高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)

高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)（精选4篇）

1.高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文) 篇一

高三语法复习：

状语从句

1.时间状语从句。

引导时间状语从句的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等。

(1) When, while和 as

When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用与主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重动作的持续性和对比性。如：While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story.as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。并常用来表示两种发展变化中的情况。

When they came home, I was cooking dinner.

She watched TV while (she was) eating.

As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

(2) 时间状语从句还有几个特殊的引导词。

如：every time, each time, next time, the day, the year, the minute, the moment 和副词immediately, directly, instantly等.

a.Every time I saw him, I would like to listen to his songs.

b.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.

c.I recognized her the minute I saw her.

d. He left Europe the year World War II broke out.

e. My sister came directly(=as soon as) she got my message.

f. The machine will start instantly you press the button.

(3) since 和 before 的用法异同。

It is/ has been + some time+ since+ sb did sth.

It was / is / will be + some time+ before sb did/ do sth

It is just a week since we arrived here.

It’s a long time since I met you last.

How long is it since you were in Ningbo ?

It was years before I came back from abroad. It will be five years before we meet again.

It wasn’t long before he came back..

since 其后的动词不同,起算的时间也不同.

since + 瞬间动词过去式 (从该动作发生时算起)

since + 持续性动词的过去式 ( 从该动作结束时算起)

He worked very hard since he entered the factory.

We haven’t seen each other since I worked in the factory.

(从我不在厂工作以来……)

She has never been to visit me since I was ill. (病愈以来)

(4)till& until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用以强调，句首多用until;在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。例如：Nothing can be done till/ until the boss returns.

I waited for him until he came back.

He didn’t go to bed until he had finished the work.

Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

(5) no sooner…than, hardly…when和scarcely… before相当于as soon as之意, 其引导的从句中谓语动词要用 had done。当 hardly, scarcely和 no sooner置于句首时,语气较强, 主句的谓语要部分倒装. 例如:

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.

2. 地点状语从句由where或 wherever引导，在主句前，后均可.

where 表特指，wherever表泛指

I found the books where I left them.

Make a mark where you have any questions.

Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.

(1) 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。如：

Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.

(2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。Where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中 where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 如：

Go back where you came from

Go back to the village where you came from.

Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy.

Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy.

3. 原因状语从句because, since, as, for,

because表直接的原因,语气最强.

since “既然”:一般放在句首,表已知的原因,全句重在交代结果,语气比because弱.

as 放在句首或句末,说明因果关系,语气较弱,重点在主句,译作“由于”for表间接原因，用来补述内容.放在主句后.语气最弱.

Since (As) it was raining, you ‘d better take a taxi.

Because he is ill, he is absent today.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

As he is from the south, he is unaccustomed to the dry weather in Beijing.

在强调句型中,引导从句只能用because, 不能用 since或as.

It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.

4. 条件状语从句

引导词: if, unless, so/ as long as用一般现在时表示一般将来时

In case anything important happens, please call me up.

I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.

if only(要是…就好了; 但愿) 常表示愿望或一未实现的条件,尤用于感叹句.

If only he arrives in time!

If only I had met him earlier!

If only it would stop raining!

on condition(that)=provided (that) =providing (that) ( 假若; 倘使)

supposing (that) =if

You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.

I’ll go providing my wages are paid.

Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

*在条件状语从句中,如果条件状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是无人称代词, 从句的谓语动词或助动词 be, 可将从句的主语和动词 be一起省略.

If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with him.

If (it is) important, I’ll write this article.

目的和结果状语从句

目的:so that… in order that… ( 情态动词)

结果: so that, so/ such… thatHe studied even harder so that he might catch up with the top students in a possible short period.

He studied even harder so that he caught up with the other students.

He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.There are so many people in the room that we could’t get in.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though 等引导。

注意:

1) as 表行为方式

2) as if 引导的从句表示与事实相反或不可能实现时,从句用虚拟语气。

比较状语从句

引导词: than, as… as,

the more… the more…He didn’t do as much as he had

promised.

Now we can produce much more

steel than Japan.

The higher you stand, The farther you will see.

注意被比较的内容应一致

The weather here is hotter than that( = the weather) in your hometown.The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.

责任编辑：李芳芳

2.高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文) 篇二

江苏省黄桥中学高一英语备课组

1. Firs let’s translate some phrases:

1)推选他做班长(队长,主席,总统,国王)make(elect ,choose )him monitor(captain,chairman, president, King)

2)把每天锻炼作为一个规定 make it a rule to exercise every day

3)称这个地方为金三角call the place the GoldenTriangle

4)称它为古英语/不明飞行物call it Old English/ a UFO

5)觉得做某事是快乐的事feel / find / think it a pleasure/ fun to do sth

6)认为帮助别人是我的职责think it my duty to help others

7)认为撒谎是一种耻辱think it a shame to tell lies

8)把门漆成更鲜艳的颜色paint the door a brighter color

Summary: 名词作宾语补足语， 即： 主+谓+宾+宾补(名词)，宾语和宾语补足语之间有一种逻辑上的主系表结构关系。能接这种宾语补足语的动词常见的有：

call / name / consider / believe / think / find / feel / imagine/ elect / make / choose etc.

Attention:

1) 当名词表示某人的职务、头衔时，作宾语补足语的名词前面通常不用冠词，如：

appoint him minister to a foreign country

2) 作宾语补足语的名词通常与宾语在数上保持一致。如：

make Joe his assistant / make Joe and Sue his assistants

3) 可用it作形式宾语

find / feel / think it +n find it my duty / fun / a pleasure to do sth.

2. Second , introduce other patterns.

S+ V+ O+ Object complement.(adj/ adv.)，其中的形容词可分为两类。一类形容词表示宾语所处的状态，如find sb open/ find sth rough; 还有一类形容词表示宾语的特征或心理状态，如：find sb disappointing, find sb interested in sth, find sb deeply moved

1) 证明他是错的 prove him (to be ) wrong 使我们保持暖和 keep us warm

2) 把衣服弄脏 get the clothes dirty 让门开着 keep / leave the door open

3) 认为最好你和我们在一起think it best for you to stay with us

4) 使某人不安 make sb uneasy 发现盒子是空的find the box empty

5) 觉得有必要说出真相feel / find it necessary to tell the truth

6) 使人发疯 drive sb mad/ crazy 祝愿人人无灾无难wish nobody ill

7) 发现她不在家find her out / not in 把某人留下leave sb behind

8) 发现新工作乏味find the new job boring 觉得这本书值得一读think the book worth reading

9) 把门漆成黄色paint the door yellow 发现他是一个令人失望的人find him disappointing

10) 觉得他对我的工作满意find him pleased with my work

Attention :

1).常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：

find/ feel / think / make / get / keep / consider / drive / prove / wish / paint etc.

有时副词也可作宾语补足语。如：

find him away from home / find him out / find him in / find him abroad

2).可用it 形式宾语

feel it necessary to make everything clear

3.非谓语动词作宾补 S + V + O + Object complement ( to do / doing / done )

A.不定式作宾补

常接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind /like sb (not )to do

1) 请他们来帮你ask them to help you 想要我早点儿到want me to come early

2) 盼望我们赢 expect us to win 吩咐仆人们打开窗子order his servants to open the windows

3) 喜欢他的太太穿着漂亮like his wife to dress well 告诉他不要迟到tell him not to come late

注意不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：

hear/ listen to / let / make / have / see / notice / watch / look at / catch sight of / observe ect.

让他写文章 have him write the article 注意到他进来并上了楼梯notice him come in and go upstairs

听见他播放CD hear him put on his CD 觉得房子晃动过 feel the house shake

Attention :

1) 动词原形作宾补，改为被动时，要加to，let 和have不用被动。be made to do / be listened to to do

2)注意一些固定句式中的不定式作主语补足语的时态形式。

He is said to study abroad soon.

He is said to have studied abroad, but I can’t remember which country he studied in .

He is said to be studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in .

Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer .

A .to have invented B .inventing C .to invent D .having invented

B.现在分词作宾补(强调动作正在进行或现在的状态)

1)看见飞船在窗外飞 see a spaceship flying out of the window

2)让我等了很久keep me waiting for long 3)发现他在桌旁工作find him working at the desk

4)闻到某物烧焦了smell sth burning 5)留下我在外面等着leave me waiting outside

6)看见银行在被抢see a bank being robbed

7. 看见雨披挂在门后面see the raincoat hanging behind the door

Summary :

1) 这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send etc.

2) 有些感官动词(see, hear, feel , watch )用动原作宾补表动作的全过程，用现分表示动作正在进行。

注意：有些动词的宾补形式不同，意义不同。如：

get sb to do sth. 让某人去做 get sb laughing/ talking / get the clock going 让某人------起来

(sb)send sb to do sth 派某人去做 (sth ) send sb doing 使某人------

The question sent me thinking deeply. The telephone sent him hurrying home.

C.过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补表示宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：get/ have / make / hear / see / watch / notice etc.其中感官动词表示宾语被动接受某动作，如：get her three sons killed ,notice him knocked down by a car---而使役动词表示使或让某人做某事。如：get the car repaired / have the luggage weighed ---.注意不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。如：She found her wallet gone.

1.) He saw many trees cut (cut )down . They got their village surrounded (surround)with trees.

2.) He left the door unlocked (unlock)when he was away.

3.) They foreigner had to make himself understood (understand) by gestures.

4.) He often kept the door closed (close) when she left the room.

5.) Nobody noticed her wallet cut (cut) open. Don’t let the source of water polluted (polluted).

6.) Just now they saw the old houses pulled (pull) down.

1. 请人理发have one’s hair cut 2. 听人说意大利语 hear Italian spoken

3. 让眼睛闭着keep one’s eyes shut 4. 留下作品未完成 leave one’s works unfinished

5. 让我们得到水的供应 keep us supplied with water 6. 看到计划被执行see the plan carried out

7. 发现他坐在后面/ 他失踪了find him seated at the back / find him lost / missing

8. 使自己被明白 make oneself understood 让这个案件得到调查have the case looked into

9. 尽快把信寄出去have the letter posted as soon as possible

4.介词作宾补，如：

find sb in the hospital/ put one’s books in good order

find the trees in place / place her in a difficult situation / allow her into the room

bring sth under control

5.有时as引导的短语也作宾补

regard him as our best friend / recognize him as the best leader

6.注意介词with 的复合结构(即介词with+宾语+宾语补足语)

with the boy leading the way / with the water covering the surface of the earth

with the surface covered with water / with his son disappointing

with everything he needed bought / with two exams to worry about

with many problems to settle / with time going by

with the production up by 10%

1. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off.

A .to have stolen B .to be stealing C .to steal D .stealing

2. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______ went wrong again.

A .it B .it repaired C .repaired D .to be repaired

3.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A .that B .it C .this D .him

4.With more forests _____________, huge quantities of good soil are being washed away.

A .is being destroyed B .is destroying C .are being destroyed D .being destroyed

5.You should understand the traffic by now. I have had it _______________ often enough.

A .explaining B .to explain C .explain D .explained

6.The flu is believed__________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A .causing B .being caused C .to be caused D .be have caused

7.The students expected ______ to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A .there B .it C .that D .one

8. When he returned years later, he found his hometown _____________completely.

A .to change B .change C .changing D .change

9.Peter wanted his TV ____ , but his wife would rather have it ____________.

A .fixed, thrown B .to be fixed, be thrown C .fixed, throwing D .fixing, throwing

10.With ______leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.

A .falling, burying B .fallen, buried C .fallen, burying D falling, buried

3.高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文) 篇三

1. settle an argument: put an end to an argument解决争端、纠纷

2. send in寄去(处理)

3. set down:○1 write down记下，写下 ○2放下，停车让乘客下车 联想短语：set about doing开始，着手

set out to do着手开始，出发

set off(for)动身，起程(去)

set aside留出，把…置于一旁

set up建立，树立

set back 退步，挫折，阻碍

4. keep track of: keep in touch with与…保持联系 Lose track of 失去联系

5.moustache: 上嘴唇的胡子

beard:下巴上的胡子，络腮胡子

6. draw/reach a conclusion得出结论

7.hire: employ雇佣 fire

8.reach a lengthheightdepthwidth of

长度、高度、深度、宽度(名词)

eg.○1Water was found at a depth of 30meters.

○2They dug down to a depth of 2 meters.

○3It’s about 10meters in depth.

=It’s about 10meters deep.

=It has a depth of 10meter.

9.be suitable for适合，恰当

10.set/hold/break a record

11.stand out显眼，突出，杰出

outstanding(a.)优秀的，杰出的，出色的

12.Impressive as the record is, it fades next…

=Though the record is impressive, it fades...

As引导的让步状语从句，应倒装，把从句中的状语和表语提到as之前，如果从句的表语是名词，则在名词前不加任何冠词。

eg.Child as he is, he has to make a living by himself.=Though he is a child, he has to…

比较：As he is a child, he doesn’t have to worry about life.由于他还是个小孩子……

13.be diagnosed with被诊断为

14.in a row连续几次地

15.lead sb. to do导致、诱使某人做某事

lead to(prep.) sth/doing导致

16.in the first place:○1用于句尾，当初○2用于句首，第一，首先(in the second/third/… place)

17.apply (to sb.) for 申请，请求

18.fascinate深深吸引、迷住 fascinated(a.)入迷的，极感兴趣的

19.burst/break into 突然开始(笑、哭等)

20.concentrate on 集中精力于，聚精会神

21.center/focus on把…当中心,使成为中心

22.sth be familiar to sb.熟悉的

Sb. be familiar with sth.

23.head(v.) (for)前往，朝向

24.have sth to do with和…有关

Unit2

1.take possession of:占有拥有 possess(vt.)

in possession of某人拥有……

in the possession of某物被某人拥有，占有

2.in the name of sb.=in one’s name 以…名义

3.masses of +可数/不可数名词: 大量

4.be rich in含有丰富的…，大量含有

5.dig up挖出，挖掘

6.expect to do期待;预料，预计

7.risk one’s life冒生命危险

8.be equipped with: be armed with用…装备

9.form/lay the foundation(for)(为…)奠定基础

10.puzzle(n.&vt.)谜，使困惑，使迷惑

puzzled(a.)感到困惑的，迷惑的

puzzling(a.)令人困惑的，迷惑的

11. before long：soon不久

long before很久以前

It was not long before+句子 ：不久就…

12.It is well known that…众所周知

13.in exchange for交换

14.develop into发展成为

15.be taken prisoner被俘虏，被关起来

16.make a voyage/journey/trip

go on a voyage/journey/trip

17.be ripe for时机成熟

18.height○1高度○2最高水平，最强点

19.command/order sb. to do 指挥，命令

command/order that sb.(should) do

under one’s command在某人的指挥下

=under the command of sb.

20.set sail (from/for/to)起航

21.excite(vt.)激发，引发，引起

22.response(n.) to(prep.) 回复，回答

respond(vi.) to(prep.)

23.in return (for)作为(对…的)回报，回应

in turn 依次，轮流，逐个

24.建议：suggest doing

suggest that sb.(should) do

表明，暗示：suggest that+真实语气的从句

25.at an altitude of=at a height of在…的高度

26.apart from○1except for除了(排除在外)

○2besides, in addition to除了…还(包括在内)

27.adjust to(prep.)适应

28.be ideal/perfect for完美的，理想的

29.the first(…) to do 第一个做某事的…

30.make an attempt to do试图，尝试

in an attempt to do

31.refer to○1提到，谈及○2指的是○3查阅，参考

32.run out: be used up耗尽，用光

33.arise-arose-arisen(vi.)发生，产生，出现

rise-rose-risen(vi.)上升，升起

raise-raised-raised(vt.)升起，饲养，筹措

34.on/upon (one’s) return/arrival一回来/到达就

35.praise sb. for/as表扬

36.bring up抚养，养育;提出

bring in引进

Unit3

1.make up○1组成 be made up of=consist of由…组成○2弥补○3化妆○4编造，虚构

2.people○1民族，种族。复数为peoples

○2人们，前不加the 单复数

○3人民，前需加the 同形

3.be harmful to(prep.)=be bad for对…有害

do harm (n.)to(prep.)

harm (vt.)sb./sth

4.as a consequence/result(of)因此，作为…的结果

5.have an influence/effect on=

influence/affect(vt.)sb./sth.对…产生影响

6.transform…into/to :change into转换

7.A&B differ (from each other)

=A differs from B不同，相异

=A is different from B

8.break out突然爆发

9.Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia …

现在分词的完成式作状语，状语的动作比谓语动词的动作早.

10. lay(vt.)-laid-laid-laying 放;下蛋

lie(vi.)-lay-lain-lying 躺

lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎

11.feed(…)on喂养，饲养

12.give birth to生孩子，产仔

13.倍数的表达法：

○1Tom is twice as old as Jerry.

○2Tom is twice older than Jerry.

○3Tom is twice the age of Jerry.

○4Tom’s age is twice that of Jerry.复数用those

14.keep out (of)不进入，留在外面，把…关外面

15.round up: gather together使聚集，聚拢

Unit4

1. classify into: group分类 class等级，种类

后缀-fy(vt.)：identify/satisfy/terrify/horrify

2. be born into/to出生于

3. lead/live a cozy life过着舒适的生活

4. have an appetite for: have a strong desire for有强烈的愿望

5. appoint sb. as任命，委任

6. firstly, secondly, thirdly：同first, second, third(用于列举)第一，第二，第三

7. look/watch out (for)当心，留心寻觅

8. on a large scale大规模，大范围

9. from behind his desk幕后

10. involve卷入 be involved in有关联

11. elect sb. (as) sth选举，推举

12. a great deal of+不可数名词。大量

13. at great/vast /little/no expense花费大/小

at one’s expense:paid for by sb.由某人花钱

14. pass away/on(婉辞)去世，亡故

15. name after按…命名

16. in one’s youth在某人年少的时候

17. deserve sth值得，应得，不用进行时

deserve to do sth

18. carry out /conduct/do/ perform an experiment做实验

19. concern(v.)○1涉及○2使担忧

concerning(prep.): about关于，涉及

20. pass on○1转交，传给○2去世

21. consider (to be)+a./n.认为

consider doing考虑

24. year after year年年

4.高考英语语法难点精析 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文) 篇四

陈思秋

掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助，下面列举一些常用的词缀和词根。

一. 常见的前缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称) anhydrousy: (无水的)

dis- dishonest, dislike

in-, ig-, il, im, ir,

incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular

ne-, n-, none, neither, never

non-, nonesense

neg-, neglect

un- unable, unemployment

表示错误的意义

male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment失调

mis-, mistake, mislead

pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience

3) 表示反动作的意思

de-, defend, demodulation(解调)

dis-, disarm, disconnect

un-, unload, uncover

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)

contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)

counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand

2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,

2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)

3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” circumstance, circuit

4) de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend, degrade

5) en-, 表示“在内，进入” encage, enbed(上床)

6) ex-, ec-, es-,表示“外部，外” exit, eclipse, expand, export

7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取)

8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground

9) in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”

inland, invade, inside, import

10) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”

international, interaction, internet

11) intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”

introduce, introduce

12) medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”

Mediterranean, midposition

13) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”

outline, outside, outward

14) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook, overhead, overboard

15) post-, 表示“向后，在后边，次”

posts cript(附言)，

16) pre-, 表示”在前”在前面”

prefix, preface, preposition

17) pro-, 表示“在前，向前”

progress, proceed,

18) sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下”

subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

19) super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”

superficial, surface, superstructure

20) trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”

translate, transform, transoceanic

21) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline, underground, underwater

22) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)

常见的英语构词法简介(2)

3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀

1) ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先”

antecedent, anticipate,

2) ex-, 表示“先，故，旧”

expresident, exhusband

3) fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面”

foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)

4) mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间”

midnight, midsummer

5) post-“表示“在后，后”

postwar,

6) pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先”

preheat, prewar, prehistory

7) pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”

prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)

8) re-, 表示“再一次，重新”

retell, rewrite

4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

1) by-, 表示“副，次要的”

byproduct, bywork(副业)

2) extra-,表示“超越，额外”

extraordinary,

3) hyper- 表示“超过，极度”

hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)

4) out-,表示“超过，过分”

outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)

5) over-，表示“超过，过度，太”

overeat, overdress, oversleep

6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚”

subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)

7) super-, sur- 表示“超过”

supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass

8) under-,表示“低劣，低下”

undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)

9) vice- 表示“副，次”

vicepresident, vicechairman

5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀

1) com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。

connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate

2) syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类”

symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)

6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀

1) al- 表示“完整，完全” alone, almost,

2) over-表示“完全，全” overall, overflow(充满)

3) pan-表示“全，总，万” panentheism(泛神论)，panorama

7. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀

1) a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离，离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain

2) de- 表示“离去，处去” depart, decolour,

3) dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分离，离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)

4) ex-, e-, 表示“离开，分离” expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)

5) for- 表示“离开，脱离” forget, forgive

6) 表示“离开” release, resolve

7) 表示“分离，隔离” separate, seduce, select

8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀

1) dia-,表示“通过，横过” diameter, diagram,

2) per-, pel-, 表示“通，总，遍” perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)

3) trans-, 表示“横过，贯通” transparent, transmit, transport

9. 表示加强意思的前缀

a-, arouse, ashamed

ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着)

常见的英语构词法简介(3)

10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀

be-, befriend,

en-, enslave, enable, enrich

ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)

11. 表示数量关系的前缀

1) 表示“单一”，“一”

mon-, mon-, monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch

uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)

2) 表示“二，两，双”

ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)

bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管)，

twi-, twilight

3) 表示“十” deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals

4) 表示”百，百分子一“

hecto-, hect-, hectometer,

centi-, centimeter

5) 表示”千，千分子一” kilo-, kilometer

6) 表示“万，万分子一”

myria-, myri-, myriametre

mega-, meg-, megabyte

micro-, microvolt (微伏特)

7) 表示”许多，复，多数”

multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表)

poly-, polysyllable,

8) 表示“半，一半”

hemi-, hemisphere

demi-, demiofficial

semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent

pene-, pen-, peninsula

12. 表示特殊意义的前缀

1) arch-, 表示“首位，第一的，主要的” architect, archbishop

2) auto-, 表示“自己，独立，自动” automobile, autobiography

3) bene-, 表示“善，福” benefit

4) eu-, 表示“优，美好” eugenics(优生学)， euphemism

5) male-, mal- 表示“恶，不良” maltreatment, malodor,

6) macro-, 表示“大，宏大” macroscopic(宏观)

7) magni-, 表示“大” magnificent

8) micro-, 表示“微” microscope

13. 表示术语的前缀

1) aud-, 表示“听，声” audience,

2) bio-, 表示“生命，生物” biography(传记)

3) ge-, 表示“地球，大地” geography

4) phon-, 表示“声，音调” phonograph

5) tele-, 表示“远离” television, telephone

常见的英语构词法简介(4)

二. 常见的后缀

1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1) -an, -ain, 表示“……地方的人，精通……的人” American, historian,

2) -al, 表示”具有……职务的人“ principal,

3) -ant,-ent, 表示”……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,

4) -ar, 表示“……的人” scholar, liar, peddler

5) -ard, -art, 表示”做……的人” coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)

6) -arian, 表示“……派别的人， ……主义的人” humanitarian, vegetarian

7) -ary, 表示”从事……的人“ secretary, missionary

8) -ant, 表示”具有……职责的人“ candidate, graduate

9) -ator, 表示”做……的人“ educator, speculator(投机者)

10) -crat, 表示”某种政体，主义的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat

11) -ee, 表示”动作承受者“ employee, examinee

12) -eer, 表示”从事于……人“ engineer, volunteer

13) -er, 表示”从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager

14) -ese, 表示” ……国人，…..地方的人” Japanese, Cantonese

15) -ess, 表示“阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress

16) -eur, 表示”……家” amateur, littérateur

17) -ian, 表示“……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人” Christian, physician(内科医生)， musician

18) -ician, 表示”精通者， ……家，” electrician, magician, technician

19) -icist, 表示“……家， …….者, …….能手” physicist, phoneticist, technicist

20) -ic, 表示”……者，……师“ mechanic, critic

21) -ie, 表示”爱，指小“ dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)

22) -ier, 表示”从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)

23) -ine, ian, 表示“阴性人称” heroine, ballerina

24) -ist, 表示“从事……研究者， 信仰……主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist

25) -ive, 表示“动作者，行为者” native, captive

26) -logist, 表示”……学家，研究者“ biologist, geologist(地质学家)

27) -or, 表示”……者“ author, doctor, operator,

28) -ster, 表示”做…….事情的人” youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster

29) -yer, 表示“ 从事……职业者” lawyer

常见的英语构词法简介(5)

(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义

1) -acy, 表示”性质，状态，境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy

2) -age, 表示”状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称“ courage, storage, marriage

3) -al, a) 表示”事物的动作，过程” refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval

b) 表示具体的事物 manual, signal, editorial, journal

4) -ance, -ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience

5) -ancy, -ency, 表示”性质，状态，行为，过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency,

6) -bility, 表示”动作，性质，状态“ possibility, feasibility,

7) -craft, 表示”工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)

8) -cracy, 表示“统治，支配” bureaucracy, democracy

9) -cy, 表示“性质，状态，职位，级别” bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy

10) -dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom

11) -ery, -ry, 表示“行为，状态，习性” bravery, bribery, rivalry

12) -ety, 表示“性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)

13) -faction, -facture, 表示”作成，……化，作用“ satisfaction, manufacture

14) -hood, 表示”资格，身份, 年纪，状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood

15) -ice, 表示”行为，性质，状态“ notice, justice, service

16) -ine, 表示”带有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, famine

17) -ing, 表示”动作的过程，结果“ building, writing, learning

18) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示”行为的过程，结果，状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

19) -ise, 表示”性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)

20) -ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

21) -ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

22) -ment, 表示”行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

23) -mony, 表示“动作的结果，状态” ceremony, testimony

24) -ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

25) -or, -our, 表示“动作，性质，状态” favor, error,

26) -osity, 表示“动作，状态” curiosity

27) -ship, 表示”情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship

28) -th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

29) -tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)

30) -ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，

31) -y, 表示“行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3) 带有场所，地方的含义

1) -age, 表示”住所，地点“ village, cottage

2) -ary, 表示”住所，场地“ library, granary (谷仓)

3) -ery, ry, 表示”工作场所，饲养所，地点“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)

4) -ory, 表示”工作场所，住处“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory

(4) 带有学术，科技含义

1) -grapy, 表示”……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2) -ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics

3) -ology, 表示“……学……论” biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

4) -nomy, 表示”……学……术“ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

5) -ery, 表示”学科，技术“ chemistry, cookery, machinery

6) -y, 表示”……学，术，法” photography, philosophy

常见的英语构词法简介(6)

(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义

1) -age, baggage, tonnage

2) -dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)

3) -hood, neighbourhood, womanhood

4) -ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)

5) -ure, legislature, judicature

(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义

1) -ant, ent, solvent, constant

2) -al, signal, pictorial(画报)

3) ar, collar, pillar(石柱)

4) - er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker

5) -ery, drapery(绸缎)

6) -ing, clothing, matting,

7) -ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7) 表示“细小”的含义

1) -cle, particle,

2) -cule, molecule(分子)

3) -el, parcel

4) -en, chicken, maiden

5) -et, pocket, ticket

6) -etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)

7) -kin, napkin

8) -ling, duckling,

9) -let, booklet

10) -y, baby, doggy

3. 形容词后缀

(1) 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1) -able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2) -al, natural, additional, educational

3) -an, ane, urban, suburban, republican

4) -ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent

5) -ar, similar, popular, regular

6) -ary, military, voluntary

7) -ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8) -ine, masculine, feminine, marine

9) -ing, moving, touching, daring

10) -ish, foolish, bookish, selfish

11) -ive, active, impressive, decisive

12) -ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13) -il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

常见的英语构词法简介(7)

3. 动词后缀

1) -ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化“ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2) -en, 表示”使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3) -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4) -ish, 表示”使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5) -ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀

1) -ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2) -ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward

3) -ways, always, sideways

4) -wise, otherwise, clockwise