London? And where did the story happen?

This story happened in Alaska, a far and cold land. It described the life of a dog named Buck as well as other dogs’ encounter.

Reading

1. Who do you think the three persons are? What are they talking about?

I think Mr. Rivers is the host of a program. I guess Mr. Parks is a historian or something else. Ms. Welch is the granddaughter of Dr Welch. And Dr Welch was a doctor of a small city called Nome.

2. Where did the story happen? And what happened to the children?

The story happened in a small city called Nome. Some children in the city had a terrible disease and they would die if they couldn’t get enough vaccine.

3. Where could they get the vaccine that would save the children?

A hospital in Anchorage had a good supply of vaccine. It was far away from Nome.

4. What difficulties did they meet on the way and how did they overcome them?

They faced many difficulties. First, the time was limited. The children would die if their treatment was delayed too long. Second, at that time, the sea was frozen and the only two planes had been stored, nothing got to Nome quickly. Third, The Arctic winter was very cold and there were terrible storms.

Difficulties with the medicine delivery

Their attitudes and solutions

Traffic problems: The sea frozen; the only two planes stored; no quick traffic

A train took the medicine from Anchorage to Nenana; A relay of dog teams between Nenana and Nome

Snow storms and low temperature

Kept going without stop

Time limitation

Covered almost 700 miles in little more than 127 hours

Post-reading

Questions on P53 and P54.

5.高三化学人教版教案篇五

1845年的春天，我父亲读了一本关于加利福尼亚的书。这篇关于落基山山脉以外的那片神奇土地的描述使他萌生了移居到那里的想法。不到半年之后，我们把所有的行李搬上马车，离开了我们的农场。决定带走什么和留下什么不是件容易的事情。到十月中旬，我们开始了一次跨越大陆的旅行--大约历时一年，历经2500多英里。和我们同路的还有很多其他家庭。大部分马车是由牛来拉的，但我们的是马。

我们旅行经过四个州后，决定先度过冬天再继续前行。到了春天，我们继续往西走。我们的第一个目的是堪萨斯州的印第安克里克，这里当时还是边疆地区。这是所以西行的人们碰面的地方。1846年4月12日是我们大家决定准备出发的日子。我们又和45辆马车一起出发了。

我们白天赶路。晚上，我们点燃篝火，让马车围在篝火的周围。我们穿过了位于这块大陆中心的山脉和沙漠，这是一次非常有挑战性的旅行。有时，再没有路的地方，我们不得不抬起或者拉着马车。穿过沙漠，我们来到了盐湖谷，对我们来说那是非常美丽的地方。我们沿着盐湖周围的路走了不久就来到了盐湖沙漠。1846年11月4日，我们进入了沙漠地区，但很快就迷路了。我们在没有水喝，动物没有草吃的情况下又走了大约90公里。我们称之为“长途跋涉”。土地干燥而贫瘠。地图上标明的水域结果是咸水塘，不能喝。我们无法驾着马车，只能在它们旁边走。大部分路程，我都要背着只有四岁的小儿子。牛群又累又饿。它们拖着腿，因为太疲劳而拖不动重物。因为严重缺水，它们的舌头伸在外面。但是，我们的水实在太少了，不敢分给它们喝。由于动物们实在拉不动马车了，我们只好焚调马车，把行李装在牛身上。现在我们需要再徒步行走500公里。

几个星期以来，我们已经习惯了看到马和牛，习惯了炎热、饥渴和饥肠辘辘的感觉。现在事情更加糟糕。绵延几英里，路的两旁到处都是动物的尸体和被遗弃的马车。其中还有凌乱的散落的链子、枪、工具、床、衣服和很多其他物品。主人已丢弃了一切，匆匆赶路，以保住性命。大家都急切地想到达安全地带，途中没有人停下来寻求帮助。事实上，当时的情景如此让人绝望，大部分情况下，没有人能够帮助其他人。每个人所能做的事情就是保住自己和动物的性命。我们称之为死亡谷。

我筋疲力尽，只得跪到地上，四肢着地，在沙上爬行。有个年轻人建议我和孩子们停下来，等待救助。我明白他的意思。我站起来说“不!我不会放弃!”我知道放弃便意味着沙漠里多出一个浅浅的小坟堆。

6.初三化学教案人教版篇六

本章是正式系统学习化学的第一章，带领学生进入化学课堂、走进绚丽多彩的化学世界。教材介绍了生活中形形色色的化学物品、精彩而神秘的化学变化，让学生了解化学课的学习内容、认识化学变化的基本特征，初步形成“物质是变化的”这一基本哲学观点，激发学生对化学的好奇心和学习。通过如何探究物质的性质的活动，体验科学探究的重要性，认识科学探究的主要步骤，培养学生合作与交流的习惯和能力。

学情分析本章是化学启蒙教育的第一章，带领学生走进化学课堂，通过对一门新功课的学习，激发学生对化学学习的兴趣。教材介绍了生活中形形色色的化学物品，让学生认识化学课学习的内容，认识化学变化的基本特征，初步形成物质是变化的这一基本的哲学观点，增强学生对化学的好奇心和学习。

教学目标知识与技能：

1、了解化学课学习的内容，玻璃仪器的洗涤，物理性质与化学性质的概念;

2、了解药品的取用方法和加热操作，物理变化与化学变化的判断，科学探究的主要步骤。

过程与方法：

1、通过对一些生活简单变化的分析，认识化学变化的基本特征;

2、通过对化学实验的基本操作及安全知识的学习，培养学生良好的实验习惯;

3、通过对铜加热变黑实验的探究，了解科学探究的主要步骤。

情感态度价值观：

通过对一门新功课的学习憧憬和疑问，激发学生对化学课学习的兴趣，使学生认识到化学是现代社会不可缺少的一门重要科学。

7.高三化学人教版教案篇七

1.知识目标:懂得道德的时代性, 知道道德总是随着时代的发展而被赋予新的内涵;知道思想道德建设在社会主义先进文化建设中的地位、作用及其主要内容。

2.能力目标:牢固树立社会主义思想道德观念, 尤其是社会主义荣辱观, 自觉抵制各种拜金主义、享乐主义和极端个人主义思想观念的侵袭, 成为一个遵守社会主义道德的好公民。

3.情感、态度、价值观目标:增强对中华传统美德与党的优良传统的认同感, 自觉弘扬中华传统美德;以实际行动践行“八荣八耻”;自觉遵守社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德。

二、重难点分析

1.重点:思想道德建设是社会主义文化建设的中心环节;建立社会主义思想道德体系。

2.难点:如何建立社会主义思想道德体系。

三、教学方法构思

主要采用情境教学法。通过创设富有教育意义的生活情境、问题情境和活动情境, 引导学生开展自主合作探究学习, 发挥学生的主体地位, 教师的主导作用定位于课堂的组织者、活动的协调者和学生学习的促进者、赞美者, 进行民主、平等、和谐的教学活动。

四、教学进程设计

【情景导入】

课前播放《爱的奉献》Flash音乐, 用动听的歌声、真实的生活场景感染学生的心灵, 营造轻松的课堂氛围, 引导学生的思维。

在2007年9月20日“公民道德日”这一天, 新中国成立以来规模最大、规格最高、选拔最广的道德模范评选结果隆重揭晓。让我们扬起“道德”的旗帜, 以“道德”的名义, 一同来感受“道德”的力量!请欣赏《道德的力量》颁奖晚会片段第三幕《诚实守信》。

【情景分析】

(一) 我心目中的道德典范

◇探究活动一:

·在武秀君这个普通农妇身上, 最让你感动的是什么?

·在她的身上, 体现了中华民族哪些传统美德?

·结合课本, 说说不同历史时期的道德典范具有什么共同特点?

学生思考、探究、交流, 教师组织、引导, 鼓励学生参与, 分享故事, 分享心得。

(1) 我们进行思想道德建设的宝贵资源。

(2) 我们要联系新时期新阶段的实际, 加强社会主义思想道德建设。

(二) 紧紧抓住中心环节

1. 思想道德建设的重要地位和作用

◇探究活动二:“发展先进文化, 关键是发展先进的科学技术, 只有多几次‘神舟’上天, 多几次‘嫦娥’奔月, 才是在推进先进文化的发展, 至于思想道德建设则无所谓。”你同意这个同学的看法吗?请说明理由。

学生思考、探究、交流, 教师组织、引导, 鼓励学生参与。

2. 社会主义思想道德建设的主要内容

学生阅读课本, 结合以前所学知识, 分析理解。教师组织、引导, 鼓励学生参与。

出示课件, 从党、国家和公民三个角度进行归纳分析。

(三) 建立社会主义思想道德体系

1. 应该与社会主义市场经济相适应

◇探究活动三:分组讨论课本P107页四种观点。教师组织学生合作探究, 点拨学生思考、鼓励同学参与、肯定赞赏学生深刻的理解、独到的见解和积极参与的精神。

联系情景导入时播放的诚实守信故事, 并指出, 社会主义市场经济越发展, 越需要不断丰富社会主义思想道德的内容。其中, 特别要强调以诚实守信为重点。

2. 应该与社会主义法律规范相协调

◇探究活动四:你能否引述与上述道德规范相关的法律条文?

学生思考、探究、交流, 教师组织、引导, 鼓励学生参与。

3. 应该与中华民族传统美德相承接

传统美德是传统道德中的精华。今天我们大力倡导的基本道德规范, 充分体现了中华传统美德的精华, 即它是精华中的精华, 是对中华民族传统美德的继承、发展和创新, 是人人应该遵循的基本行为准则。

4. 必须牢固树立社会主义荣辱观

在我们的社会主义社会里, 是非、善恶、美丑的界线绝对不能混淆, 坚持什么、反对什么, 倡导什么、抵制什么, 都必须旗帜鲜明。

【情景回归】

8.高三化学人教版教案篇八

一、教材的新特点

（一）依据学生的认知规律和接受能力，改变了过分强调知识的逻辑性倾向，对概念的定义不再过于强调严密性

例如，镁条可以在二氧化碳中燃烧，氯气可以在氢气中燃烧，这些例子说明燃烧不一定要有氧气。但是对于初中生而言，由于对化学知识了解不多，在日常生活中接触到的燃烧现象几乎都是在空气中发生，并且都是在有氧气存在的条件下发生，因此他们还处于化学学习的启蒙阶段，教学时教师对这些内容的教学不能要求过高，不能过于强调严密性。教材将“燃烧”的概念定义为：可燃物与氧气发生的一种发光、放热的剧烈的氧化反应。学生在理解“燃烧”这个概念时，只要知道燃烧所需的3个条件即可：一是可燃物；二是有氧气或者空气；三是达到燃烧所需的最低温度。其他的并不要求进一步深入了解。同样的，氧化还原反应的相关概念也比较简单，即物质与氧气发生的反应属于氧化反应，含氧化合物里的氧被夺去的反应叫做还原反应。新课标只要求学生知道在化学反应中能够提供氧气的物质具有氧化性，能够夺取氧的物质具有还原性即可，并没有像以前那样要求学生从电子得失的角度来理解相关概念。

（二）注重培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，强调学生的参与探究，改变了学生的学习方式

化学教材新增加了“活动与探究”学习内容32个，“调查及研究”学习内容13个，“讨论”这一学习内容从旧版本的14个增加至35个，“家庭实验”这一学习内容由旧版本的9个增加至10个。“探究活动”“讨论与交流”“调查研究”等内容，为学生提供了多样化的学习情境；而“学生实验活动”等板块，则有利于学生动手实践，掌握基本的实验操作技能。

（三）关注学生的已有知识和经验，改变过去只注重化学知识而脱离社会实际的倾向，将化学教学与社会实际相结合，同时融入学习过程、学习方法和情感价值观，体现了人文素养的培养

例如，化学教材增加了如下内容：1.在航天、潜水、电焊时氧气所起的供给呼吸和助燃作用；2.煤矿瓦斯爆炸的预防，面粉厂、加油站等易燃易爆物品的防爆防燃知识；3.现代汽车、轮船和航天所使用的合金材料的用途及其发展前景；4.纯羊毛与合成纤维的鉴别实验等。这些学习内容都是从学生感兴趣的角度出发，让学生明白学好化学对生活所具有的意义，同时也体现了化学与社会生活的密切联系。

（四）注重学生的认知差异，改变了过去学习内容“一刀切”的模式，实行因材施教，促进学生个性特长的发展

事实上，学生的发展情况以及对知识的接受能力都存在一定的差异，教学中我们不能用同一标准来衡量学生，而应当按照学生个体的差异来制定不同的教学模式，采取不同的教学方法，甚至在教学内容上也可以有一定的差异。在这方面，化学教材在内容设计上也具有一定的弹性，如编入了4个拓展性课题：最轻的气体——氢气的性质及用途；石油和煤的综合利用；溶液、乳浊液和悬浊液；物质的分类。学有余力的学生可进行探究学习。

（五）改变了枯燥乏味的版面模式，在版面设计上力求新颖活泼

在教材版式设计方面，教材以单元课题的形式突出主题，增加了插图、图表。以图表文，使化学知识变得直观形象，而以图代文，则有利于学生理解化学知识，突破学习难点。

例如，呈现分子和原子的概念时，教材采用了不同颜色的圆圈分别表示原子和分子，让学生根据不同颜色的圆圈区分原子和分子，这样就把原本抽象的微观概念转化成为形象的事物，体现了原子与分子之间的联系与区别，有利于学生理解概念。

再如，在讲述“原子形成离子并达到相对稳定结构”这一内容时，教材采用了以图表文、以图代文的表现方式：钠原子踢掉它自身的一个电子变成钠离子而达到相对稳定结构，恰巧氯原子也要变成离子才能达到相对稳定结构，于是它便接住了钠原子丢掉的那个电子，最终二者形成了相对稳定结构。教材通过图文结合的方式，呈现了原子变成离子而达到相对稳定结构的过程，十分生动形象，学生很容易就掌握了这一内容。

又如，以如何正确书写化学方程式为例，教材采用“卡通人物分别站在天秤两端”的形式，说明正确书写化学方程式要遵守两个原则。学生可以通过计算卡通人物的种类和数量是否相等来理解书写化学方程式时要遵守客观事实，也可以通过观察天秤两端是否平衡来理解书写化学方程式要遵守质量守恒定律。

事实证明，教材的改变受到了师生的欢迎，达到了使学生“保持和增强对生活和自然界中化学现象的好奇心和探究欲，发展学习化学的兴趣”的学习目标。

二、教学建议

教学犹如乐队演奏，乐队拥有优秀的指挥，选择了好的乐曲，如果没有演奏家们对乐队指挥的认同以及对乐曲的理解，就不可能演奏出华美的乐章。同样，在化学教学中，教师采取何种教学方式和教学方法非常重要，只有对新课标和化学教材有着深刻地理解和把握，才可能实现有效教学，达成教学目标。

首先，教师要改变观念，将教与学的位置摆正，教学要体现学生是学习的主人，学生处于主体地位，教师处于从属地位，是教学的组织者、观察者、引导者和帮扶者。教学时，教师要将课堂还给学生。只有这样，才能让学生真正地“动”起来，让他们有更多的思维空间和时间，从而真正成为学习的主人。

其次，教师要改变教学行为，使学生变“要我学”为“我要学”，变“学会”为“会学”，变“学生积极配合”为“积极配合学生”，变“授鱼”为“授渔”，从而实现课堂教学形式的真正变革。教学设计要充分体现能够提高学生“四种能力”的教学目标，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，教师可从以下几个方面去做。

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第一，注重培养学生的自学能力。自学是人类获取知识、提高技能的重要途径，自学能力以“吸取—组织—分析—运用”作为运行机制，在整个学习过程中，学生将获取的信息与已有知识经验相结合，对给出的信息进行分析、判断，进而解决新问题，这是培养学生具备创新意识的基础。因此，在课堂教学组织形式的选择上，教师应当充分调动学生的眼、耳、口、手、脑，提高学生获取知识和掌握技能的效率，使学生在学习过程中做到认真阅读、细心观察、专心倾听、积极讨论、动手实验、梳理提高。例如，教师可以让学生用思维导图的方式将某一章节某一课时的学习内容在预习后进行归纳、整理，然后完成相应的作业，从而培养学生的自学能力。

第二，设置具体路径培养学生的观察能力。观察是学生获取知识的基本途径，也是认识客观事物的方法，更是思维的基础。在化学教学中，培养学生的观察能力主要包括对化学实验过程的观察，对物质结构图形、模型的观察，对自然、科学、生产、生活等现象的观察以及对观察结果进行初步加工的能力。

具体而言，教师可以在课前要求学生对某一具体的实验进行预测推理，带着问题观察实验过程。学生观察演示实验过程，有利于快速理解化学知识，而如果没有教师的引导和提示，学生往往会被新奇的实验现象所吸引，出现观察无目标的情况，从而无法达到教学目标。因此，教师在演示实验操作时要引导学生掌握观察的方法，如观察哪些现象，如何将观察到的现象用化学语言描述出来，并尽量通过提问的方式检查学生观察的情况，从而提高学生的观察能力。

第三，开展实验，培养学生的实验能力。实验能力包括采取正确的实验方法完成化学实验的能力、实验操作（观察和记录实验现象、分析实验结果、处理实验数据、得出正确结论）能力、初步处理实验中安全问题的能力、识别典型实验装置图的能力以及根据实验要求设计简单实验方案的能力。

教师在教学中如何利用实验培养学生的实验能力呢？简单地说，就是能动手操作的就不要进行模拟演示，给学生动手操作的机会。因此，教师要尽可能地创造条件让学生到实验室独立完成实验。在实验中，学生通常会边做实验边讨论，此时教师只要给予适当的指导和点拨即可，如果实验成功了，学生就会获得成就感，进而激发其学习化学的兴趣；如果实验失败了，学生也能够从中总结经验，加深对知识的理解。总之，学生动手操作实验，是提高实验能力的最佳途径。

第四，创设问题，培养学生的思维能力。思维能力是诸种能力的核心，它包括思维的敏捷性（灵活性、针对性、适应性）、思维的严密性（科学性、精确性、逻辑性、深刻性）、思维的整体性（广阔性、综合性）、思维的创造性等。培养学生的化学思维能力，教师可以从细微处入手，如剖析实验过程、梳理习题的解答思路、演绎推理化学基本原理。其实，每一个思考的过程都是培养学生化学思维的载体。比如，教学《二氧化碳和一氧化碳》这节内容，教师可以通过4个对比实验来说明二氧化碳溶于水发生了化学变化，即：给4朵石蕊干花分别喷上醋酸、水，放入CO2，喷水后放入CO2，让学生观察喷了醋酸和喷水后放入CO2的干花变红的过程，并分析讨论是什么让干花变红了，从而证明二氧化碳与水发生反应，生成了碳酸。这样的教学过程能够让学生在观察实验的过程中深入思考、开拓思维。

初中化学教学要让学生学会用科学的方法认识化学现象和自然世界，这是新课标提出的要求，也是教学的目标，而如何使学生在学习化学之后仍能“保持和增强对生活和自然界中化学现象的好奇心和探究欲，发展学习化学的兴趣”，则是化学教师应有的追求。因此，教师必须深入解读新课标，吃透教材，选取合适的教学方法进行教学。

（作者简介：孙益辉，特级教师，“广西特级教师工作坊”坊主，多年担任广西中小学高级职称评委，是广西特级教师评审专家，主持的全国教育科学十一五规划教育部重点课题《六年一贯制农村中学因材施教人才培养模式的实验研究》顺利结题并获得良好等级，出版教育专著一部，在核心刊物和省级刊物发表论文多篇。）

（责编欧孔群）

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