考研英语 四种类型长难句解析

2025-03-21|版权声明|我要投稿

考研英语 四种类型长难句解析(共11篇)

1.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇一

英语考研长难句练习题和解析

【提要】考研英语信息 : 【5】

The trouble is, as soon as you’ve been given a clean bill of health you’re back at your desk, facing the same situation that led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place.

【核心词汇】

bill n.法案,账单,清单

depression n.沮丧,不景气

compulsive a.强制的`,强迫的

as soon as一……就

【结构分析】

主干是主系表结构The trouble is...其中表语部分由从句充当。在表语从句中,包含as soon as,翻译为“一……就……”,它引导条件状语从句as soon as you’ve been given a clean bill of health。现在分词短语facing the same situation作you’re back at your desk的伴随状语,关系代词that引导的定语从句led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place修饰先行词the same situation,that在从句中做主语,lead to意为“导致”。

【参考译文】

问题是,一旦你得到清楚的健康证明,你就得立刻回到你的办公桌,并且首先就要面对与原来曾导致沮丧和强迫性行为问题的同样的情形。

2.迎战英语长难句汉译 篇二

笔译实务考试是考生备考重点,而长难句子的翻译又是难点。这要求考生不仅要正确理解,捋顺句子逻辑,更要翻译通顺,符合汉语习惯。

英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列、平行。因其并列成分多、修饰语多、逻辑层次多而结构复杂,这就需要根据上下文,明确语法和语义的逻辑结构。

一、四步解析长难句

以下句为例:

At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than

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ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds

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and in some cases thousands of years to build.(2004年11月英语二级《笔译实务》)

第一步,找出句子主干。

所谓一个萝卜一个坑,明确了主、谓、宾就不怕理解不了句子的原意。1. technology是主语,2. has enabled作谓语,3. fishermen作宾语。例句中的主谓宾结构比较简单,没有被状语和其他从句隔开。

第二步,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词。

例句分了三级结构,主句套了两级从句,分别由where和what引导。所以上句三组谓语结构——A. has enabled; B. can destroy; C. has taken。介词短语有at the same time, in minutes和in some cases。

第三步,分析从句和短语的功能,即从句类型——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系。

以上句为例,4. to reach into是fishermen的宾补,5. where引导的是areas的定语从句,6. destroy是where从句的谓语,7. what引导destroy的宾语从句。

第四步,分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

这样分解细化后,长句变成了短句,难句变成了简单句,逻辑结构自然一目了然。

【参考译文】但与此同时,渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方,进行海底拖网捕捞,而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年产生的一切毁灭。

二、长难句翻译攻略四法

一般来说,翻译长句有顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法四种。现分别举例说明这四种方法。

顺序法

有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,可按原文顺序译出。

【例句】To fuse atoms together on the earth requires much higher temperature than in the sun in order to compensate for the lack of the sun's crushing gravitational pressure.

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【分析】按意群的关系,该句可以拆分为两层:第一层主句To fuse atoms together on the earth主语;requires谓语;much higher temperature宾语;第二层是in order to引导目的状语。上述两层意思的逻辑关系以及表达顺序基本上与汉语一致,只是形容词的比较级根据汉语的表达习惯把“in the sun”前置。

【参考译文】在地球上把原子熔聚在一起,要求比太阳内的温度高的多的温度,以补偿它所缺少的在太阳内的起决定性作用的重力压力。

逆序法

“逆序法”又称“倒置法”,主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同,甚至语序完全相反,这就必须从原文的后面译起,逆着原文的顺序翻译。

【例句】I didn't like the way he carried himself, loose and dreamlike all the time.

【分析】原句中“I didn't like”在前面,汉译的时候放在后面更符合汉语先摆事实、后议论的行文顺序。

【参考译文】他老是一副松松垮垮、恍恍惚惚的派头,叫我讨厌。

分译法

“分译法”又叫“拆译法”,有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切,可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述,这符合汉语多用短句的习惯。为使意思连贯,有时还可适当增加词语。考生必须注意的是,分译的目的是化长为短、化整为零,消除译文的阻塞;分译后的译文必须连贯,有整体感。

【例句】The air seemed almost sticky from the scent of bursting buds.

【参考译文】花蕾初绽,散发出一股芳香,这时空气似乎给人一种粘糊糊的感觉。(黄邦杰:《译艺谭》)

【分析】原句中“from the scent of bursting buds”介词短语被拆译成了一个复句结构,且按因果关系的顺序放在译句的前面,其中“散发出”、“一股”是为了汉语表达的需要而增加。

综合法

有些英语长句顺译或逆译都不合适,分译也有困难,单纯的使用一种译法不能译出地道的汉语时,就应该仔细推敲,或按时间先后,或按逻辑顺序,有顺有逆地进行综合处理。

【例句】The phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes

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through particles in the earth's atmosphere that are 1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.

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【分析】该句可以分解为四个部分——主句、in which引导的定语从句、when引导的时间状语从句、that引导particles的同位语从句。总体考虑之后,我们可以使用综合法来处理这个句子,即合译前三个部分,分译that从句,这样译出来的句子就非常符合汉语的表达习惯。

【参考译文】这种现象说明了光线通过地球大气微粒时的物理散射方式。大气微粒的直径为有色光直径的十分之一。

另外,翻译长句时,还要注意调整语序。多数情况下需要将原句拆分成多个较短的句子,并且要通过多个短句表达出原来长句的修饰关系和意思,汉语句子的逻辑关系在很大程度上依靠各语法单位在句中的顺序得以表现。

【例句】She could answer no more than a bare affirmative, so great was the emotion aroused in her at the thought of going through the world with him as his own familiar friend.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

【参考译文】她听了这番话,想到将来他身行万里的时候,只有她自己是他的亲人,跟在他身边,她心里的感情就激动起来,嘴里说不出别的话来,只有答应一个是字的份儿。(张谷若译)

Tips:

1.各地口笔译报名时间不同,详细信息请注意查询http://www.catti.net.cn/。

2.考前一周打印准考证。

3.09年下半年考试时间(具体时间以准考证为准):

11月14日

二、三级口译 上午 10:00-11:00《口译综合能力》

二级口译 下午 13:10入场完毕

13:10-13:30试带

13:30-14:30考试《口译实务》(交替传译) (同声传译,仅英语开设)

三级口译 13:10分入场完毕

13:10-13:30试带

13:30-14:00考试《口译实务》

11月15日

二、三级笔译 上午 9:30-11:30 《笔译综合能力》

3.新GRE阅读长难句解析 篇三

难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语

译文:象勒罗伊。拉迪里(Le Roy Ladurie)一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史(case history)来,阐明了不同社会群体的态度(这些态度包括,但并非局限于,对犯罪和法律的态度),并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。

解释:逗号以后的内容都是修饰逗号以前的case history的。在which引导的非限定性定语从句中有一个插入语(these attitudees includee, but are not confined to, attitudees toward crime and the law),我们可以看到这个插入语中又套了一个插入语but not confined to。

意群训练:Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include,but are not confined to,attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following? (5)

难句类型:复杂修饰

译文:从文章中可以推断出来,一个希望比较十五世纪以前一个十年的某个欧洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率与另外一个十年中的犯罪率的历史学家将会被以下那种信息的提高所最好的帮助?

解释:句首的it是形式主语,其具体内容是从that开始到句子结束的全部内容。That从句中,主语a historyian之后修饰它的超长的定语从句是这个句子难以读懂的原因。Compare crime rates with crime rates中间被修饰第一个crime rates的两个修饰成分perthousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century分隔得很远。在with之后的第二个crime rates后面,省略了与前面重复的per thousand in a European city.

4.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇四

结构剖析:本句的主干是 Comparisons were drawn between ... and ..., 难点在于使用了被动语态,理解时可以转换成主动语态: People drew comparisons between ... and ... (人们对.... 与.... 进行了一些比较)。

核心词汇: comparison 比较

diffusion 传播;扩散

5.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇五

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.

结构划分:

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干是:

Many prehistorians believe that从句

从句中的主干是:

farming may have emerged dependently

修饰一:(in several different areas of the world),介词短语

中文:在世界几个不同地区

修饰二:(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources),非谓语动词,相当于形容词修饰small communities

中文:迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少

修饰三:(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival),从句

请大家注意此处的断句问题。

从句的主谓被非谓语给隔开了。就是它:

(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)

中文:当一些小的群落开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时

参考翻译:

6.考研英语阅读得分点:长难句 篇六

长难句

长难句,顾名思义,就是又长又难的句子,主要是一些句中套句的复杂结构,其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等,使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题命制的重点所在,主要考查考生对句中的指代关系和句子层次的理解,常见的题型是推理判断题。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力,平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子,理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。

【真题回放2007-Text4】

① Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year C from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley C have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.

37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out

[A] whether there is any weak point.

[B] what sort of data has been stolen.

[C] who is responsible for the leakage.

7.考研复习英语长难句突破技巧 篇七

考研英语中,长难句比比皆是。刘正锋老师提醒各位考生,对于长难句的分析来说,首先要找到主句的主体部分(即主语、谓语和宾语),再确定从句的主体部分,如果从句中还有从句,再确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。阅读时一层一层进行,先把同一层次的内容看完,再看下一层次的内容。

在了解长难句,刘正锋先介绍下句子的语法结构。语法一直是中国学生最薄弱的环节。考研语法的学习目的是为了能够理解句子,识别句子结构。所以考研语法说白了就是理解句子,理解句子结构。句子分为简单句和非简单句。简单句主要考察五大基本句型和四大成分。 五大基本句型即主谓,主谓宾,主谓宾宾,主谓宾补和主系表。四大成分也就是定语,状语,同位语和插入语。非简单句分为并列句和复合句。并列句又分为句中并列和句间并列。复合句包括三大从句和一些特殊结构。三大从句分别是名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句,。形容词性从句也就是常说的定语从句,分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。副词性从句也就是状语从句,包括九大类:时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件和比较。特殊结构是指强调,省略和倒装这三种常考的语法现象。以上这些就是考研的所有语法点,掌握了这些内容考研的句子对你来说就没有任何问题了。

想突破考研英语难句,可从下面几点着手。

1. 寻找谓语动词

如果找到了谓语动词,就说明有句子存在。那么,如何寻找谓语动词呢?记住:有时态的动词就一定是谓语,但是要弄清非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。接着,顺着谓语动词往前找,如果有引导词存在的话,说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句,再根据引导词前的单词判定这是个什么从句:

1) 如果引导词前面是个名词,则要根据情况来判断是定语从句还是同位语从句;

2) 如果引导词前面是实义动词,说明这个从句是宾语从句;

3) 如果引导词前面是系动词,说明这个从句是表语从句;

4) 如果谓语动词前面是状语从句的引导词,说明这个从句是状语从句;

如果顺着谓语动词往前找,却没有引导词,说明这是主句的谓语动词,那么它的前面就是主语,后面就应该是宾语或表语了。

真题再现:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a lossinl989.( 年英译汉)

2. 寻找并列连词

常见的并列连词有:and,but,yet,or,so,for,not only…but also…,neither…nor,to get her with 等等。有这些单词的句子里一般就有并列结构存在,并且很可能存在着省略现象,因此注意要推断出省略的成分。

真题再现:They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing) man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. ( 年英译汉)

3. 寻找引导词

从句就是”引导词+句子”,所以,找到引导词就找到了从句,再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。

名词性从句的连接词:that,what(ever),who(ever),where,when,why,how,whether. . . or not 等。

定语从句的`关系代词和关系副词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why 等。

状语从句的关系连接词:when,while,as,though,although,where,even if 等。

真题再现:Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. ( 年英译汉)

4. 寻找名词

一般的长句子中,名词一般作主语或宾语,其后一般都有修饰限定成分,即定语或同位语。

真题再现:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we call expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. ( 年英译汉)

5. 确认非谓语和独立主格结构

-个句子的主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是要有独立的谓语部分。do/does 和is/am/ are 的各种时态变化都可以作谓语,但是单纯的to do/doing/done 和to be/being 的形式是不可以作谓语的。一个看似句子的结构。如果没有独立的谓语部分,那它就不是一个句子,而是分词短语或者独立主格结构。

经典例句:With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy。

6. 确认各种复杂结构

英语复合句中存在很多的复杂结构,如倒装、强调、省略、插人等等。首先要了解认识这些结构的特点, 其次要会确认和应对。比如说插人结构,读句子时,先不要理会插入语,先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。

8.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇八

一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题

考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长,出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题,特别是定语成分和状语成分。例如:

Still, Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children ― though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his

[A] moral considerations.

[B] military experience.

[C] financial conditions.

[D] political stand.

【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么,也就是问原因,显然我们需要找原因状语的分。文中最后一段的“Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为:after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War,华盛顿才做了这个决定,所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。

二、对原句进行同义词替换

对原文句子中个别词汇进行同义词替换,从而制造出同义答案,这是考研阅读选项设置的常见手法。大家需要在做题的过程中不断积累同意替换词。

Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.

[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.

[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.

【解析】这个题目需要对选项进行排除。文中第三句说:even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 尽管人类已经直立行走了很多年,我们的脚和背都在承受的直立行走的压力,不能够承受大型的肢体所带来的持续压力。由此可以推断出,人类身高收到直立行走的限制,选项[B]中conditioned是对原文struggle with的同义转述。

三、对转折或否定进行正反替换

原文中用否定方式表达的内容,选项中可能用肯定的方式把同样的意思表述出来。同样,原文中用肯定方式所表达的.内容,命题者在设定选项时可能用否定的方式来进行同义转述(如双重否定句,或者一个否定形式加上另一个否定词如never, none等)。

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.

54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.

[A] turning of the business cycle

[B] restructuring of industry

[C] improved business management

[D] success in education

【解析】答案出处显然定位在第二句,“没有几个美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或商业周期变化这样显而易见的原因”。关键在“显而易见”,说明“美元贬值或商业周期变化”是作者认同的原因。原文用表示否定的词“few”进行表述,而选项则用了肯定方式表达了同一意思。

9.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇九

插入语是英语的常见现象。插入语的特点和功能可以概括为:在形式上,与句子其它部分由逗号、括号或破折号隔开;在结构上可有可无,不影响句子的整体结构;在意义上,对句子表达起到及时补充的作用。插入结构一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,往往位于主谓之间、并列结构之间或是主从句之间。由于插入语在结构上可有可无,所以要先理解插入语两端的内容,再理解插入语。因此,对于插入语,我们的处理方法是:“先读两端,再读中间”。 翻译成汉语时,有些插入语,可保持原文中的顺序。然而,在许多情况下,需要对英语原文句子的顺序进行必要的调整,使译文符合汉语习惯。

【真题例句1】

Britain almostmore than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem ofbuilding upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerableproportion of its population in high blocks of flats.

【解析】

全句共有2个谓语动词:mustface和is,其中主句谓语动词为mustface.主干为:Britain … must face the problem …;almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。两个of介词短语都修饰the problem.that is tosay是插入语,意为“也就是说”,将两个并列的of介词短语分隔开来。本句是一个简单句。 【参考译文】 英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题,也就是说,要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。 然而在考研翻译中还会出现成分分割的情况,即:语法关系密切的`两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为成分隔离现象。因为英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长而复杂的成分放在句末,使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息,即语意重点放在句末)。常见的成分隔离有:动词和宾语被分隔,名词和同位语被分隔,名词和定语被分隔等等。

【真题例句2】

On the otherhand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some ofhis critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power ofreasoning.

【解析】

本句是主从复合句。句子主干:he did not accept as well founded thecharge,其正常语序是:he did not accept the charge as wellfounded,宾语the charge放在宾语补足语aswell founded后面是因为,the charge后面有两个修饰成分,一个是过去分词结构made by sb.,一个是同位语从句that……,使得宾语较长,为保持句子平衡而后置。同位语从句中嵌套了while引导的状语从句。

【参考译文】

另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏依据的。

【真题例句3】

The secondaspect is the application by all members of society, from the governmentofficial to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought andaction that scientists use in the work.

【解析】

这是一个很典型的成分隔离。主干结构是:The second aspect is the application … ofthe special methods of thought and action,application和修饰它的介词短语被一个长长的by短语隔离。

【参考译文】

10.考研英语 四种类型长难句解析 篇十

2018年考研英语长难句翻译方法指导

英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别,因此英译汉时作些调整,颠倒一下顺序,则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧,这种翻译技巧共分五种类型。

1、复合句翻译技巧

复合句翻译可分为部分翻译和完全翻译两种技巧。

This university has newly established faculties, namely Electronic Computer, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineering.这所大学现在有电子计算机、高能物理、激光、地球、物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的专业。(部分翻译)

Many laws of nature actually exist in nature though they have not yet been discovered.虽然许多自然规律还没被发现,但是它们确实在自然界中存在。(完全翻译)

2、被动句翻译的技巧

被动句翻译时,有时可将被动句翻译成主动句,有时可将状语翻译成主语。

The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot see it.虽然我们看不见原子结构,但能准确地描述它。(被动句翻译成主动句)

Table tennis is played all over China.中国到处都打乒乓球。(状语翻译成主语)

3、以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分翻译技巧

能引起这种翻译的副词有no, never, hardly, no longer, in no way, not until, not even, only 等。

Never before have I read such an interesting book.我从来没有读过这样有趣的书。

4、带有介词短语句子的部分翻译技巧

These data will be of some value in our research work.这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值。

5、习语的翻译技巧

习语的翻译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序翻译和从轻重上加以区分进行翻译以及逆时间顺序进行翻译三种技巧。

For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat, fertile, North China Plain, which is densely populated.黄河最后的六百英里,向东流过平坦肥沃、人口密集的华北平原。(按照汉语的固定顺序翻译)

Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism.救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义。(以轻重上区分进行翻译)

We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand.我们必须眼疾手快。(逆时间顺序翻译)

句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧,其内容和形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面的内容。

1、主语转译技巧:可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。

The wings are responsible for keeping the plane in the air.机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。(转译成定语)

To get all the stages off the ground, a first big push is needed.为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的

凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!

Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly.因为机械的缘故,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了。(转译成状语)

2、谓语转译技巧:可以将谓语转译成定语。

Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight.雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同。

3、宾语转译技巧:可以将宾语转译成主语。

Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but appear in a variety of forms.各种自动车床的作用基本相同,但形式不同

4、定语转译技巧:定语可以转译成谓语和状语。

Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.中子的质量略大于质子的质量。(转译成谓语)

Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant, that will ensure success in their scientific research.现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手,以保证科研工作的成功。(转译成状语)

5、状语转译技巧:状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式。

These three colors, red, green, and violet, when combined, produced white.红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。(时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)

Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light, nothing is seen.如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也看不到。(地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)

Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见。(原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)

重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种。

1、为了明确

I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)

Under ordinary conditions of pressure, water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C.在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。(重复动词)

A locality has its own over-all interest, a nation has another and the earth gets another.一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)

2、为了强调

He wandered along the street, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.他在街头游来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算。

3、为了生动

While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light, they are really enormous

凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!

bodies.星星和星云看起来只是斑点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体。

英译汉时,由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。所谓分句,就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名,就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个简单句。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明,更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。分句翻译的技巧共分五种类型,合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。

1、主语分句汉译技巧。

A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already.一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。

2、谓语分句汉译技巧。

It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.不言而喻,氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。

3、定语分句汉译技巧

He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿,每个重达两磅。

4、状语分句汉译技巧

Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它所能透过的地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。

5、同位语分句汉译技巧。

11.考研英语历年真题长难句 篇十一

1. On the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面,寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用,尤其是最近几年,这是无可争辩的。

2. Students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性。

3. Whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且,生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间,这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

4. On the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面,日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

5. Due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的`学费,大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

6. Since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活,日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

7. Furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且,学生生活在自己家中,有舒适的生活,并有更多机会和父母交流,这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

8. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论,寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

9. There is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论,其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时,传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

10. As for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

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