大学实用英语综合教程介绍

大学实用英语综合教程介绍（共7篇）（共7篇）

1.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇一

一

1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.二、1.Translate the sentences.1)Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5)Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind oflost touch with my classmates.三、1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.四、1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)

五、1)I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.六、1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.

2.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇二

一、用肯定结构表否定意义, 在意义上相当于英语的“can not...”, 译为 “简直不, 无法, 难以”

The impact they’ve had on my confidence is more them word can describe is more than words can describe (Book III Unit 6)

他们对我信心的影响是词语无法描述的。

The blow is more than words can tell. (Book III Unit 6)

这打击远非词语能表达。

二、完全否定 (absolute negation)

Absolute Negation表示一种绝对没有的情况, 是对整体的全部否定。 它的构成方式有以下几种:

1.绝对否定词 (no, never, no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way) 加上肯定谓语表示:

I would never have been able to finish those two miles if I were you. (Book I Unit 6)

如果我是你的话, 绝对不可能跑完那两英里。

Until the lawyer read her will, I never fully appreciated the depth of the old lady’s love. (Book II Unit 5)

直到律师宣读她遗嘱那一刻, 我才充分感受到这位老妇人深深的爱。

It was a moment I will never forget— ——a day that made me the richest kid in town. (Book II Unit 5)

这是一个我永生难忘的时刻—这一天, 我成了镇上最富有的孩子。

..., bring a little happiness into a place where no one ever looks forward to going. (Book Ⅱ Unit 6)

给那个谁也不愿去的地方带去一点快乐。

No longer was Jim the gentle, affectionate, loving man he was when we’d first met. (Book IV Unit2)

吉姆不再像我们初次见面时那样温柔、 体贴、 充满爱心了。

periodically asked for but never was given back his Olympic prizes.

他不时地要求把奥林匹克奖牌发还给他, 但最终也未能要回。

No one at the base has ever seen a figure like that.

基地上没有哪个人曾见过这样的高分。

We’re none of us getting any younger.

我们都不年轻啦。

And nothing can grow there.

那里什么东西也无法生长。

But neither the nursery nor the hotel my parents bought later had provided enough money to send my sister and me to college.

然而无论是托儿所还是我父母后来购买的汽车旅馆都不能提供足够的收入供我妹妹和我上大学。

There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.

当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。

First, weather would no longer be important.

首先, 气候将变得无关紧要。

I know there is no way to prepare for the next time.

我知道我不可能为下次做好准备。

2.用一般否定词not或never加上非肯定词表示:

It lies midway between two of the trees, not too near yet not too far from the trunks. (Book I Unit5)

它就放在两棵树的中间, 距离树干既不太近, 又不太远。

It wouldn’t be worth it, even if my foot did heal. (Book I Unit6)

即使我的脚真的好了, 这也不值得。

I couldn’t believe it. (Book I Unit 6)

我真不敢相信。

Not because she wanted me to win, but because she wanted me to keep going and not give up. (Book I Unit 6)

并不是因为她想要我获胜, 而是因为她希望我坚持跑下去不要放弃。

Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me. (Book I Unit 1)

在这里, 周围都是我不认识的人, 而他们也不认识我。

..., but he cut me short with a sharp“No, you can’t”. (Book II Unit 2)

但他猛然打断了我, 厉声说道:“没有, 找不到。 ”

The shame which I felt can not be described. (Book II Unit 2)

我感到的耻辱无法用语言形容。

Step by step, I can’t see any other way of accomplishing anything. (Book II Unit 3)

一步一步地走, 这是唯一的成功之路。

It is really not that complicated, Mary. (Book II Unit 7)

其实这事并没有这么复杂, 玛丽.

“The wash did not let me die.” (Book IV Unit 1)

“这些要洗的衣服还不肯让我死呢。 ”

The fact that I don’t enjoy it doesn’t matter. (Book IV Unit3)

我不喜欢音乐, 这无关紧要。

You’ll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way.

你要是老这样消磨时间你将一事无成。

三、部分否定 (Partial Negation)

Partial Negation是对集体中一部分被肯定、表整个意义的词用一般否定词not修饰, 表示的是一部分被肯定, 一部分被否定。 《大学英语》中有以下三种形式:

1.用 “not+...+表示全体意义的词”表示:

I didn’t mean all the thing I said.

我刚才说的那些话不全是当真的。

They can’t tract down all the cheaters any more.

他们再也查不出所有的作弊者了。

The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the world.

目的并不是要捉拿所有的人而是抓住足够的作弊者以便把信息传开去。

2.用 “表全体意义的词+not”表示:

But all this hasn’t made a dent, not a dent, in the situation.

但是一切努力收效很少。

All of us couldn’t fit in there.

那儿容不下咱们所有的人。

3.用 “not+表全体意义的词”表示:

We’re not always as perceptive as we might be about-applying the rule.

然而对于运用这一规律我们的感觉并非一直都很敏锐。

Not every winter is critical for deer of course.

当然了, 并非每个冬天鹿都处于危难之中。

Not everyone can interact with such persistance and over long hours.

不是每个人都能以这样的韧性与人周旋的。

A good many patients gain renewed selfconfidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms.

许许多多病人一旦受聘从事有一定收益的工作, 便重新获得失去部分, 如果不是全部的话, 最严重的症状。

4.用little, few, hardly等部分否定词:

Unfortunately, he discovered that he had little aptitude for programming. (Book III Unit7)

遗憾的是, 他发现自己在编程方面没有什么天分。

四、转移否定 (Transferred Negation)

Transferred Negation指的是形式上与逻辑上否定的不一致, 《大学英语综合教程》中主要有以下三种形式。

1.从谓语否定转移到宾语否定。

I don’t think it’s because they don’t know how, Ithink it’s because counter productive. (Book III Unit 6)

我想这样不是因为它们还知道怎么做, 而是因为这么做会适得其反。

I don’t believe I’ve the pleasure of knowing you.

我想我和你并不相识。

But the two policemen didn’t think that would be much help.

但那两名警察却认为这对破案不会有多大帮助。

His friends and doctors didn’t think he could do it, as he had lung cancer.

由于他患有肺癌, 朋友们和医生们都认为他不能做那事。

2.合成谓语内部从谓语动词否定转移到不定式或从句否定。

But it doesn’t seem to the economy.

但它似乎经济没有什么联系。

I didn’t seem able to do anything tight.

我仿佛什么事情都没法干好。

But he doesn’t seem to understand and kept trying to coins into her hand.

但他却好像没有听懂, 只管把硬币往他手里塞。

And I’m positive that he didn’t for a moment feel that he was in anyway cheating the store.

我也确信他觉得自己一点也没有在欺骗商店。

3.从谓语否定转移到状语从句。

I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.

我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。

We didn’t set up the cooperation merely because we wanted to make profits.

我们建立公司不仅仅是为了攒钱。

John didn’t marry Alice because she was rich, nor she was pretty.

约翰之所以与艾丽斯结婚不是因为她富有而美丽。

I didn’t leave college because I was tired of learning.

我离开大学不是因为我厌倦了学习。

五、排除否定 (Excluded Negation)

Excluded Negation指的是句中含有排除连词和排除介词 (but, except, besides, beyond, unless, as well as等) 的否定句。

My doctor won’t let me drink anything but champagne.

我的医生让我喝香槟。

To Betty Van Meter, this man was not an enemy but rather a suffering human being.

在贝蒂·范·米特眼里, 这个伤兵不是敌人而是个受苦受难的人。

It was so far beyond my means that I had never thought of going there.

这远远超过我的经济实力, 所以从来我连想都没有想过去那种地方。

Of the guests, none except the American noticed this.

在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没有注意到这一幕。

Unless you do , you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.

不这样做, 你的读书就不可能是最有效的。

Technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as all as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

除机器外技术还包括技艺即制作方法, 而这些技艺方法的运用并不一定都要机器。

参考文献

[1]英语天地.1966, 12.

[2]21世纪大学实用英语综合教程1.上海:复旦大学出版社.

[3]21世纪大学实用英语综合教程2.上海:复旦大学出版社.

[4]21世纪大学实用英语综合教程3.上海:复旦大学出版社.

3.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇三

【关键词】新通用大学英语 艺术类学生 教材评价

目前，对大学英语教学的研究引起了教学工作者高度的重视，研究者在这方面的研究也逐渐增多，尤其是对非英语专业所使用的大学英语教材的分析评估，已经有很多研究者涉足。然而对于播音主持、音乐、美术等艺术类专业，这些在高校中只占一小部分的学生的英语教学研究却相对较少，现有的研究很多也只是对这一群體学生课堂教学方面的研究，而对这一群体所使用教材的评价却很少有人涉及。艺术类专业学生在非英语专业学生中是比较特殊的一个群体，由于社会、学校及学生本人对其专业的重视，忽视了文化课的学习，使得这一群体学生的整体英语水平相对于其他专业较差。本文就是从艺术类专业学生的角度出发进行分析和评价其使用的大学英语教材。

在武汉东湖学院2012级艺术类学生使用《新通用大学英语》以前，艺术类专业学生和全校非英语专业学生一起采用《新编大学英语》精读和听说教材，和非英语专业学生使用同样的期末考试试卷。这样一来，出现了很多问题。首先是课程进度跟不上，教材太难，导致期末考试出现大量不及格的现象。针对艺术类专业的特殊现象，外语学院大英部作出了教材的更换和放慢教学速度、降低教学难度等方式。这种做法符合了艺术类专业学生的现状，大大地提高了英语考试及格率，也调动了学生学习的积极性。本文研究主要手段是问卷和访谈，参加问卷的学生为2012级播音主持专业的30名学生；访谈对象为教授艺术类班级的5名教师。

一、艺术类学生大学英语学习现状

为了适应社会发展，各高校纷纷开设了艺术专业。而艺术专业学生又不同于其他专业学生，他们都是在中学时文化成绩偏低而选择学习艺术专业的。笔者根据将近两个学期的艺术类班级教学实践发现，艺术专业学生学习兴趣淡，积极主动性小，但这些学生拥有强烈的创作欲望与能力，强调个性而藐视共性，学生自我意识明显强于非艺术专业学生，他们一般个性开朗活泼，具有很高的艺术创造能力和人文情怀，想象力丰富，动手能力强，专业的特殊性同时也滋长了他们的自由散漫。这种自由散漫的个性给艺术专业学生的英语学习带来严重的困难和挑战。因此对于艺术专业英语的教学，一定要区别于其他专业，要针对艺术专业的特点，有的放矢，发挥他们的长处和特点，才能收到很好的教学效果。

2012级艺术类专业学生通过改变教材，换用《新通用大学英语》，学生英语学习兴趣有了些许长进。教材中配套的PPT、图片、音乐、视频片段的播放达到了多元化的效果，比起单一的传统教学方式，更能吸引艺术专业学生的注意力。这些学生本来就具有宽广的想象空间，容易被多元模式所吸引，因此觉得课堂不枯燥、英语学习很有趣。经过访谈学生发现，75%的学生都喜欢和倾向于多媒体模式的课堂教学。

二、对《新通用大学英语综合教程》使用评价

通过访谈和平时教学过程中发现，艺术类专业学生较其它专业学生，缺乏英语学习的兴趣、动机和积极的态度。虽然他们不否认英语学习对其专业发展及就业等的重要性，在英语学习过程中他们也能有机会把一些所熟识的基本专业知识拿来与大家分享，体验以前语言学习过程中很难享有的成就感，但该教材中包含一些与其专业知识是不切合的内容。如果教材中包含较多这一专业学生群体所感兴趣的内容，就更能激发学生的英语学习兴趣和动机。

根据前苏联心理学家维果茨基的“最近发展区”理论，只有难度适中的教材才能促进学习者的学习，这样的教材使得学习者通过自己的努力能够接受所学内容，增加自信心，对所学内容持积极的态度。

1.《新通用大学英语综合教程》中所涉及语法内容不足，虽然配套练习册有一部分（Grammar Exercise）是关于语法复习的，但题目针对性不强，因此这也影响到了学生的课下的自主学习。

2. 教材中的题材内容趣味性较强，涉及人物传记、社会风俗、异国风情等一些时尚潮流、幽默有趣的话题，让学生在熟悉和亲切的环境中进行语言学习，能够更好地激发其学习动机。但同时，教材应针对艺术类学生的专业特点，选择有关音乐、主持、美术方面的话题来激起学生的共鸣。

3. 这套教材中听力量较大，练习涉及面也较广，但人名生僻复杂，这就对学生的听力能力提出了更高的要求，从教学过程中，Sitcom部分的听力题，艺术类学生可以在教师的协助下正常完成，但每课听力部分的part 4、5无论从题目设置和材料内容而言，学生感觉力不从心。

4.《新通用大学英语综合教程》注重听、说、读、写四项英语综合能力的培养，书中对听、说、读、写四项技能的提高均有涉及。只是由于我校艺术类学生每周英语课只有四课时，考虑到时间紧，学生基础薄弱且吸收困难，因此在实际教学当中，lesson 2中的Text C被删减。但是每册书后配有学习光盘，基础好的学生可以通过自学来学习这一部分内容。学完《新通用大学英语综合教程》的一、二册，部分学生认为其英语综合能力有了一定的提高，但也有一部分学生感觉提高不明显。

从以上结论可以看出，《新通用大学英语综合教程》基本与学生英语水平相匹配，其编写内容对于艺术类专业学生来讲尽管存在一些问题，但基本上还是能够满足学生需求，希望今后能出现更多针对艺术类专业的教材。但是作为教师本身，也不能完全依赖于教材，因此在备课的时候要进行相关信息的准备和搜集，充分利用网络，为学生提供最新最全最准确的信息，这样才能弥补教材的不足，从而提高学生兴趣，调动学生学习积极性和参与度，从而最终提高教学质量。

【参考文献】

[1] 鲁红霞.《新世纪高中英语》教材的评析[C].华东师范大学，2007.

[2] 蒙继元.从学习者角度对《大学体验英语—听说教程》的评析 [D].内蒙古师范大学，2008.

[3] 傅富强.新课程视野下的大学音乐专业英语教学的现状及对策研究[D].重庆师范大， 2009.

[4] 徐红梅，基于教学要求及实践的《大学体验英语》教材评价[D].大连海事大学，2008.

4.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇四

2、这两种物质并非取之不竭

3、一旦到了无可挽回的地步，我们的子孙就将一无所有。

4、能否请您与我们的读者交流一下您的高见，告诉我们环境危机会朝什么方向发展呢？

5、多数人都习惯袖手旁观，还说“让专家们去处理这些问题吧！”。Unit 2.1、他们差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有一个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑

2、他只能用疑虑的眼光凝视着（他）

3、父亲赫尔曼送给他一个新玩意，正是这个小玩意启动了他的智力

4、无形的力量使爱因斯坦认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分

5、他坚信美丽寓于简朴 Unit 3.1、美国的妈妈们一直深信，如果要把那些顽皮的孩子的嘴巴洗干净的话，没有什么能赛过象牙香皂

2、人们说象牙香皂“纯得可以飘浮起来”，并且这种观念深入人心

3、使用象牙香皂来洗手、洗脸以及给小孩子洗屁股的人不计其数

4、漂浮香皂的推出为宝洁公司带来了巨大的发展

5、妈妈们都反感这样做 Unit 4.1、塞韦里诺·安蒂诺里是一个富有的意大利医生，在他名下有一连串治疗不育症的私人诊所

2、七年前，安蒂诺里使用捐赠的卵子帮助高龄妇女成功生育，因而名声大震

3、然而，在现阶段要想阻止生育克隆，似乎任何人对此都几乎无能为力。

4、不管人们喜欢与否，克隆研究仍将进行下去

5、过早抢先开始克隆实验，神奇医生和他的同事们的确面临着极大的风险 Unit 5.1、会用一个词是一回事儿，会解释可是另外一回事儿

2、他看起来很迷惑。这暗示着，如果对方没有明白，这词儿就不能算用得妙

3、我只好继续解释下去，似乎一千个模糊的词加起来可以等于一个准确的定义

4、我不得而知，因为我越想惯用语，就越没有把握说清楚惯用语到底是什么

5、我只能希望像他这样好奇的人会有一本字典 Unit 6.1、你知道在深夜到达一个陌生的城市是一种什么感受吗？

2、当她把我的包搬进行李箱，上好锁，然后坐在驾驶座上，我才松了一口气。

3、娜格特熟谙人情，略带幽默，她全权负责我的观光日程安排。

4、随着她开车带我从博物馆到金字塔，从城市的一端到另一端，我很快就发现她卓尔不群。

5、每当我们停下来，无论是喝一杯茶小憩还是到达一个历史景点,她总是引人注目。

UNIT1 Passage A 1.这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？

How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet.2.做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所深爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯错．

Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.3.作为一个在这个完全陌生国度的新移民，她总是感觉到孤立无援． As a new immigrant in this completely strange country she always felt isolated.4.做事不先考虑常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行

Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think before we leap.5.奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境 The time for talking is past, we must take a positive action to protect our environment

UNIT2 Passage A 1.记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击做出解释.The reporter pressed the spokesman to make explanation of this military attack.2.他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是参议员的合适人选.His election speech failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the senator 3.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我并不认为这些问题不能解决.While I admit that there are problems, I do not think these problems can not be saved.4.他在电视上的第一次辩论给观众留下了深刻的印象.His firth debate on TV made a deep impression on the audience 5.一切事物都是相互联系又相互作用的.All things are interrelated and interact with each other.UNIT3 Passage A

1.思想是通过语言来表达的.Thoughts are expressed by means of language.2.我今年买的新书多得难以数清.I have bought so many new books this year that it is really difficult for me to keep count of them.3.这位老太太确信,今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日的.The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to celebrate her birthday.4.他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过100元.His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100 yuan per month.5.上个月我们买了一辆车,是用我的名字登记的.We bought a car cost last month which was registered under my name.UNIT4 Passage A 1.这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专集一举成名。In 1980s this band shot to fame with that single album.2.冒一下险吧，你可能还是会输，但赢的机会增加了。Task a risk ,and you maybe lose but the chances of winning increase.3.科学家正积极研究治愈艾滋病（AIDS）的良方。

Scientists are pushing themselves to the limits in their research for finding a AIDS killer.4.现在我们知道了网络的意义：鼠标一点就能知晓天下大事。Now we know the point of the internet: we can learn about everything happened in the world by clicking the mouse.5.一些人认为政府迟早会将克隆人类的研究纳入规范。

Some people think that sooner or later the government will regulate the research of human cloning.UNIT6 Passage A 1.他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。

He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow, telling us that he had seen a better day when he was a young.2.他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。H e has a strong sense of responsibility, and that’s why he is chosen to take control of this project.3.不管你去哪里，不管是出差还是去玩，尽量多了解那个地方总是一个不错的主意。

Wherever you go, be it for business of entertainment, it is always a good idea to know about the place as much as you can.4.我们得小心一点，同样的情景可能就要出现。Let’s be careful.The situation may be about to repeat itself.5.事实上，室内空气质量与儿童的健康密切相关，当然与成人的健康也有关系。

5.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇五

The writer of the text is to graduate from college.He wishes to travel and write, but feels worried that his father might resist his idea.His father takes him to catch crabs and tells him to watch the interesting behavior of some crabs.The experience makes him aware that one should discover himself and then follow his own path.It turns out that his father supports his plan about the future.1.2 本篇课文使我们认识到一个人的生命是短促的，没有人能够逃脱死亡。但是我们应该尽力strive to使自己的一生富有意义，丰富多彩。千万不要把今天该做的事情推迟put off到明天，没有明天，明天就是今天的翻版version。如果一事无成achieve nothing，生命终结时就会感到无限infinite regret的后悔。

The text tells us that one’s life is short and nobody can escape death.However, we are in a position to strive to make our life meaningful and colorful.Putting off what should be done today till tomorrow is a big mistake, for there is no tomorrow and what is called tomorrow is only a version of today.If one achieves nothing, he will feel infinite regrets at the end of his life.2.1 本片课文是关于/deal with/is concerned with/revolves around/一位女性的童年回忆。她详细写到/2了自己小时是如何迷恋于机场的，在超人的影响下，她开始编织自己丰富多彩的飞行梦想。除此之外，她还叙述/recount了自己和其他孩子玩超人游戏的经历。她的描写细致minute，形象，独特unique，给人readers印象深刻。

The text deals with a childhood memory of a woman.She dwells on how she was fascinated with the airport as a kid.Under the influence of the Superman, she made her colorful dreams of flying.In addition, she recounts how she and other kids played the game of the Superman.Her description is vivid, leaving readers a deep impression.3.1 本片课文分析人们了听音乐的三个层面。第一，感官层次，这个术语指的是乐声的魅力带来derived的纯粹的快感。第二，表达层次，这个层次指的means是一首作品表达的内容或者情感.第三，音乐层次，指的是从音乐语言上分析一首作品的能力。作者指出，我们是同时而又本能地经历这三个层面(课文最后一句)。The text makes an analysis of the three planes on which people listen to music.The first plane is sensuous plane, which refers to sheer pleasure derived from the sound appeal of music.The second is expressive plane.The term means content or emotion a piece of music conveys(gives off).The third plane is musical plane.It is about one’s capacity to analyze a piece of music in terms of musical language.We experience the three levels simultaneously and instinctively.3.2 本篇课文探讨了explore一幅世界名画的神秘mystery之处，一位女作家创作了一本小说，in which讲了一个女仆maid和画家的故事，借此试图attempting to回答这幅画挑起generated/provoked的一些让人感兴趣的问题。小说还被改编成一部同名电影。这幅画被认为是相似于resemblance to蒙娜丽莎，原因在于in that画中的两位女性都流露出神秘的微笑。The text explores the mystery of a world--famous painting.A woman writes a novel in which she told a story about a painter and a maid, attempting to answer some fascinating questions the painting generated/provoked.The novel has been made into a film of the same name.The painting is considered a strong resemblance to Mona Lisa, in that both women show a mysterious smile.4.1 本篇课文告诉我们，传统的工作对孩子容易理解。它清晰确定。但是当今所谓大公司的几乎（virtually）工作全部是在办公室进行着。文件起到根本的作用。这样的工作模糊vague，难懂。此外，作者还指出，当今工业的特点是机器制造一切，商品/things可以用完falls apart /wear out就扔discard.The text tells us that a traditional job is easy to understand for a kid, because it is clear and definite.However, virtually all the jobs in modern corporations take place in offices.Paper plays a fundamental role.Such jobs are vague and incomprehensible.In addition, the writer points out that the feature of modern industry is that machines make everything and things are discarded once they wear our or fall apart.4.2 课文作者认为，当今时代并非激动人心，或者充满史无前例，眼花缭乱的变化，而是和过去相比，非常乏味。他以全球化和技术革新为例，告诉我们，历史上的某个阶段，转变更加彻底sweeping。总得来看，尽管For all有互联网或者I-pod, 21世纪早期还是一个相对稳定stable的时代。

The writer holds that instead of being exciting or full of unprecedented and dazzling changes, modern times are in fact rather dull.Taking globalization and technological innovations for examples, he believes that at a certain stage in the history, there were more sweeping transformations.Generally speaking, for all the Internet or I-pod, the early 21 century is a relatively stable period.5.1 本篇课文是关于一个年轻黑人的故事。他和一位女性参议院在一家餐厅预约吃饭appointment，遭遇到领班headwaiter的冷遇和轻蔑disdain。等议员来后，领班的态度大变，毕恭毕敬的样子令人可笑，故事嘲笑了一些人，对不同社会地位的人们采取的不同态度。The text tells a story about a young black man.He had a dinner appointment with a female Senator, but encountered cold treatment and disdain of a head waiter.When the senator arrived, the attitude of the waiter changed a lot.His humility was laughable.The story laughs at some people who adopt a different attitude to people of different classes.5.2 本篇课文讲了一个关于一笔生意合同contract签订的故事。故事说明了两种不同社会的区别。集体主义collectivist的社会里，集体是个人身份的来源。是个人应对生活艰难的安全保障。他对于集体要要保持终身的忠实。这种依赖关系无论从实际上还是心理上都是必要的。个体主义社会里 一个人要独立，他的利益高于prevail over集体之上。

By telling a story about signing a business contract, the writer of this text distinguishes two types of societies or families.In collective societies, the group is the source of one’s identity and is a secure protection against the hardships of life.He must be loyal to his group or family.Such loyalty is necessary both practically and mentally.In contrast, in individual society, one must be independent.His interest prevails over that of a group.6.1 本篇课文是关于911大规模massive恐怖袭击中一位消防队员和他的战友们comrades如何灭extinguish火，并帮助受困trapped的人们疏散evacuate逃生的。他们很多人献出了自己的生命。他们是真正的英雄。体面decent而又值得信任trustworthty。作者详谈了dwell on自己当时的感受。他的描写生动，给人留下较深刻的印象。

The text is about how a firefighter and his comrades extinguished the fire and helped the people trapped evacuate during the 911 massive terrorist attack.Many of them gave their lives.They are real heroes.They are decent and trustworthy.The writer dwells on his experiences and his own feelings.His descriptions are vivid, leaving us a very deep impression.6.2本文简要介绍了罗斯福夫人的杰出成就。作为第一夫人，她从身体和政治方面帮助自己的残疾crippled丈夫。并参与许多政治活动。赢得了人们的尊重。以后她又在联合国任职代表delegate，同样表现出色。作者认为，她最大的贡献是对女性权利的促进。

The text gives a brief introduction to Mrs.Roosevelt and her achievements.As the first lady, she helped her crippled husband both physically and politically.She was also involved in many political activities, and earned people’s respect.Afterwards, she served as a delegate in the UN and performed equally marvelously.She made great contributions to the promotion of women’s rights.7.1课文是关于为什么人们会感觉自己的运气不好。所谓坏运气大多是心理影响或者是偶然（accidental, chance，coincidence）。糟糕的概念有两种，一是：略微（marginally）糟糕和极端糟糕，二是：一定范围（on a spectrum）内的糟糕。某件事情有可能因为相关的一些因素而变成了不幸的事（misfortune）。一件坏事给人的印象很深，就会牢记时间很长，从而产生坏运的感觉。也有坏运气是和概率probability有关。

6.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇六

Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze 1.1.hold back 2.tedious 3.scanned 4.recall 5.vivid 6.off and on 7.turn out/in 8.career 2.1.last 2.surprise 3.pulled 4.blowing 5.dressed 6.scene 7.extraordinary 8.image 9.turn 10.excitement Ⅱ.Translation 1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident.For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never(be able to)walk again.One day, while scanning(through)some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story.It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit 2 Friendship I.Vocabulary 1.Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box.1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/ urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2.Rewriting 1)It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2)He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3)She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4)Something has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.5)The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.3.Complete the sentences.1)were postponed the awful is estimated 2)reference not available an kind of 3)not much of a teacher skips go ahead

II.Collocation 1.to 2.for 3.at 4.from 5.in 6.to on 7.on 8.with

III.Usage 1.more or less 2.kind of/ sort of 3.something 4.kind of/ sort of 5.more or less 6.or something

Comprehensive exercises I.Cloze 1.text-related 1)choked up 2)awful 3)practically 4)neighborhood 5)correspondence 6)available 7)destination 8)reunion 9)Mostly 10)postponing 11)absolutely

2.Theme-related 1)how 2)savings 3)embarrassment 4)phone 5)interrupted 6)touch 7)envelop 8)signed 9)message 10)needed

II.Translation 1.Translate the sentences.1)Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5)Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.2.Translate the passage.It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away.This is true in my case.It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there.I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time.They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.Unit 3 I Vocabulary 1 1)brief 2)in terms of 3)cut off 4)tend 5)anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8)initiative 9)convey 10)in two minds 11)concept 12)grasp 2 1)has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers’ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.3 1)lies in contact between 2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly II Word Formation 1 regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled 5 precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich IIIAntonyms 1)majority 2)accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses 5)local 6)late 7)wrong 8)false Comprehensive exercises I Close 1.Text-related 1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient 6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure 2.Theme-related 1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another 6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10)Someday II Translation 1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about.Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life.The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated.However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems.They want to slow down the rate of progress.But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4 Vocabulary 1)wreck 2)balance 3)approaching 4)handle 5)discard 6)Above all 7)diet 8)do with 9)checked on 10)cleaned up 11)weekly 12)principles 2.1)to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2)was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3)for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4)express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5)will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1)for sale hunting for be amazed by 2)become skilled handle their loans 3)character by calling on he passed away II Confusable words 1.1)personal 2)personnel 2.1)sometime 2)Sometimes 3)some time 4)sometime III Euphemism de hcgabf Comprehensive Exercises I Close 1.Text-related 1)sponsored 2)determination 3)turned away 4)assumed 5)capacity 6)skilled 7)loan 8)character 9)hunting 10)for sale 11)send for 2.Theme-related 1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4)grow 5)dream 6)immigrants 7)business 8)engineering 9)invest 10)rich III Translation 1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money.Now he has become a wealthy businessman.Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5 Vocabulary I.1 1)monthly 2)acquaintances 3)classic 4)look;in the eye 5)manufactured 6)options 7)finance 8)replacement 9)survived 10)pick out 11)married 12)grabbed at 2.1)survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2)almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3)of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4)several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5)straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1)inquiry;died of hunger;people survied2)Instantly;give up his;retire;replace him;executive 3)his beloved;odd jobs;and all that II Word Formation 1.embarrassment 2.survivors 3.newly 4.marketable 5.monthly 6.competition 7.conceivable 8.respectable III.Usage 1.the poor 2.The deceased/The dead 3.the disabled 4.the French 5.The accused 6.the young 7.the unemployed 8.the latter…the former… Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Text-related 1)died of 2)instantly 3)classic 4)ask around 5)surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8)replacement 9)stock 10)look…in the eye 2.Theme-related 1)impressed 2)diligence 3)Instead 4)Contrary 5)professionally 6)perform 7)personal 8)balance 9)commitment 10)revealed II.Translation 1.1)I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm.He works six days a week.Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights.However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family.On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can.To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 Vocabulary Ⅰ 1.1)Fertile 2)Reflected 3)Overseas 4)Slim 5)Split 6)Sustained 7)Glow 8)Thrust 9)Keen 10)Bud 11)Previous 12)Whichever 2.1)The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2)Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3)A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4)I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in.5)The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1)to broaden;make their way 2)disgusts;take a chance on 3)the grand;and overseas;reflected Ⅱ

1.1)frightened 2)afraid/ frightened 2.1)alike/similar 2)similar 3.1)alive 2)living 4.1)sleeping 2)asleep Ⅲ

1.1)disappointed 2)disappointment 3)disappointing 4)disappoint 5)disappointingly 6)disappointing 2.1)attractive 2)attract 3)attraction 4)attractively 5)unattractively 6)unattractive Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze 1.Text-related 1)Identifying 2)gripped 3)margins 4)corresponding 5)overseas 6)little 7)hesitate 8)grateful 9)made my way 10)going my way 2.Theme-related 1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4)another 5)threw 6)deliberately 7)reasoned 8)himself 9)restaurant 10)matter ⅡTranslation 1.1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.2.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study.From then on he sent them money regularly.Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7 Content Questions Pair Work 1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly.He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot.The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization 1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement 1.(1)controversy(2)consciousness(3)explore(4)serves their own purposes(5)encounter(6)lack of it(7)convinced(8)mental feats(9)captivity(10)humans

Language Focus I.Vocabulary 1.1)go(very)far 2)has expanded 3)in the interest(s)of 4)only to 5)encountered 6)has cooperated 7)assessed 8)(had)switched 9)horizons 10)gaze 11)disaster 12)wiped out 2.1)… a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not 2)… felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly 3)...suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay 4)… is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5)… give in until they give her a pay rise 3.1)have undertaken, original, to explore 2)evidence convinced, underneath, extending to 3)to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore II.Confusable Words 1.firstly 2.first, first 3.At first 4.First/Firstly 5.first 6.First 7.at first 8.first III.Usage 1.animal intelligence whose 2.zoo keeper where 3.eye contact through what 4.money supply of what 5.killer whale what kind 6.baby whale how old 7.family member of what 8.sea turtle what kind/where

Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.(1)emergency(2)evidence(3)original(4)sizing up(5)negotiates(6)reveal(7)make a deal(8)dominant(9)in their interest(s)(10)deceiving(11)controversy(12)judgment(13)explore 2.(1)protect(2)However(3)type(4)situation(5)sights(6)together(7)rang(8)associate(9)without(10)environment II.Translation 1.1)A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4)My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition 5)Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown.There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill.Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!Unit 8 Pair work 1.She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can’t spell correctly;their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent 3.He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A.He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.4.A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can’t read or write.They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children.Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own 1.Part one paras.1-10 Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24 Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part one Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance Part two Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancement Indifference(1)Summed up(2)Preferred(3)Financial（4）Accumulated（5）Intellectual（6）Affect（7）Industrial（8）Idle（9）Break down（10）Vocabulary I 1.1.industrial 2.idle 3.is functioning 4.intellectual 5.scared 6.handful 7.luxury 8.private 9.work up 10.slice 11.miracle 12.was jammed 2.1.to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。2.is a matter of total indifference to me.3.drove home the point that they needed extra people 4.was found after they searched for it for a long time 5.had run out of water by the time they got to the camp 3.1.manual and complex its financial 2.was very upset make a living by swore was/became much better off 3.handful ignorant of paintings/ works summed up II 1.The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.2.What made you change your mind? 3.I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer.4.The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make it vomit.5.The story makes interesting reading.6.Five and five make ten.7.On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.8.I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top III 1(1)developing(2)develop(3)development(4)develop(5)developing developed 2(1)amazed(2)amazes(3)amazingly(4)amazing(5)amazement Comprehensive exercise I.CLOZE 1.TEXT-RELATED(1)complex(2)idle(3)make a living by(4)accumulated(5)affect(6)function(7)faculties(8)ignorant(9)wake up 2.THEME-RELATED(1)dormitory(2)passing(3)leaping(4)department(5)burned(6)destroyed(7)seriously(8)marriages(9)report(10)perspective

7.大学实用英语综合教程介绍 篇七

关键词：《大学英语综合教程》,Readability Analyzer 1.0,课文难度,循序渐进性

一、Readability Analyzer 1.0简介

Readability Analyzer 1.0(下简称RA)是中国外语教育研究中心的许家金博士与贾云龙先生于2009年4月30日刚刚研制发布的语篇难/易读性性分析软件。

二、RA的效度测试

鉴于RA刚刚问世，人们对它还不很了解，文献中尚缺乏其效度的测试记录，在用RA分析《大学英语综合教程》课文难度的循序渐进性之前，现专门对其效度做一简单的测试。同时用WordSmith Tool 4.0检索出来的同一语篇的均词长、均句长数据对该测试提供支持与参考。

1. 测试材料

高考英语全国卷全真试题(简称高考)阅读理解20篇;大学英语四级考试全真试题(简称四级)阅读理解20篇;大学英语六级考试全真试题(简称六级)阅读理解20篇;英语专业八级考试与GRE/GMAT全真试题(简称八级)阅读理解20篇，以上材料大致出于同一年代段，只含阅读题(不包括速读略读题或完型填空式)题面语段，不包括选择题目与选项。

2. 测试项目

四个等级考试阅读语篇的词次 (1) 、词形 (2) 、词目 (3) 、均词长、均句长、易度、难度、水平等。

3. 测试结果

4. 结果分析

高考英语、四六级考试、专八与GRE/GMAT全真试题的阅读语段的难度学界公认是经过严格控制的，梯度明显递进。RA测试结果显示，四套测试材料的易读性、难读性与水平分别呈明显递减性与递增性。受测材料多为说明、论说文体，其词次、词形、词目、均词长、均句长也随难度呈递增态势。可见，RA这个课文难度写实性分析软件具有一定的真实性。

二、用RA分析《大学英语综合教程》课文难度的循序渐进性

1.测试材料

《大学英语综合教程》(1—6册)(下简称《综合》)主课文，不包括导读与生词表。

2.测试项目

《综合》主课文的词次、词形、词目、均词长、均句长、易度、难度、水平等，重点测试各册难/易读性的梯度。

3.测试结果

4.结果分析

根据Krashen的“i+1”输入假说的二语习得原则，外语教材在词句与阅读难度上应该遵循循序渐进原则。一般来说，平均句长加大，说明长句增多，复合句增多，加之平均词长拉长，都可能指示阅读难度加大。《综合》第1—6册词次、词形、词目明显递增，难度总体上呈平台上升趋势。这说明编者在有意控制语言输入的量和难度，但第2、4两册主课文说明文、论说文多，而简短人物对话多的小说作品少(分别含3篇和2篇)。平均句长与平均词长同时相对较高，因此，难度似乎超出应有的梯度要求。而第3, 5, 6册，因含有简短人物对话多的小说作品多(各含4篇，第6册一篇课文含有简短人物对话明显多)，平均句长与平均词长同时相对较低，因此，难度似乎没有达到梯度应有的难度。《大学英语综合教程》中有含有简短人物对话多的文学作品收入，平均词长与句长虽然减小，但并不意味着阅读理解难度下降，应结合文体、体裁等多种因素考虑。这是我们使用RA软件时应注意的问题。

三、结语

从本文做的测试上看，RA这个课文难度写实性分析软件具有一定(尤其是对于说明、论述文体)的真实性，对于课文难度的确定能提供一种快捷的参考数据，但我们不能僵硬地依赖软件分析数据，要结合文体、题材、风格等因素综合分析来确定课文难度。

参考文献

[1]Dubin, F., Olshtain, E.Course Design[M].Cambridge:CUR, 1986.

[2]谢家成.基于语料库的中学英语教材词汇评估[D].华南师范大学, 2007.