水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用（共6篇）

1.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇一

附件2

论文中英文摘要

作者姓名：丁新华

论文题目：水稻抗病相关基因的分离克隆和功能鉴定

作者简介：丁新华，男，1980年06月出生，2002年09月师从于华中农业大学王石平教授，于2008年06月获博士学位。

中

文

摘要

水稻白叶枯病和稻瘟病分别是由白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae, Xoo）和稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe grisea）引起，是世界水稻生产中的两大重要病害，造成巨大的损失。通过改良水稻自身防御体系来有效的控制病害，是一种即经济又“绿色”的方法。鉴定水稻抗病相关基因，研究水稻抗病机理对改良水稻有着重要的科学意义和应用前景。

植物激素生长素诱导的信号通常被认为调节植物的生长和发育。本研究报道的水稻基因GH3-8是一个生长素反应基因，在依赖于生长素的发育中发挥功能，同时也调节不依赖于水杨酸和茉莉酸的信号路径的抗病反应。白叶枯病病菌诱导水稻至少在被侵染部位合成生长素，而生长素继而诱导水稻大量合成松弛细胞壁的蛋白质－伸展蛋白（α-和β-expansins），破坏细胞壁对病原菌的先天屏障作用，以利病原菌在水稻中生长繁殖。在携带有抗病基因Xa21或Xa26抗病水稻品种中，病原菌引起的水稻感染部位生长素的合成可诱导水稻快速合成IAA酰胺合成酶GH3-8。GH3-8通过催化IAA－氨基酸的合成抑制生长素的作用，从而阻止细胞壁的松弛，增强植物对病原菌的自身免疫功能。超量表达GH3-8基因增强水稻对白叶枯菌的抗性，同时也延缓了植株的生长和发育，至少部分因为抑制了生长素信号从而抑制了α-和β-expansins。本研究结果揭示了病原菌利用生长素作为毒性因子侵染水稻的机理、以及水稻应对这一毒性因子的调控途径，同时也从一个方面解释了植物在抗病反应中通常要付出生长被抑制的代价的原因。

超量表达GH3-8导致植株不育。通过正反交试验显示GH3-8超量表达植株是雄性和雌性都不育。通过形态学观察发现GH3-8超量表达植株的雌蕊柱头发育不正常；通过激光共聚焦显微镜对雌蕊胚囊观察发现，GH3-8超量表达植株的成熟胚囊发育不正常，这可能是GH3-8超量表达植株雌性不育的原因。通过形态学观察发现GH3-8超量表达植株的雄蕊和野生型无异，但花粉碘染显示GH3-8超量表达植株大部分花粉都败育，这可能是GH3-8超量表达植株雄性不育的原因。通过分析GH3-8基因表达模式显示GH3-8基因特异在雄蕊高表达，并随着花的发育表达强弱也不断变化，而在雌蕊基本检测不到表达。组织和时间的特异表达也印证了GH3-8在调控花的发育中作用。利用酵母单杂交技术，筛选得到和GH3-8基因启动子互作的几个生长素反应因子。其中OsARF8超量表达激活GH3-8基因的表达，证明OsARF8是调控GH3-8基因表达的转录因子。通过分析OsARF8基因表达模式显示OsARF8基因特异在雌蕊高表达，而在雄蕊表达很低。OsARF8基因超量表达植株和野生型植株相比育性下降。花粉碘染显示OsARF8基因超量表达植株大部分花粉败育；检测雌蕊没有发现和野生型有显著

差异。花粉的育性下降可能是OsARF8超量表达植株育性下降的原因。生长素信号路径中的基因（OsARF8和GH3-8）的不正常表达影响了水稻育性，说明生长素信号可能在调控水稻育性中有重要作用。检测水稻穗发育中生长素分布也显示生长素和穗的发育密切相关。

在水稻品种明恢63中抑制一个维生素B1合成基因OsDR8的表达，显著提高了转基因植株对白叶枯病和稻瘟病的敏感。外源应用维生素B1可以互补抑制OsDR8基因对水稻植株抗病的影响。几个防御反应基因包括防御信号路径的早期功能基因OsPOX和OsPAL基因以及路径下游基因OsPR1a、OsPR1b、OsPR4、OsPR5 和OsPR10的表达在OsDR8抑制表达的植株中下降。这些结果说明OsDR8影响植株的抗性可能是通过影响防御反应基因的表达，OsDR8的功能在信号路径的上游。另外，维生素B1的积累可能是水稻植株对白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗性所必须的。

通过筛选水稻T-DNA插入突变体库，发现一个类病斑突变体。侧翼序列分析显示T-DNA插在一个基因（命名为OsDR9）的开放读码框。预测的OsDR9基因编码由180个氨基酸组成的功能未知蛋白。OsDR9基因在茎和幼穗中表达很低，而在幼苗、剑叶、叶鞘和愈伤表达较高，在根中没有检测到表达。另外OsDR9基因在老叶中比新叶表达更高。突变体对稻瘟病和胡麻叶斑病表现高抗。对有类病斑的叶片进行组织化学检测和DNA断裂分析显示细胞死亡具有凋亡特征。病程相关蛋白PR4和PR8以及稻瘟病相关基因AOS2在突变体中上升表达。突变体植株也积累了自发荧光物质、SA、JA和植保素（momilactone A 和 sakuranetin）。突变体提高了超氧化物和H2O2的水平。将一个来源于水稻品种日本晴的包含有OsDR9基因的10.5kb片段转入突变体02Z15AM37，转基因植株类病斑表型消失，说明由于T-DNA插入导致的OsDR9突变是是引起类病斑表型的原因。这些结果说明OsDR9是水稻抗病和细胞凋亡的一个负调节子。

关键词：

水稻；白叶枯病；稻瘟病；抗病相关基因；生长素；水杨酸；茉莉酸；基础抗性；发育；伸展蛋白；GH3；维生素B1；类病斑突变体；凋亡；植保素；活性氧物质

Isolation and Functional Characterization of Pathogen-induced Defense-responsive Genes of Rice

Xinhua Ding

ABSTRACT Rice bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryza sative pv.oryza and fungal blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, are two of the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide.These two diseases cause tremendous yield loss each year.Efficient control of disease through improving rice defensive system is economic and green way.Characterizing rice disease resistance related genes and elucidating the mechanism of rice disease have important significance in science and application for improving rice.The signaling induced by the plant growth hormone auxin is generally recognized to regulate plant growth and development.Here we report that rice GH3-8, an auxin-responsive gene functioning in auxin-dependent development, activates disease resistance in a salicylic acid– and jasmonic acid–signaling-independent pathway.Bacteria induce accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), the major type of auxin, in rice.IAA induces the expression of α-and β-expansins, the proteins that are known to loose cell wall, the native barrier of biotic intruder, to facilitate the growth of cells.In resistance rice variety carrying Xa21 or Xa26, the infection of bacteria induce rice to synthesize GH3-8 in infection site of rice.GH3-8 encodes an IAA-amino synthetase that prevents free IAA accumulation and looseness of cell wall.Overexpression of GH3-8 results in enhanced disease resistance and retarded growth and development, which is at least partly due to inhibiting the expression of α-and β-expansins via suppressing auxin signaling.Here we show the mechanism of bacteria hijacks auxin as virulence factor to infect rice, and the regulating pathway of rice to the virulence factor;in addition to, explain the cause that plants growth was restrained in disease resistance.Overexpression of GH3-8 results in sterility of plants.Analysis of forward cross and reverse cross showed that GH3-8-overexpressing plants were male sterility and female sterility.We found that the stigmas of GH3-8-overexpressing plants are abnormal by morphological observation.We observed the mature embryo sac of GH3-8-overexpressing plants using laser scanning confocal microscopy.The result showed that the mature embryo sacs of GH3-8-overexpressing plants were abnormal.This may be the reason of female sterility.No obvious difference was observed in stamen between GH3-8-overexpressing plants and wide type in stamen, but the most of pollen of GH3-8-overexpressing plants were sterile.This may be the reason of male sterility.GH3-8 had high expression level in stamen, and the expression of GH3-8 changes as the development of flower.Tissue and time differential expression confirmed the role of GH3-8 in regulating flower development.We gained several auxin responsive factors(ARFs)that interacted with the promoter of GH3-8 by analysis of yeast one hybrid.Overexpression of OsARF8 in Mudanjiang 8 activated the expression of GH3-8.This result suggested that OsARF8 is the transcription factor in regulating the expression of GH3-8.OsARF8 had high expression level in pistil, and very low expression level in stamen.GH3-8-overexpressing plants had lower fertility than wide type.The most of pollen of OsARF8-overexpressing plants were sterile.The overexpression of Auxin signaling genes(OsARF8

and GH3-8)resulted in decrease of rice fertility.This result suggested that auxin plays a critical role in regulating flower development.The detection of the auxin distribution in panicle development showed that auxin is affinitive relation with panicle development.The transgenic plants with repressed expression of OsDR8 showed reduced resistance or susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae and Magnaporthe grisea causing bacterial blight and blast, respectively.The putative product of OsDR8 was highly homologous to an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the thiazole precursor of thiamine.Exogenous application of thiamine could complement the compromised defense of the OsDR8-silenced plants.The expression level of several defense-responsive genes including the earlier functional genes of defense transduction pathway, OsPOX and OsPAL, and the downstream genes of the pathway, OsPR1a, OsPR1b, OsPR4, OsPR5 and OsPR10, was also decreased in the OsDR8-silenced plants.These results suggest that the impact of OsDR8 on disease resistance in rice may be through the regulation of expression of other defense-responsive genes and the site of OsDR8 function is on the upstream of the signal transduction pathway.In addition, the accumulation of thiamine may be essential for bacterial blight resistance and blast resistance.We found a mutant with lesion mimics on the leaves through selecting a T-DNA insertional rice pool.The inserted T-DNA was inserted into the open reading frame(ORF)of a gene named OsDR9.The predicted encoding product of OsDR9 consists of 180 amino acids that is an unknown functional protein.OsDR9 had very low expression level in the stem and young panicle but higher level in seedling, flag leaf, sheath and callus;no OsDR9 expression was detected in the root.In addition, OsDR9 had higher expression level in old leaf than young leaf.The mutant was highly resistance to Magnaporthe grisea causing fungal blast disease and bipolaris oryzae causing Cochliobolus miyabeanus disease in field.Histochemical detection and DNA fragmentation of the leaves developed lesion mimics showed that the cell death had the same features of apoptosis.In addition, the expression of pathogenesis related(PR)proteins genes PR4 and PR8 as well as a blast resistance related gene AOS2 was upregulated in the mutant.The mutant also accumulated autofluorescent materials, salicylic acid and phytoalexins(both momilactone A and sakuranetin).The mutant contained elevated levels of superoxide and H2O2.A 10.5-kb fragment harboring the OsDR9 gene from rice variety Nipponbare was transferred into the mutant.Lesion mimic phenotype was disappeared in the transgenic plants, indicating that knockout of OsDR9 by T-DNA insertion caused the lesion mimic mutant phenotype.These results suggest that OsDR9 is a negative regulator in rice disease resistance and apoptosis.Key words: Oryza sativa;bacterial blight;fungal blast;auxin;salicylic acid(SA);jasmonic acid(JA);basal resistance;development;expansin;GH3;thiamine;lesion mimic mutant(LMM);apoptosis;phytoalexin;reactive oxygen species(ROS)

2.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇二

基因转移技术在观赏植物抗性育种中的应用

各种病虫害、杂草、逆境胁迫等不仅会大大降低观赏植物品质,同时也限制了不同类型观赏植物在世界范围内的分布和应用.综述了抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂、抗寒、抗冻、抗旱等抗性基因在观赏植物抗性育种的.应用,提出了当前观赏植物转基因抗性育种中存在的问题并展望了今后的工作重点.

作 者：赵宏波 陈发棣 房伟民 ZHAO Hong-bo CHEN Fa-di FANG Wei-min 作者单位：南京农业大学,园艺学院,江苏,南京,210095刊 名：广西植物 ISTIC PKU英文刊名：GUANGXI ZHIWU年，卷(期)：26(3)分类号：Q943.2关键词：基因转移 观赏植物 抗性育种

3.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇三

以黄瓜CsEXP10 cDNA片段为信息探针,利用电子克隆和序列拼接方法获得了1191bp的cDNA序列.应用生物信息学软件预洲了该蛋日的`理化性质、卷曲螺旋、疏水性、信号肽、跨膜结构、糖基住点、活性位点、亚细胞定位及二级和高级结构.结果表明:该蛋白是一个疏水性稳定蛋白,定位于细胞壁,含有4个α-螺旋,11个β-折叠,5个跨膜区域,10个糖基化位点,具有催化域和多糖结合域两个结构域.

作 者：孙涌栋 张传来 罗未蓉 张兴国 SUN Yong-dong ZHANG Chuan-lai LUO Wei-rang ZHANG Xing-guo 作者单位：孙涌栋,张传来,罗未蓉,SUN Yong-dong,ZHANG Chuan-lai,LUO Wei-rang(河南科技学院园林学院,新乡,453003)

张兴国,ZHANG Xing-guo(西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆,400715)

4.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇四

sTNFR Ⅱ和VIP融合蛋白的基因克隆表达、纯化及活性检测

可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ(sTNFRⅡ)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)对类风湿性关节炎(RA)均有治疗作用,但两者的作用机制不同.制备两者融合蛋白,可能具有更好的防治类风湿关节炎的`作用.用含有VIP基因序列的上游引物和sTNFRⅡ的下游引物,用PCR扩增出由连接序列将VIP和sTNFRⅡ基因连接的片段,再亚克隆到原核表达载体pET32a,在大肠杆菌DH5α内诱导表达.表达的产物经离子交换、疏水层析纯化,并用体外中和试验检测其抑制TNF细胞毒及肝细胞膜特异性脂蛋白(Lsp)诱导的细胞毒生物活性.结果显示构建的pET32a-VIP-sTNFRⅡ表达载体在大肠杆菌DH5α内以包涵体形式表达,疏水层析结合离子交换层析纯化后,融合蛋白具有较好的抑制炎症分子诱导的炎症反应生物活性,为将来应用打下基础.

作 者：王虹 曾位森 陈金华 王珊珊 刘丹 杨艳妮 陈百宏 李玲 WANG Hong ZENG Wei-sen CHEN Jin-hua WANG Shan-shan LIU Dan YANG Yan-ni CHEN Bai-hong Li Ling 作者单位：广州蓝星生物科技开发有限公司,广州,510663刊 名：中国生物工程杂志 ISTIC PKU英文刊名：CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY年，卷(期)：200626(5)分类号：Q78关键词：sTNFRⅡ VIP 融合蛋白 表达 纯化

5.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇五

检测不同耐药水平大肠杆菌AcrA表达水平,探讨耐药水平与AcrA蛋白表达水平之间的`关系.对acrA基因进行克隆、表达、制备抗AcrA抗体,Western blot方法比较同耐药水平大肠杆菌AcrA表达水平.结果表明,多重耐药株SEMR的AcrA表达明显高于单药耐药株SEICI和SEICH以及质控株ATCC25922.因此SEMR多重耐药性的产生与AcrA的高效表达直接有关.

作 者：张海旺 张丽云 刘旭东 邓旭明 胡仲明 曾凡勤 ZHANG Hai-wang ZHANG Li-yun LIU Xu-dong DENG Xu-ming HU Zhong-ming ZENG Fan-qin 作者单位：张海旺,张丽云,ZHANG Hai-wang,ZHANG Li-yun(河北北方学院,河北,张家口,075131)

刘旭东,LIU Xu-dong(河北省兽医药品监察所,河北,石家庄,040051)

邓旭明,曾凡勤,DENG Xu-ming,ZENG Fan-qin(吉林大学,畜牧兽医学院,吉林,长春,130062)

胡仲明,HU Zhong-ming(军事医学科学院军事兽医研究所,吉林,长春,130062)

6.水稻稻瘟病抗性基因定位、克隆及应用 篇六

目的:分别构建野生型和截短型小鼠睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)基因的真核表达载体.方法:通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增小鼠CNTF野生型全长编码序列,体外定点突变获取截短型CNTF的互补DNA(cDNA)编码序列,将上述两序列分别克隆至pGEM-TEasy载体,经限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切后,将野生型和截短型CNTF基因连入pTracer-CMV真核表达载体,DNA测序鉴定.结果:PCR成功扩增了野生型和截短型CNTF基因,DNA序列分析证实两种真核表达载体中的`CNTF序列与Gene Bank中目的序列一致.结论:野生型和截短型CNTF基因真核表达载体的成功构建为视网膜色素变性(RP)的基因治疗研究奠定了基础.

作 者：袁松涛 左爱军 李宁东 梁东春 赵堪兴 YUAN Songtao ZUO Aijun LI Ningdong LIANG Dongchun ZHAO Kanxing  作者单位：袁松涛,YUAN Songtao(300070,天津医科大学;天津市眼科医院)

左爱军,梁东春,ZUO Aijun,LIANG Dongchun(天津市内分泌研究所)

李宁东,LI Ningdong(天津市眼科医院)