托福写作高分备考的重点(精选10篇)
1.托福写作高分备考的重点 篇一
古有陈毅吃墨水的故事,今时今日我们也需要多吃些墨水,才能在托福写作中挥洒自如。学过托福的同学们都知道托福写作部分,尤其是独立写作属于输出项,说直白点就是看我们肚子里有没有墨水了。有墨水的同学则是思如泉涌、奋笔疾书,而没有墨水的同学只能是才思枯竭、捉襟见肘。下面我们会以不同的备考时间段(托福备考时间)分布,带大家一起来见识下不同阶段的托福写作备考计划到底应该如何布局,才能让我们在相应的备考期内获得高分。
写作备考——1个月
综合写作篇
一个月备考期的话,综合写作部分的练习建议在模考软件中按照考试流程来进行,在规定的时间内读阅读、听听力、然后计时写作,写的过程中注意以下几点:
1. 单词的拼写,边打字边检查;
2. 三单的问题,也就是每句话的谓语要重点关注语态和时态;
3. 不能出现与阅读内容连续超过6words的重复,也就是说写作中需要用到阅读内容时必须要自己改写;
4. 注意听力内容的转述,不要盲目概括,要清楚听力内容的逻辑;
5. 不要去套用网络上盛行的各种模板,自己的创新更重要;
P.S. 有些同学遇到听力一遍听不懂的情况,最好再去重听几遍补充笔记,听力内容大体掌握后,再去写作,毕竟综合写作部分听力内容的转述才是关键。
独立写作篇
正常来说,写作备考应该有一个初期词汇和素材积累的过程,但是如果只有一个月备考时间的话,我们直接从范文开始学起,不单独去积累词汇和素材。很多学生也知道通过看范文来充实自己的写作食粮,然而往往看与不看貌似没神马差别。
首先,阅读高分及满分范文,不是去赏析一篇散文,阅读过程中需要我们去分析范文中的词汇、句式以及一些素材,然后把这些内容都做一个积累本。一篇范文看完后,学习到哪些内容应该自己再去总结一下,最后在自己写作的时候尽量的去套用。
额外补充一点:范文建议分类别看,比如我们集中看5篇教育类范文,就可以积累相对应的教育类作文常用的素材和词汇,那么自己写教育类作文的时候就可以把积累下来的词和素材得以运用。
写作备考——≥2个月
综合写作篇
2个月相对来说是比较普遍的一个备考期,2个月的时间足够让那些综合写作听力听不懂的童鞋有一个质的飞跃。如何短期内攻破综合写作的听力,获得高分,有些步骤和1个月备考期稍显不同:
1. 先3min读阅读,找出阅读的主题和3个中心论点;
2. 听听力,把握听力的中心论点,分论点及论据;
3. 听力内容听懂之后,20min计时写作,写完后检查自己的语法错误(三单、人称和时态);(参考1个月备考期综合写作注意事项)
4. 听力内容听一遍之后没有听懂,则先不进行第三步,反复听听力音频直至听懂为止,补充第一遍的`笔记,然后再去计时写作;
5. 对于听4、5遍仍然听不懂的,不进行写作。直接做听写,在听写的文本中标出听力的中心论点、分论点和论据;
6. 听写完成之后,再按照考试的流程,进行上述前三步;
上述过程,一方面是练习学生对于听力内容把握的能力,另一方面还是要练习写作,毕竟听力听懂之后能不能写明白还是要考察的是写作的能力,所以听写完成之后一定要再次按照考试流程去写作。
独立写作篇
2个月以上的备考期,独立写作分为两个阶段:词汇和句型的积累;限时写作练习;
第一阶段:词汇和句型的积累;
首先,背诵高频词汇。可以参考学习的资料有新托福写作1180必备的词汇,或者是托福写作词汇小伴侣。
其次,句型的积累,也是很多学生觉得看完用不上的,下面就给大家展示一下,如何去积累句型:
句子结构1: Significant advances have been made in A。
结构来源
Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered。
[译] 虽然在理解气味的生物学和化学性质上已经取得了重大进展,但是很多基本问题还没有得到解答。
结构解析
此结构可表达“A这方面取得了重大进展”的意思,这里A是一个名词性成分。这个结构可以用来表示某个问题的研究取得进展,或者某个方面得到改善。这个结构的亮点是使用了被动语态,可以强调“significant advances”,而忽视谁带来的“significant advances”。我们在作文的时候,可以比较一下这个句型和你常用的句型,明白它们之间的区别,从而选用合适的句型。
模仿使用
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the quality of life。
[译]近几年,生活质量有了很大的提高。
适用题目举例
TOEFL Writing 100
Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer。
句子结构2:A give B a huge advantage over C
结构来源
It may seem that this cultural continuity gives us a huge advantage over ants。
[译] 似乎这种文化的延续性使我们与蚂蚁相比拥有巨大的优势。
结构解析
此结构可表达”A使B与C相比拥有巨大的优势”的意思。这个结构暗含一种因果关系,A使得B拥有了某种优势,而且远远强过C。使用这个结构的时候注意在一般现在时中谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。建议研究一下例句,并且多模仿造句,让自己完全掌握这个结构。
模仿使用The low price of labor gives China a huge advantage over other countries。
[译] 廉价的劳动力使得中国与其它国家相比拥有巨大的优势。
适用题目举例
TOEFL Writing 9
Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer。
此处我们只列举几个句型,通过这两个结构想要告诉如何去把自己看到的句型去得以延伸和应用。
第二阶段:限时写作练习
前期的词汇和句型积累一定的量之后,就可以参照我们前面讲的一月备考期的复习计划,可以看范文,限时练习写作即可。
总之,写作部分不同于阅读和听力,需要的是先积累,后练习,方能赢得托福写作高分。
2.托福听力备考高分经验指点 篇二
1. 托福听力没有捷径
即使有所谓的捷径也不过就是实战的经验。最近有很多朋友反映,对于之后的托福听力考试更本没有用。的确如此。唯一有用的只有对于美国教育制度和文章的背景知识的了解的那一小部分了。所以要考好托福听力首先要下定决心硬听。切记,从第一天复习托福就开始听力训练。
2. 文章听不懂不要硬听
托福听力练习过程中对于文章或段子听不懂是否应该硬听,至到听懂为止呢?否,千万不要这做,听3到5遍之后,若发现听不懂应马上看原文才是。但看过原文之后应反复听,直到听到关键词都能够大脑条件反射,既不用想也知道。记住。对于听力而言,反复听已听懂的要比听听不懂的重要的多。同时效果也好很多。因为当你听不懂而去翻原文时很少是应为单词不认识耳听不懂,大多是熟词但出现场合改变而已。
3. 熟记段子里的短语
对于托福小段子题中的短语,你一定要熟记,有的人问是否有必要却整理词典中的短语,甚至是口语中的习语呢?否。只要把过去的真题中的习语搞懂就可以了。这种题量少,而且ETS也不常出了。完全没有要。
4. 带着问题听听力材料
学会带着问题去听,无论是小段子还是文章都可以这样去做。这样做会使你听力一听完,答案就出来了。而且不必要的更本可以不听。特别是长文章更是如此。先看文章的题目,再看答案,把文章的内容和重点先有所了解,而且要有对答案和文章的问题提法有所猜测。把自己的猜测和实际听力去对比,你会发现听力讲的事你有所了解的事情,而且是有过思考的事,这样化被动为主动,是很有帮助的。要能够使自己的猜测准确需要平时的多听,多练,多想。除了练没有别的任何方法。
5. 听力材料反复听10遍
建议每个同学说有的听力材料反复听上十遍,在考试前一定要把所有的听力过一遍,我指的是你所听过的所有听力,可能要花两天时间。你可以一边做事一边听,要求是你一听到小段子,你就知道答案是什么,是考事件,还是时间,或人物。这段子的重点是想考你什么。同时培养耳朵和大脑的条件反射。这样会使你在考试时,还没紧张答案已经出来了。很有好处。
6. 考前1周保证稳定听力量
考前一个星期每天一定要保证听力量,也就是说既不要让自己的耳朵在这几天过度疲劳,这样反而会在考试的时候影响了耳朵的敏感度;也不要只听一篇,让自己的耳朵到考前没有了状态。推荐每天真正做题的听力应该有两篇,然后自己锻炼用的听力最好是1-2篇,不过最好还是看个人的状态而定了,如果状态不好,一共只听2篇也可以,但不能少于这个量。
7. 保留部分题目到考前再做
七,要在考试之前的一个星期留5套从来没有做过的考题。有些考生喜欢很快就把所有的题都做了,个人认为这不是一种好方法,那样会在考前一个星期都是做做过的题目,会影响你考前对自己考分的评估,所以个人认为还是应该留有些题让自己热身,真正体验考试的感觉。
托福听力:听力细节题例子解析
例子细节题的特点
例子作为细节题的一种,只要你能听出提示词,抓住相关的大部分内容,那么细节题还是很容易得分的。例子题一定是原文出现过的内容,他们可能是同义改写,也可能是用原文中的词汇概述答案。所以对于原文中没有出现过的内容,一定是错的。
例子细节题的信号词
在听力文章中有表示for example, for instance, take … for example, take…, like…;if you…, imagine…, consider…, think of…等这些词汇都是例子题出现的位置,大家要根据信号词,抓住关键信息和重点进行答题。
真题案例
例子1.TPO18 lecture 3 第6题
Why does the professor say this:(例子细节题的标志。Why does the professor mention/say/talk about/discuss…? 或少数时候,它们也可以跟重听结合: Why does the speaker say this? )
A. To indicate that pepper was commonly used as payment
B. To indicate where pepper could be found at the time
C. To emphasize the high value of pepper at the time
D. To suggest that pepper was nearly as plentiful as gold
第一步:题目所对应的原文。Professor: Here is an example(信号词). In 408 AD, the Gothic General who captured Rome demanded payment. He wanted 5000 pounds of gold among other things but he also wanted 3000 pounds of pepper. Maybe that would give you an idea of exactly where pepper stood at the time.
第二步:在进行听的过程中,example就是信号词,通过信号词,考生要意识到这个地方是出题点和考点。记录example后面的关键信息是解题的关键。
第三步:例子后面的内容,5000 pounds of gold but also wanted 3000 pounds of pepper,这是重点信息。说哥特将军要赎金,不仅要5000磅黄金,还要3000磅胡椒。后面又说道pepper stood at the time,黄金和胡椒都是相提并论的东西,可见胡椒的价值和地位。因此例子就是用来强调high value of pepper,胡椒的地位高。
第四步:进行验证,因为文章中提到pepper和where pepper stood at the time,因此答案里面也应该有这两项内容。四个选项都含有pepper,但只有C选项有high value of pepper和where pepper stood at the time意思是一样的。因此答案为C选项。
例子2. TPO17 lecture 4 ,第2题
Why does the professor first mention Proteus?
A. To explain how the octopus got its scientific name.
B. To introduce the octopus’ exceptional abilities.
C. To point out that the octopus played an important role in Greek mythology.
D. To provide an example of a mythological character that was part animal and part human.
第一步:题目中问道教授为什么首先提到普罗透斯。在文章中从well开始说起,接下来一直在说普罗透斯会变形的内容,接着用Just like Proteus,表明章鱼和普罗透斯是一样的也可以变形。
第二步:这道题里面虽然没有提到表示例子的信号词,但是通过Just like Proteus,说明是通过普罗透斯变形的例子来说明章鱼的生活特性。因此答案为B选项。这种题目比较难,需要根据例子和上下文的关系进行解答,难度系数比较高。
托福听力:听力真题的特点解析
首先,Academic atmosphere 。侧重学术是其重大特点,考题中4篇lectures 和两篇long conversations大都涉及到各个学科专业知识,仅在两篇长对话中会出现校园服务等一般性话题,数量较小。最常考的十五大学科为:Zoology, botany, biology or microbiology, geology, geography, meteorology, astronomy, archeology, physiology, law, business and economy, literature, arts (music and architecture), history, philosophy。因此,在考生正式进入听力练习之前,务必要先通过专业学术词这一关,推荐书籍为《词以类记》,选择报班上课的同学坚决不能“裸听”。
其次,Degree of difficulty。新托福听力有难度是达成广泛共识的。听力时间为60-90分钟(根据有无加试题而定),大部分水平可以的考生,由于缺乏长时间持续性的专注练习,听到中后期就floating in the air了,从而导致分数不高。其“三不原则”也是让考生觉得很茫然的,自然增加了难度--不可看,不可逆,不可改。考前看不到选项,只能前进不能后退,选完不能修改。寄期望于分析选项和前后联系选题的考生就要大大失望了,不过考前失望总比考后绝望要好的多,“丑话总是说在前头”嘛。
第三,Macro and micro。这是针对题型的,既有微观又有宏观题。考生在以往没见过的多选题(四选二,五选三),排序题,复听题等让考生眼花缭乱,所以对各种题型的分析和研究非常必要。这个蓝色DELTA和绿色的Barron 都有分类专项练习。
第四,More characters。在考题中,考生会发现常常不是一个人或者两个人在讲,总是会一个教授和几个学生,或者好几个同学之间的讨论,角色多元是其另一大显著特点。
第五,Focus on practical tests。因为是IBT(internet based test)考试, 所以真正的实战就显得尤为重要。ETS唯一的官方教材OG(Official guidance), TPO (Toefl practice on line), DELTA 等套题或模考是考生必须要认真分析拿下的,因为新托福考试纸上的练习和上机练习有很大差别。顺便讲下,很多学生关注最新的CET四级和六级,其实新托福考试就是我们CET4和CET6的风向标,新的CET考试和听力相关的部分会占到70%,也是无法事先看到选项,采取网考的形式。另外,“机经”对于初识新托福的同学也会有较大的帮助,应该予以关注,这也是实战后的产物。
最后,Note-taking。新托福听力每篇文章都在4-6分钟,长度是大部分考生之前没见过的,为了弥补短期记忆不足,就必须要记笔记。记什么,怎么记是笔记训练的关键。一般是三种境界:什么都记 (记中听) —有选择的记(边听边记) – 边听偶尔记 (听中记),要达到第三层境界,需要较长的时间甚至需要一些有效点拨,当然内功到了,一点即破。
托福听力:听力笔记怎么避免误区
首先要明白,在托福听力考试中,笔记是给自己记的,它的作用是辅助你解题,在某种程度上,能让你的大脑少记忆些琐碎的东西。因此,记笔记的方式可以随心所欲,所以对于一些网上教的或老师推荐用的一些所谓简记符号和一些速记方法其实是一个很大的误区。
用符号记笔记的根本目的是在自己能看懂的情况下尽量少写点字,毕竟题目说的很快,要记的东西也不少,简记在某种意义上能提高记的效率。但一些自己不熟的符号或简写一定不要用,也不要背别人惯用的符号,考场上的气氛会让你将半熟不熟的东西大部分都忘掉,只有脑中最为熟悉的东西才是最管用的。每人的简记符号均不同,都十分有个性。有些朋友用各种古怪的字符,图案,甚至于用汉语记都不要紧,不要怕没面子,只有你一人看你的笔记。不管黑猫白猫,只要抓住老鼠就是好猫!为了高分,记笔记可不择手段。
然后说一些关于理解的东西,弄清主体逻辑结构才是最重要的,然后是进展过程或解释步骤或讲解步骤。一定不要把注意力放在不会的生词和其他的和专业相关的内容上面。
拿barron第五套模考listening section 1 的conversation举例:主体结构是学生和教授整理几种记忆之间的区别。学生在一些废话之后刚开始问问题就点出了自己没弄懂declarative memory(dm) 和 procedural memory(pm)两种long term memory 之间的区别。教授先举例解释什么是dm,如name, date, experience,学生又打岔说了个professor’s name。紧接下来说了dm的两个子类:em和sm。讲em时,教授举例bring daughters to appointment,用此联系到problem solving。然后dm告一段落,开始说pm。讲pm首先重点提到skill,又举了两个skill的例子,骑自行车和弹钢琴,后面跟了一个理论性较强的短语:not consciously remember.这就基本阐明了dm与pm的区别,之后又补了一句dm 学得快忘得也快,而pm恰恰相反。最后学生又谈到小孩学说话。
3.托福写作高分备考的重点 篇三
很多备战托福的同学会觉得口语发音并不需要关注。但事实上,口语最基本的一项评分就是:发音清晰,能让考官听懂学生的答案。ETS的评分官每天都要评判上百份口语答案,所以一个让评分官需要十分费力才能猜测出大概意思的答案,是很不讨喜的。
答题时间要控制
很多学生在口语答题中只关注答题时间,认为把时间凑够了,分数就能上去。其实,为了凑时间重复性复述内容并不能提高分数,相反,把内容清晰地表述出来并做好总结更重要。同时,小编也告诉大家一点,如果你的答案已经做到逻辑清楚,有理有据,即便没有说完所有的点,对于分数的影响并不大。
日常开口要落实
4.托福考生托福写作高分经验 篇四
江同学的英文基础水平不错,但在写作方面缺少系统的练习。在了解江同学的基本情况之后,我给她制定了十分具有针对性的备考计划。
在综合写作方面,主要通过课上讲评和课后练习的方式进行的。在做题时,要求江同学要注重阅读和听力部分的一一对应的反驳关系。在课程中,进行了对阅读的总观点和分论点进行改写的练习,于此同时也讲解了如何使表达更有简洁性。听力内容方面,则让江同学要做到尽量还原原文,尤其是细节部分更要表达完整准确。在注重技巧训练的同时也时刻提醒学员要打好基础,加强单词方面的背诵与默写。在单词背诵方面,我主要借鉴《词以类记》这 本书的按学科分类部分的方法来扩展江同学词汇量,并且让她在平时的学习中注意搭建单词发音与拼写之间的联系。
在独立写作方面,我们首先讲解了题型的分类和相应的解题技巧。通过对主题句的写作练习,一方面纠正了江同学的一些语言表达上的错误,同时提醒她要加强主题句与段落展开之间的联系。课后我也会布置适量的作业来检查她对课上所讲内容的掌握情况。在作业讲评中,我发现江同学比较喜欢使用说理的形式来展开段落,这就使得她的表达比较单一。为了让她文章段落的表达更加多样化,我有意通过不同题型的讲解来使得江同学逐步掌握使用例证法和数据报道等形式的段落展开方式。
江同学于7月18日参加了第一次托福考试,写作成绩26总分105。相信这样的分数对于大多数托福考生来说已经足够高了,但是对于想申请顶尖名校的学霸来说还差那么一点点。为此,在后续的课程中,我给她制定了更严密的备考计划。要想更上一层楼取得更高的分数,就意味着要尽可能地减少各种错误并使文章出彩,比如要注重单词的拼写,加强多样化的表达等。那么就要首先从审题方面下手,比如独立写作三选一的题目,江同学在读题目方面有时不太认真。这时我会指出她审题方面的问题,并且要求她注意审题,尤其应关注题目中的一些细节信息,这样有助于更好地思考分论点。此外,课上我还会拿出江同学文章中的一句话要求她进行词汇的同义替换和句式的改写。在写名词和动词时,会要求她要慢下来,思考一下正确的表达形式。具体来说就是名词要不要加定冠词或者复数的变化,动词则要注重时态和单三形式的变化。在每篇文章的讲评中,我都会不厌其烦地指出她的各种语法和拼写错误,找出犯错误的原因,让她自行改正错误并鼓励她在今后的写作中要提高注意力,避免重复犯错。在解题思路方面,不仅加强了对江同学独立写作分论点方面万能理由的补充,还进行了相关词汇的补充,从而使语言表达更加多样化。
作为一名高中生,平常的课业压力之大是不难想象的。从4月2日的首次课到8月28日上完最后一节写作课。在这5个月的写作1对1辅导期间,我们一共上了14节课,平均下来10天才能上一次写作。但如果细看课表的话,学员由于课业压力大,有时甚至两周才能上一次写作课,这样不均匀的上课频率其实并不太利于备考。因此,上课时间的有效利用与互动就显得更加珍贵。不过江同学的学习态度认真,理解能力强,互动能力也很好,同时对待作业也能按时认真完成,才使得她的写作能够不断的进步。我们每次的课后作业都是根据江同学下次课的上课时间来布置的,这样不仅可以督促学员认真高效完成,同时也可以让她及时整理此前课上所学的知识点,不断巩固与消化。
当然学霸有时也会出现问题,在长时间的备考过程中,江同学也会难免出现懈怠的情绪。记得有一次综合写作作业的完成质量相比从前有所下降,我便立即提醒她要引起足够的重视。并且要求江同学继续背诵综合写作模板,同时课下要求她加强综合写作的练习并根据阅读和听力原文进行自检。
功夫不负有心人,江同学于209月3号再战托福,写作部分拿到了令人羡慕的满分,总分也再创新高达到了111分。当问及学员高分的体会时,孩子的回答也很简洁——多练多写。这四个字看似简单,但实际上包含太多背后需要付出的努力。
以上就是小编为大家整理00后考生托福写作高分经验分享,希望可以扬长避短,找到适合自己的方法来提升自己的托福写作成绩。最后,小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。
托福写作模板:如何提升演讲能力
题目:
After your presentation, which way would you choose to identify your weakness and improve your presentation?
1) reviewing the recording on your own;
2) inviting your colleagues or classmates to make suggestions for improvement.
范文1:For Choice 1
To improve my performance after giving a presentation, it is best to review a recording of it by myself. This process lets me observe all aspects of the presentation, evaluate changes at my own pace, and avoid being defensive.
First, a video recording gives significantly more information than just relying on comments made by colleagues or classmates. I can analyze and improve on even small points that others may not have noticed or found worth mentioning. For example, a couple years ago, I gave a presentation that I had extensively prepared for. It had strong organization and flow. Classmates raved about the content, but mentioned that I looked scared. I was confused, because I had felt confident. However, I noticed in the video later that I was continually fingering my notes. For my next presentation, I placed the notes within view but did not hold them, rendering my appearance more professional.
Another reason I prefer watching a recording is my pace of learning. I can focus on the points I want to redo, replaying the material as often as I want, confirming even tiny details. In fact, I can even take long breaks to think about what I see or to try out alternate delivery styles. I do not have to inconvenience my friends by asking them for feedback or taking up their time. If others are involved in the evaluation process, I feel much more rushed because I do not want to bother people who have agreed to help me.
Finally, reviewing a recording by myself eliminates a serious problem that hinders progress: my pride. I do not like to admit it, but I often get defensive about feedback and want to explain why certain things happened. I feel resentful about negative comments rather than see them as stepping stones towards improvement. It is a natural tendency, but it definitely hinders my ability to assimilate outside feedback. Furthermore, friends try to be polite, so they may not mention minorpoints that I might have improved because they don’t want to seem too critical. Emotions get in the way of a thorough critique.
To improve my future performance, I find it best to review videos of my presentations by myself. I can evaluate all aspects of the presentation, take as much time as I need, and avoid the inevitable problem of emotional involvement swaying the critique.
at my own pace 按照自己的步伐走
rave about the content 对内容赞不绝口
place the notes within view 把笔记放在眼前,把笔记放在视线范围内
inconvenience my friends 麻烦我的朋友
take up their time 占用他们的时间
see them as stepping stones towards improvement 把它们看作是迈向进步的垫脚石
get in the way 妨碍,阻碍
范文2:For Choice 2
It is essential to get the feedback of people in the audience to learn about mistakes and improve on a presentation. Spectator critiques help identify the big picture and reveal points that you can’tsee in an honest, unbiased way.
No matter how impartial you want to be, a self-evaluation is biased. It incorporates points that are not relevant to the performance you gave. For example, you may think you did excellent given your limited practice time or great amount of stress, but your audience is unaware of these factors. The viewers only evaluate what they see, which is a far more accurate measure of a presentation. A self-evaluation may also ignore issues that were “just accidents.” However, such points may reallybe important detractors that need to be addressed.
People in the audience also provide insight into the big picture. They only have time to note specific glaring details or outstanding highlights. Otherwise, their feedback gives you the overallimpression of the performance, which is something intangible and essential to the presentation’ssuccess. If you compare the feedback of several observers, you can isolate the main patterns. As a result, you can understand the most important parts that need changed. If you only refer to a video on your own, you may get caught up changing minor details rather than addressing the key elements that are needed to alter the overall flow or lasting effect.
Finally, classmates or colleagues may identify things you take for granted such as mannerisms, repeated words, or even problems with visual aids. One example is a teacher who gave a presentation using an old slide projector that kept jamming. The teacher apologized when that happened and kept going with the lecture. He had no idea how distracting it was, to the point that students remembered joking about which slide would get stuck next better than they remembered the content. The teacher, however, was so used to fixing the projector that he barely noticed it. The feedback showed him the value of replacing his visual aids with newer equipment, an issue he had never considered was important.
Since an audience gives you honest evaluations of the overall impression of a presentation and identifies points you may not see on your own, it is important to get feedback from people in the audience in order to improve your presentations.
spectator critiques 旁观者的评论
in an honest, unbiased way 以诚实、公正的方式
a far more accurate measure of a presentation 对报告或展示一种更为准确的评价
provide insight into the big picture 洞察全局
glaring details 明显的细节
outstanding highlights 突出的亮点
visual aids 视觉辅助
托福写作模板:当今的学生是否更关心政治
题目:当今的学生是否更关心政治
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Students are more interested in politics today than they were in the past.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
范文1:Argument 1 (for)
Students today are more interested in politics than students were in the past. The methods of presenting politics to the general audience have changed. Now that it is more entertaining and easier to watch the progress of local and international events, students have a greater desire to follow political issues.
In the past, political issues were considered serious topics that needed to be treated with dignity and respect. That attitude has changed in recent years, so that now political events such as debates are colorful spectacles designed to engage and entertain. Politicians are often viewed asamusing and mocked by actors and the media. As a result, students enjoy seeing what antics the politicians are up to. This new attitude is a far cry from the dry, solemn tone of yesteryear.
Not only are political proceedings considered more entertaining, but they are also easier to access now than they were in the past. It is easy to look up issues on the internet or smart phones, so students can read about political events at any time. They do not have to buy a newspaper ordedicate a certain time to watching news on the television. Instead, they can read on the bus or while waiting to meet a friend. In fact, social media also rapidly spreads news about political events, allowing the news to reach millions more students than it would have in the past.
At the same time that technology makes news about politics more accessible, it encourages more awareness of events so that students do not feel left behind. Students want to follow issues so that they can converse in witty ways with their friends. They do not want to appear “out of the loop,” so they read up on what is happening. They take time to scan headlines and watch videos so that they are able to discuss such things with their peers.
Today, politics are presented as diverting and entertaining. New technology makes it easier for students to access news. In turn, students have more of a desire to learn about the news so they can keep up with their friends. As a result, students today follow politics much more than they did in the past.
the general audience
普通观众,大众
be viewed as X.X.X
被当做 X.X.X
be up to
从事于,忙于
be a far cry from the dry, solemn tone of yesteryear
与过去干巴巴的、严肃的语气大不相同
dedicate a certain time to do
花一定的时间去做
in witty ways
以诙谐的方式
out of the loop
在局外,在圈外
范文2:Argument 2 (against)
In the past, students were more aware of political issues than they are today. Most students today are raised in an environment that does not encourage insightful analysis of local and world events. Although technology has increased the availability of news, it does not mean that students regularly access it.
First, students lack the encouragement to interpret the news that they see. In the past, families often watched political news together around their single television. After seeing the news, they might argue different sides of the issue and analyze the ramifications of the decisions. Families sitting around the dinner table would invariably discuss politics. However, these opportunities are greatly reduced because families have more than one television, allowing members to view completely different shows. Very few families today sit down for a dinner with all members present. The structure of the home has changed so that students are not encouraged to participate in discussions about politics.
Second, priorities have changed so that students don’t have time or don’t want to watch politics. Why pay attention to dry, boring news when there are social media and extremely engaging video games? Students would prefer to gossip with friends about school and peers rather than discuss details of law and commerce. In the past, if students were not outside playing, they were isolated at home, leaving them with little to do other than pick up the newspaper and read events. However, today students can message friends or become absorbed in the internet, options that let them pursue other things than politics.
Finally, the way news is presented leaves students less educated about political events than they were in the past. Today, news is given as short, catchy headlines or video shots. For example, students may get a brief look at the highlight of a debate, but they do not understand the background or implications of the decision. They may see the funny moment when a politicianmakes a verbal slip, but they do not have any context for it. The current trend of making politics amusing is shifting the population’s awareness from a thoughtful analysis of politics to a humorous anecdote without a framework of reference.
Students today are not nearly as aware of political issues as they were in the past. Changing family structures, priorities, and news presentation methods have turned the tide towards a more superficial understanding of politics.
insightful analysis of local and world events
对当地和世界事件的深刻分析
analyze the ramifications of the decisions
去分析这些决定的后果
gossip with X
与X闲聊
become absorbed in
专注于,沉迷于
catchy headlines
吸引眼球的标题
make a verbal slip
犯口误
a thoughtful analysis of politics
5.托福写作高分的定律风格统一 篇五
托福写作高分的定律:风格统一
很多中国考生普遍的问题是在追求高分的过程中走入了误区。一个误区是语言风格上的混合错误:正式语言与非正式语言反差过大,现代英语中掺杂古英语或旧式英语;另一个误区是词语搭配错误。
我们一定要注意到,写作是应用写作(practical writing),非创造性写作(creative writing),即考察学生的语言表述能力,而不是文学创作能力。无论是综合写作还是独立写作,考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚,让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说,有两大标准,即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确,又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思,从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。
先来说说准确性。譬如这样一个句子:My writing ability increased by reading many books. 拆开来看,每个英文单词对应的中文意思是对的。但存在一个问题,ability和increase是不搭配的。任何一个单词,都不能单纯地说用得好不好。语言是讲究搭配的,简单常见的词只要搭配合适,放置合适的语境,依然可以锻造完美的句子。这个道理和穿衣混搭是一样的。穿着漂亮不在于单品是如何大牌如何昂贵,而在于款式质地的和谐,以及最后的上身效果。
在这个句子中,increase表示增加的意思,主要表示数量的增加。尽管有时也能表示程度的增进,但这里和ability的搭配是不正确的。一般我们说develop one”s ability,也可以说improve one“s ability. 因此,这句话得修改成My writing ability developed by reading many books. 当然还可以修改得更地道一些。后半句想表达“阅读”,学生一般的习惯是把“读”和“书”全部翻译出来。注意,写作是表达,不是翻译。这么写固然是对的,还不够理想。 我们进一步把句子修改成My writing ability developed by reading much. 从表达效果来讲,已经“达”了,考生想表述的意思和阅卷人读到的意思完全吻合。当然句子可以再继续修改得更加豪华,本文暂不赘述。
那么,词语的搭配如何检验呢?在各种班型的培训课程中,老师固然会提到一些典型搭配。但更为重要的是考生自己掌握检验的方法。我个人比较推荐Oxford Learner”s English Collocation Dictionary(《牛津学生英语搭配词典》),其中的语料来源和实用性都比较好。
关于多样化,举个最普遍的例子:“more and more”这个短语几乎是每个中国学生都使用过的短语。我看到过太多学生的独立写作文章,三四百字的短文里出现了四五次。有学生在开头段便使用了三次。学生重复使用该短语是可以理解的,一个是熟悉,再来字数似乎上去了。其实,稍加思考便知道,如此做法反而在文章开头便向阅卷人暴露了弱处。因此这种不顾语言质量的“凑字数”方法是不可取的。
如何解决语言单一的问题?平日积累是必不可少的。而积累的最好方法就是阅读和仿写。阅读的材料有几大注意点:一、选择现代英语,简而言之,选择至少五十年以内的材料。读莎翁很好,但忌讳盲目模仿。二、题材上尽量选择essay(散文、评论性文章、短文尤佳)。不少学生喜欢看Twilight(《暮光之城》)之类的的幻想小说,这对培养阅读兴趣和语感很好,但对托福写作的帮助不直接。
Twilight之类属于创造性写作,即文学写作,其语境和托福考试需要的议论文有很大差别,即便学到很炫的词句,但恐无用武之地。
要想贯彻托福写作定律,大家可以采用“仿写”的方式来练习,要注意尽量仿写整句,保持原句结构,替换内容。才能完整的保持托福作文风格的统一。
详解托福综合写作的3大难点分析
对于托福的综合写作来说,大家看其简单的要求便可知道:A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage(考生需要书写一篇文章以说明该阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系。)也就是说,对于综合写作来时,围绕着材料展开是我们首先需要关注的一个内容。那么,对于综合写作来说,我们需要准备的是些什么内容呢?
首先,材料信息的归纳。对于综合写作来说,把握材料信息是非常重要的。对于题目中给出的阅读和听力材料,特别是听力材料,考生需要在很短的时间内把握其重点信息和论证方法,而且在写作中这也是一大难点。很多学生多会由于在文章脱开了文章的论述,开始时了自己新颖的观点而不能获得高分。
其次,作文的行文结构。对于综合写作过程中,完整的逻辑结构建立又是全文的第二大难点。这里就涉及到如何能够使用具有较强逻辑性和完整的文章结构。在这里就建议大家可以多看一些经典范文,通过仿写来了解文章结构的建立。
6.托福写作高分攻略 篇六
一.敢于表达“自我”
众所周知,托福写作部分通常以议论文形式考察学生,要求学生对某一话题进行探讨,是否赞同及理由是什么。在此类文章下,西方写作要求作者鲜明地展现自己观点,突出作者的“自我”,而我们学生往往表现的“唯唯诺诺”,似乎不敢直接说出自己的想法,拉长文章篇幅,却让读者疑惑。
二.“直线思维”写作
举例说明,儿时写游记作文时,大家最喜欢在开头写“今天秋高气爽”,而每每和外国友人提起此,他们都纷纷表示“然后呢?”,因为在西方人眼里天气好就是天气好,无它。
而中国文化里“秋高气爽”隐指“心情舒畅”,我们更希望塑造一种语境让读者猜测,这在西方文化里是行不通的。托福写作里,我们鼓励学生在每个主体段第一句直接提出论点,就是为了迎合西方写作思维,把最想表达的以最直接的方法,放在最显眼的位置,使考官一目了然,想高分进击。
三.了解托福写作考察重点
托福写作考察的是学生对语段的转述、总结能力,对事物观点的看法,而不仅仅是英语语法和词汇的运用。常见到学生文章里用复杂的句型和高深的词语,细看却内容空泛,没有思想。这也是为什么很多学生认为自己辛苦背句型却得不到高分的原因。
要想避免在写作中免受“中式思维”的影响,必须要敢于表达自我,采用“直线思维”的方式写作,这样才更有可能拿到托福写作高分。反之,如果持续按照“中式思维”去写文章,可能会一直卡在托福写作提升的瓶颈期。
托福写作:常见立场介绍
1.持一立场
针对某一个论题,每一种观点都有它的理由。同样,在托福作文中也不存在着唯一的观点和内容。这时,你可以从两个完全相反的观点中选择一个立场。关键在于你如何说服读者:尽管存在着相反的立场,你的观点从总体上来说仍然是最具说服力的。
一般说来,应该选择那个政治上正确的或者大多数考生会选择的观点。当然,如果你不擅长写这种文章,你可以适当地调整一下内容以适应你较习惯的舒服的表达方式。但总的说来,文章要均衡,不要包含高度争议性的论述。不要把这里当成思想家的论坛。写一篇高度争议性的文章只会让读者对你产生偏见,同时也会使电脑评分器费解,因为这种文章和其数据库里所储存的文章差别太大。所以,针对问题时尽量使用较冷静平和的语气。尽管如此,你也不能不选择一个立场。你必须选择一个将要“出现”在开头段落和结论段落里的观点。当然,考试时,题目会让你选择一种观点,但你必须明确地表述出来。
2.文章的深度
每篇文章你只有30分钟,这么短的时间内你不可能覆盖每一个推理,反驳和例子。当你开始考试时,抽出几分钟的时间确定要写的论点和例子。你不必包含每个论题和概念。大部分学生都没有足够的时间覆盖他想覆盖的内容。所以,只要选择其中最具说服力的点和例子。其实,判分者也不期望你对每个论题都作深入的探讨。
这里最重要的是你的作文不要离题。抓住要点。不要扯远了也不要过分集中在某个例子上。
3.例子从何而来
题目会告诉你可以利用自己的经历来展开你的论点,得出结论。这种方法是可以的,但不要过分。你的推理依据应该更偏向于所学到的知识而非个人经历。你所举的例子或者知识可能很吸引人,但不要试图深入。因为托福作文测试的是你基本写作能力,而非你的专业知识。留学生:尽量多读一些美国杂志,以适应美国人写作的习惯和跟上时代的潮流。
4.保持简洁
试着将自己放在评分者的位置上,他们整天在为作文判分。你希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的简洁的有效的文章还是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?简而言之:确保你的作文干脆,简洁能取悦评分者。在Issue部分这尤其重要,因为在这里你表达的是你自己的观点。
托福写作:考试介绍
一、Integrated writing ( 结合写作)
第一篇作文 叫做Integrated writing ( 结合写作), 给考生3分钟读一篇文章(大概200字左右),然后听一段关于对此文章的评论,结束后让考生写出150-225字的作文(只能打字),典型的问法是:Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on point made in the reading. 听力结束后,阅读部分会再次出现并保留在电脑屏幕的左半部分,考生便可以开始写作。此文的评分标准有2条: 1. 要点分2. 语言分
要写好此篇作文关键有以下几点:
1. 考生必须从根本上掌握英语八股文的结构。阅读时,考生必须按照八股文结构,记下这些points和support points 的details.
2. 听力时,考生要记下说话者是如何反对这些Points的。注意的是说话者的反对顺序不一定按照阅读文章的演进顺序进行。
3. 如果points 没有漏掉,接下来的关键就是考生如何表达说话者和阅读内容的关系了。
以下是作者参加新托福考试时关于smart cars写作使用的模块,提供给大家参改。
The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______. First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagree with the view made in the reading. Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________.
Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading. So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
掌握好以上模板,此篇作文实在是太好准备了。
二、Independent writing
此篇文章和以前的笔试及机考没有什么大的区别,给30分钟写一篇300字的文章(只能打字)。此篇文章的评分标准有4个:
1. Address the writing topic effectively (有效地阐明主题)
2. Well organized and well-developed (条理清楚,发展充分)
3. Use specific details and examples to support your view (论据具体明确)
4. Word choices and sentence variety (遣词造句能力)
典型的问法是:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
7.托福写作各种高分语句 篇七
2. Some months ago ,a friend of mine was killed in atragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver.The incident was far fromrare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people dricing underthe influence of alcohol.
3. I recently read a newspaper article on the rampantspread of child abuse . The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse ofinnocent children has aroused public concern nationwide.
8.托福写作高分结尾句总结 篇八
2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ...
3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of ..., if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result in...
4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.
5) There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but... might be helpful/beneficial
6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of... might be the first step on the right way.
7) There is little doubt/denying that
8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of...require immediate attention
9) As far as ... be concerned, I believe/think that ...
10) In conclusion,...
11) In my opinion, I am in favor of ...
12) Personally, I prefer to...
13) In short,... should learn to...; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly
9.托福写作高分备考的重点 篇九
托福口语高效备考重点:英语表述能力
很多考生对于口语部分都不是非常的重视,所以平时缺乏练习。在口语的反应时间比较短,所以在答案当中,表述太过于频带,而且还有很多中文的表达方式以及语法上的错误。包括代词部分,时态乱用以及词汇匮乏。
所以大家在平时准备的时候,最好每天翻译3个比较复杂的句子,中文翻译成英文。这样的练习,能够有效的帮助大家提高自己的语言能力,而且还能从中体会到中英文之间的差异,选择用比较地道的英文表述方法。另外,还需要多留意一些生活当中的感触,能够给大家的回答增加不少的内容。
托福口语高效备考重点:传译能力
10.2020托福口语备考重点是什么 篇十
所以,考生在积累词汇的时候,没有必要背那些十分难的词,大家重点掌握一些比较小的转折连词、动词短语和美国口语的惯用方法即可,以达到让整个口语听起来精彩的效果。比如如果考生在描述一个人聪明的时候,用的是smart而不是clever,就会给人眼前一亮的感觉。
独立口语考试其实是一个考察考生输出能力的考试,因为考生在论述自己的观点的时候,只能根据自己的积累来选择合适的论点和论据,这是题目中所不能提供的,因此如果考生想要在独立口语考试中取得高分,就一定要重视积累,掌握一些常用的可以回答一系列问题的思路,比如在回答人物类中的关于名人的话题的时候,考生就可以从以下几个方面入手来解决,首先从成名点来进行阐述,简要地陈述他的成名过程,然后从精神层面来阐述,这个人在奋斗的过程中,具备了哪些优秀的品格,最后考生可以从慈善这个角度来进行回答。
托福口语备考重点二 利用好官方真题Official
在备考托福口语的过程中,很多考生都会准备各种各样的备考资料,但是官方真题Official绝对是考生在备考的时候不能忽视的资料。因为官方真题Official是由ETS发布的,所以从权威性上和出题形式上来说,它都是最接近于真题的。
【托福写作高分备考的重点】推荐阅读:
托福独立写作文章结构布局高分思路讲解12-14
托福写作高分技能:准确性+多样化12-22
如何走入托福写作思维?逻辑关系是重点02-20
托福写作常识的介绍06-30
托福写作的牛人经验07-09
托福写作词汇01-15
托福写作利弊类09-18
托福口语备考攻略之把握重点有针对性地备考07-08
托福口语和写作素材--包含人名的俗语08-16
托福独立写作中的常见错误详解11-07