八下unit3全套学案

八下unit3全套学案（4篇）

1.八下unit3全套学案 篇一

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

二.教学目标：

1.谈论过去发生的事情

2.学会讲故事

3.热爱科学、探索科学

三.重点词汇：

UFO, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, land, shirt, while, experience, around, strange, follow, kid, climb, jump, shout, cat, anywhere, happen, accident, plane, modern, kill, murder, bright, playground, bell, close, silence, meaning, earth, hero

四.重点短语：

in front of, get out of, talk on the phone, take off, be surprised, at the train station, run away, in hospital, at the doctor’s, walk around, call one’s name

五.重点句型：

1.What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

I was standing in front of the library.2.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO arrived.3.Where were you when the UFO arrived?

I was in my bedroom.六.语法重点：

1.过去进行时。

2.掌握以when和while引导的时间状语从句。

七.课文重点、难点讲解：

1.What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

I was standing in front of the library.（1）in front of …

在……前面，当……的面

in the front of …

在……的前部

（2）过去进行时：表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或某段时间内一直进行的动作。构成：was / were +

doing。过去进行时的标志词：at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday 等。注意：一些动词，如see，hear, love, like, know, remember, understand, have等感情、知觉和状态的词，一般不用于进行时。

过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完整的动作。

2.I was getting out of the shower.我正洗完澡出来。

“get out”出来，get out of … 从……出来

3.I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed.walk down / along 沿着……走。

land“着陆、下降”，动词。take off“起飞”

e.g.The plane landed safely.4.The girl was shopping when the alien got out.While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.when 与while区分：

（1）“当…的时候”，如后面连接的动词为进行时态，则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。

（2）如果while前后的动词都是进行时态，while可译为“与此同时”

I was reading while my brother was drawing.（3）当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反，while可译为“而”，while更强调并列的对比而非转折。

e.g.I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy.总之，when表示做某种动作的时间或瞬间，由其引导的时间状语的时态如果是一般过去时，其主句通常要用过去进行时。while表示略长的一段时间，由其引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，而主句时态根据实际情况而定。

5.I had a very usual experience on Sunday.experience 可数名词，“经历”。an experience一次经历。

6.I followed it to see where it was going, and I was very surprised when it went into a souvenir shop.（1）follow sb./ sth 跟随某人（某事物），follow及物动词，“跟随”。

（2）be surprise“感到吃惊”，主语为人。

e.g.He gave us a big surprise.We’re surprised to hear the news.That movie has a surprising end.7.Isn’t that amazing!太令人惊叹了！

这是感叹句的一种表达形式。如：Aren’t they perfect!

另外还有用how 和what开头的感叹句。例：What a day I had!

8.I saw a cat in a tree.9.It was really scared.be scared “（某人）给吓坏了，害怕了。”近义短语be afraid / frightened.10.He shouted at me.So I stopped climbing.shout at sb.冲某人大叫，shout sth.大叫某事物（shout his name）

stop doing sth.停止做某事，stop to do sth.停下来去做某事

11.call the police报警

talk on the telephone在电话里交谈

look outside往外看，look outside of 向…的外面看。

12.Beijing was made host to 2008 Olympics.host名词，“主人”；动词，“作东道主”

13.14.Robert Allen is now over 40.over：“超过”

15.The World Trade Centre in New York was destroyed by terrorists.Even the

date has meaning to most Americans.16.His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.around 介词，“围绕，环绕”

last动词，“持续，延续”。

2.八下unit3全套学案 篇二

[【学习目标】

1．知道物质是由分子和原子构成的。

2．能从生活、自然中的一些简单热现象推测分子的热运动。初步认识宏观热现象和分子热运动的联系。

3．初步了解纳米材料的应用和发展前景。【课前准备】

1．我们用钢笔写字，时间久了，要清洗一下，回忆一下，清洗后清水还清吗？这种现象说明了什么？

1.不清，说明分子在永不停息地做运动

2．你常看到妈妈在放衣服的箱子里放樟脑丸防虫蛀。过一段时间后，打开箱子取衣服，就会闻到一股刺激性的气味，造成这种现象的原因是什么？ 2.樟脑丸分子运动到空气分子中去了

3．回家问一下妈妈，煮咸鱼前是不是要在清水里泡一下，问妈妈为什么要这么做？道理在哪里？

3.是 将盐分子运动到水中去，以免咸鱼太咸

4．做一做。将饭盒用橡皮筋系住，用手向上提，然后将饭盒的底部放到刚好和一盆水的水面接触，再慢慢地向上提起饭盒，观察橡皮筋的伸长有何变化，猜想一下，变化的原因是什么？提起饭盒后仔细观察它的下表面，再猜想。4.橡皮筋的伸长变长 水与饭盒之间有了吸引力

5．人们喜爱鲜花不仅是鲜花的美，还有一个重要的原因就是百花的芳香。春天的兰花香，夏天的茉莉花香，秋天的桂花香，冬天的腊梅香，是什么原因让我们感觉到沁人心脾的芳香呢？

5.这是因为这些花都能释放出一些特殊的物质，这些芳香的物质分子运动到空气中去，渐渐向四面八方运动；当人们嗅到含有此物质分子的空气时，这些分子会刺激鼻粘膜上的嗅神经，从而感到香味，这是分子永不停息地运动的结果。

【课堂例题】

例1 下列现象中，能够说明物质的分子在不停地做运动的是

A．打扫除时，教室里有灰尘飞扬 B．水从高处流向低处

C．放在空气中的铁器过一段时间生锈了

D．在一杯白开水中放入白糖，整杯水都有甜味了

分析 A．灰尘飞扬，人眼可见，而分子很小，一般分子直径的数量级仅为10-10m，肉眼是无法看见，说明看见的不是灰尘分子，而是由无数灰尘分子构成的物质；B．水从高处流向低处是由于地球对它的吸引作用；C．铁器生锈是由于铁与潮湿的空气发生了反应；D．白

()

开水中放入白糖，整杯水都有甜味，正说明了白糖分子和水分子均一直在永不停息的运动，彼此进入了对方，所以整杯水变甜了。

解 D 总结 解此类问题的关键是正确的理解分子很小，人眼无法直接观察到，只要人眼能直接看到的就不是分子的运动；分子一直处在永不停息的运动中。

例2 物理老师在课堂上做了一个演示实验，把截面积相同，高度分别为10cm的酒精和水都倒入到横截面积均与原来相同的另一只量筒中其结果是

A．混合后液体高度为20cm B．混合后液体高度小于20cm C．混合后液体高度大于20cm D．以上均不正确

分析 本题应从分子间有空隙去考虑。该实验说明构成物质的分子间存在着空隙，酒精和水混合后，由于酒精分子和水分子彼此进入到对方分子的间隙中去了，因而酒精和水混合后的体积比混合前的总体积要小。

解 B 点拨 本题主要是要知道分子间有间隙，分子在永不停息地做无规则运动，相互接触的两个物体的分子将彼此进入对方的分子间隙中去。

例3 打足气的氢气球，即使用细线将口扎紧，气球也会逐渐变小，这是为什么？ 解 因为一切物体里的分子都在永不停息地做无规则运动，气球里的气体分子能穿过人眼看不见的气球上的空隙运动到球外，所以气球会逐渐变小。

例4 下列关于组成物质的分子的说法中，正确的是

A．所有物质分子之间的吸引力和排斥力总是同时存在 B．所有物质的分子都是规则排列的 C．在0℃所有物质的分子都停止了运动 D．固体分子间只有吸引力没有排斥力

分析 解答本题的关键是正确理解一切物质的分子都在永不停息地做无规则运动，这种运动是不会停止的，与外界温度没有关系。固体中，分子靠得很近，它们有规律地排在一起，每个分子只能围绕某一点振动；液体中，分子间的距离为固体中分子间距离的2倍左右，每个分子可以在一定的范围内运动；气体中，分子离得比较远。分子间的吸引力和排斥力总是同时存在，固体也不例外。

解 A 点拨 物质的分子一直处在永不停息的运动中，固体物质的分子有规律地排在一起，液体、气体物质的分子运动的范围较大，分子间的吸引力和排斥力总是同时存在。

例5 同学们做作业时，常会用透明胶带把错处揭去，但操作时往往要把胶带用力抹一下，使之与纸紧贴，才能揭得干净，为什么？

解 把胶带用力抹一下，使之与纸紧贴，可使分子间隙减小，增大分子间吸引力，从而使作用效果明显。【训练检测】

1．物质是由大量 构成的，分子间有，分子一直处在。2．分子是非常小的，它的直径大约是

（）

A．10-3m B．10-6m C．10-8m D．10-10m

()

()

3．将煤堆放在墙角处一段时间，发现涂在墙角处的白石灰变黑了，这说明了固体物质的分子也是。

4．向装有清水的杯子里滴一滴红墨水，过一会儿整杯水都变成了淡红色，这是因为

（）

A．红墨水在清水中流动 B．红墨水遇到清水会褪色 C．水的无规则运动 D．分子的无规则运动 5．下列说法中错误的是

（）

A．物质是由分子构成的 B．分子是很小的

C．一粒灰尘就是一个分子 D．分子是在永不停息地运动着的 6．下列现象中，不能用来说明分子在永不停息运动的是 B．刚走近饭堂，就能闻到学校食堂饭菜的香味 C．晒衣服时，水蒸发，衣服变干了 D．汽车驶过，公路上扬起灰尘

7．液体和固体中的分子不会飞散开，而保持一定的体积，这是因为分子之间存在着 的缘故，压缩液体和固体很困难，这是因为分子之间还存在着 的缘故。8．春天，人们站在槐树旁能闻到槐花香，这一现象说明了

（）

A．分子的体积变大 B．分子在不断运动 C．分子分裂成原子 D．分子的质量很大 9．下列事例中，能表明分子在永不停息地做无规则运动的是 A．扫地时，灰尘四起 B．花开时，花香满园 C．下雪时，雪花飘飘 D．刮风时，黄沙扑面

10．“破镜不能重圆”是因为将破镜合起来时，镜子断裂处的绝大多数分子间距离，分子间几乎没有 作用。11．固体和液体很难被压缩是因为

（）

A．分子间没有间隙 B．分子间存在着引力

C．分子间存在着斥力 D．分子在不停地做无规则运动

12．两滴水银靠近能自动结合成一大滴水银，说明，水银很难被压缩，说明 ；鸭蛋放入盐水中变咸，说明。

13．纳米技术是指纳米尺度内的科学技术，它是现代科学技术的前沿，纳米是很小的长度单位，1nm= m。一张纸的厚度大约只有0.1mm，就合 nm。[拓展提高] 14． 固体、液体、气体分子间的距离由小到大的顺序是

（）

A．固体、液体、气体 B．气体、液体、固体 C．固体、气体、液体 D．液体、固体、气体 15．在公共场所，一个人抽烟，其他人都会“被动抽烟”，这是因为 A．烟雾密度大向下沉 B．烟雾密度小向上升

C．一个人抽烟，其余人羡慕也会跟着抽烟

D．这个人抽烟，烟雾扩散在空间，空气中含有烟分子，其余人呼吸受到了伤害 16．一根纱线容易拉断，一根铜丝不容易拉断，这一现象说明

（）

A．箱子里放几颗樟脑丸，过几天整个箱子里都充满樟脑味

（）

（）

（）

A．纱线分子间不存在引力，铜丝分子间有引力 B．纱线分子间的引力比铜丝分子间的引力小 C．纱线分子间有斥力，铜丝分子间不存在斥力

D．纱线分子间引力小于斥力，铜丝分子间引力大于斥力 17．为什么用粉笔写字，会在黑板上留下字迹？

训练检测参考答案

1.分子 间隙 永不停息地运动中 2.D 3.一直处在永不停息的运动中 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.吸引力 排斥力 8.B 9.B 10.较大 吸引力 11.C 12.分子间有吸引力 分子间有排斥力 分子一直处在永不停息的运动中 13.10-9

拓展提高参考答案

3.八下unit3全套学案 篇三

1.引导学生复习构成法，以及总结行为动词一般现在时特殊疑问句的用法，巩固SectionA-C所学的关于询问家庭成员，职业，工作场所的表达方式

一 自主学习

1.让学生在规定的时间内独立完成书上Word Formation 与Present Simple,并核对答案

小结：（1.）构词法：

（2.）特殊疑问句的结构：

3.操练活动

(1)达标检测P56 exercise3

(2)补全对话

（3）慧眼识错

He work on a farm. ( )

She don`t like Chinese.( )

Where do Jim work?（ ）

What do she do?（ ）

Sally and Sam doesn`t like English.（ ）

（ 4）大变脸

What do you do?(he)

What does she work?(they)

4.完成Task1

1听录音填空，补全短文

2Listen again,完成课文1

二活动探究

1.通过图片猜测文章标题.

2.完成2b.

3.互帮互助强记忆。

（1.）来自美国（2）十二岁

(3)七班的一名学生 （4）居住在北京

（5）和我们住在一起（6）喜欢和.....一起玩

（7）它的颜色

（8）爱我家

4.以小组为单位，完成下列表格，并汇报答案

Who

Age

Job

workplace

Peter

Father

Mother

Rose

三.能力提升：

My family

四.单元检测：.英汉互译对对碰。

1What does her father do?

2Where does his uncle work?

3What do their parent do?

4Where do they work?

5见到你很高兴.

6你的妈妈是干什么的？

7她是个护士.

8这是我的一张全家福.

（9）哪个男孩是你的好朋友？

（10）穿红衣服的女士是我语文老师。

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4.八下unit3全套学案 篇四

For the use of teachers

I. Words:

1. announcement n. 口头通知 草拟书面通知 draw up a notice

make an announcement发（口头）通知 a TV announcer 电视播音员

announce和declare的辨析：

announce 宣布 固定结构是announce sth. to sb.，不可以是announce sb. sth.；

declare宣布 （如公开声明战争/和平/中立等，较正式的场合），和announce有时可互换。

The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》 The court declared him guilty / innocent.

The teacher announced to us that there would be a celebration for the 80th anniversary of our school.

The super power declared war against that small country in April, .

Everyone was silent as the chairperson announced/declared the results of the Spoken English Contest.

2. advanced 高级的；先进的；发达的 advanced countries/technologies/courses/studies

与时俱进 advance with the times 高级教师 a senior teacher

in advance 提前；预先 同义词组：beforehand ；ahead of time

make great advances 取得较大进步/进展 同义词组：make great/rapid progress in

3. including 用include或contain的正确形式试填下列各空：

This book contains forty maps, including three maps of China.

Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.

He was upset about losing the key to the drawer containing important documents.

In the air crash in Brazil, 197 people died, including the 9 on the ground/the 9 on the ground included.

4. praise n./vt. 表扬；赞扬 praise sb. for sth. 反义词组： blame sb. for sth.； criticize sb. for sth.

sing high praise for 高度赞扬 同义词组： think well/highly of ; speak highly of等

反义词组有：think little/nothing of; speak badly of 等

The leader spoke in praise of the teacher who had given his life for the education cause.

与in praise of 结构相同的短语有：in celebration/need/want/memory/honor/hopes of

5. interfere vi. 干涉；干预；摆弄；妨碍 固定搭配：interfere with sb./sth. interfere in sth.

你曾经因为完乐而妨碍了你的职责吗？Do you ever allow pleasure to interfere with duty?

Who has been interfering with the clock? It has stopped. 是谁摆弄这个钟来着？现在不走了。

请不要干涉我的事情。Don’t interfere in my business. 别妨碍我。Don’t interfere with me.

不干涉他国内政。None interference in the internal affairs of other countries.

在他工作的时候不要打扰他。Don’t /interfere with /bother him when he’s at work.___________ _

6. cure vt. 治疗；治愈 惯用搭配有：cure sb. of a disease 类似结构的短语还有：

rob sb. of sth. 抢走某人某物 cheat sb. of sth. 骗走某人某物 ensure sb of sth. 使某人确信某事

remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事persuade sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事

convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事 短语翻译：患上不治之症 have an incurable disease

他在医院接受了三个月的治疗，但是医生没能治好他的病。（选词造句treat/treatment, cure）

He was treated/received a medical treatment in hospital for three months, but the doctors couldn’t cure his disease. / He received a three-month medical treatment, but…

7. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心 n. 渴望；欲望 试译出下列斜体短语的意思：

He was waiting for his brother’s return with anxiety (= anxiously). 焦虑地

Jackson’s poor performances at school caused his parents great anxiety. (give anxiety to) 使…焦虑

Although his grades are not so satisfactory, he seems to feel no anxiety for his future. 对……不犯愁

The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge. 求知欲

The manager’s anxiety to please his boss turned out to be a failure. 急切讨好老板

be anxious to do /be anxious for sth. 渴望做/获得…… 类似的短语有：hope for/to do;

desire for/to do; long for/to do; die for/to do; have an itch for/to do; be eager for/to do; feel an urge to do

8. desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的； adv. desperately

A desperate look appeared on the face of the patient with a desperate disease.

a desperate cry for help 绝望的呼救声 a desperate criminal 亡命之徒

a desperate situation 令人绝望的处境 feel a desperate urge to tell the truth 急切想说出真相

be desperate for recognition/water 急于得到认可/渴望得到水

9. adopt (vt.) 收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）

adopt measures/ new methods/ an idea 采取措施/ 采用新办法/ 采纳意见

adopt a resolution 通过决议 an adopted son 养子 adopted words 外来词

The medicine was developed adopting the most advanced technique in the world.（适当形式填空）

adopt/adapt辨析： adapt 使适合；使适应 常见结构有： adapt…to…； adapt…for…

She had to adapt herself to the local conditions. 她必须使自己适应当地的情况。

This English novel was adapted for the stage. 这部小说被改编成了剧本。

10. deliver vt. 接生；传递；发表（演讲等） Her baby was delivered by an experienced doctor.

deliver sb. from danger 救某人于危险境地 deliver sth. to sb. 把物品带给某人

deliver a message/ a letter 传话/ 送信 deliver a speech 发表演讲

deliver sb. of a baby be delivered of = give birth to

11. benefit n. 利益；好处； vt.& vi. 有益于

be of benefit to = be beneficial to 对…有裨益 for the benefit of…为了…的利益

It is said Yoga is of great benefit to shaping a fine figure.（用shape的正确形式填空）

The policy will benefit the whole nation. The whole nation will benefit from the policy.

为了学生的身心健康，我们学校周围两公里以内的所有网吧将全部关闭。(for the benefit of)

For the benefit of a healthy body and mind of the students, all the Internet cafés within a distance of

two kilometers around our school will be shut down. （也可为句式平衡调整结构）

12. consequence as a consequence of 因为…；由于… 同义短语有：because of;

as a result of; on account of ; thanks to; due to; owing to等。 adv. consequently

13. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的，难度大的 a challenging task/job

Their team challenged ours C a football match this Saturday afternoon.

A. to play B. playing C. to D. played

机遇与挑战并存。我们要努力把握机遇，勇敢迎接挑战。

Opportunities come hand in hand with challenges. We must strive hard to grasp opportunities and meet

challenges bravely as well.

14. unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的

I’m unfamiliar with many botanical names. = Many botanical names are unfamiliar to me.

His familiarity with French gave me a big surprise. 他的法语如此娴熟让我很吃惊。

II. Phrases:

1. conduct an interview

conduct an experiment 做实验 conduct electricity 导电 conduct an orchestra 指挥乐队

conduct a survey 进行一项调查 conduct sb. around the museum 带某人参观博物馆

conductor 乐队指挥；售票员 interviewer采访者；面试考官 interviewee 被采访者；面试者

a job interview 工作面试 have an interview with sb. 采访某人

2. beyond our imagination

beyond comparison 无可比拟 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力

beyond praise（太好）再怎么赞扬都不过分 beyond (one’s) description 难以形容；无法描述

beyond (one’s) reach 够不着；超出能力外 beyond one’s grasp/capacity力所不及；难以理解

It is beyond argument (There is no doubt) that the earth moves around the sun.

I’m sorry it is beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. （上海高考）

This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average income.

（江苏高考）

-- What do you think of Mountain Lushan? （从上列短语中选择并填空）

-- The scenery is beautiful beyond comparison/ beyond description/beyond praise.

What lies beyond the mountain? / We can travel to the moon or beyond./beyond midnight午夜后

an imaginative writer = a writer full of imagination an imaginary story 想象出来的故事

Can you imagine the poor and miserable life of the Iraqi people ? (伊拉克人民的穷苦生活)?

I can’t imagine such a fat man B C E F up a high mountain like this. （多项选择题）

A. climb B. climbed C. climbing D. to climb E. should climb F. could climb

I just couldn’t imagine such a promising student ____A C F__ a thief. （多项选择题）

3. around the world 全世界范围内；同义短语有：all over the world; in the world ; across the

world; throughout the world; in every part/corner of the world等

4. on (the) one hand…on the other hand… 一方面……；另一方面……

注意：单独使用on the other hand时，hand不能省略，但与on (the) one hand连用时，可省略

On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of the people. On the other hand, it will speed up environmental destruction.

at hand 在手头；近便；临近by hand 手工 in hand 手头上 hand in hand 手拉手

Hands off! 请勿触摸！ Hands up! 举起手来 a green hand 新手 left-handed左撇的

hand in 上交 hand over 交接 hand out 分配；施舍 hand down流传下来；传递

from hand to hand 传递 live from hand to mouth 过着衣食无忧的生活

5. point out 指出 He pointed out my mistake/the importance of self-discipline.

point to/point at 指着，指向某人或某物（两个词组可互换使用）

“Can’t you read by yourself?” she said ______A ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. angrily pointed C. pointed angrily D. to point angrily

point at 对准，瞄准 = aim at They pointed (a gun ) at her head but she was not scared.

point to 表明，指向(主语为证据、时针以及宾语为某一方向时)

The evidence points to him as the criminal. / The hands of the clock pointed to half past three.

The compass needle points to the north.

6. be used to save human lives

豆油过去常被用来点灯。 Soybean oil used to be used to burn a lamp.

你别着急，很快你就会适应这儿的气候和环境的。

Take it easy! You’ll soon get used / accustomed to the climate and surroundings here.

7. be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster

on one’s (the) way to doing sth. “正在……过程中” ；“即将” 同义短语：be on the point of doing

他即将成为一名大学生。 He is on the way to becoming a university student.

I’ve just heard a warning _____A____ the radio that a storm may be ________ its way.

A. on, on B. over, in C. on, above D. from, on

on one’s (the) way to 在去…的路上；即将 by the way 顺便问一下 by way of_途径

in a way在某种意义上，在某种程度上 in this way用这种方式 in one’s (the) way _挡路

8. in early 2003

在19世纪初叶 in the early 19th century 在20世纪80年代晚期_in the late 1980s________

在凌晨时分 in the early morning 在傍晚时候 __in the late afternoon

在初春时节__in the early spring 仲夏夜之梦 a dream at a mid-summer night

在他年近花甲的时候 in his late fifties 在他步入而立之时 in his early thirties

9. in the animal world 动物界 the world of art/sport 艺术/体育界 the film world 电影界

in the world of science = in the field of science 科学界

feel on top of the world 得意洋洋；兴高采烈 a world of surprise = much surprise

10. in general 一般说来，总体看，大体上 Generally, red is the most popular color this season.

in a general way 一般，通常 as a general rule 在一般情况下

11. scientific breakthrough

科学研究scientific research 科学成就 scientific achievement 科学进步 scientific advances

科学发现scientific discoveries 科学发展观 scientific view of development

查词典：breakout 爆发 handover 交接 breakdown故障 makeup 构成

12. consider cloning human beings

(1). 考虑 consider +n./v-ing consider a travel plan/changing a job.

I’m considering where I should go for the National Day holiday. （句型转换）

I’m considering where to go for the National Day holiday.

(2). 认为consider…as/to be/不填…. 翻译：林肯被认为是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。

Lincoln was considered to be/ as/-- one of the greatest presidents in American history.

类似的结构还有: have … as … ; regard … as… ; treat … as… ; think of … as/to be …;

look on … as…; refer to …as …等。

郑和被认为是 “中国的哥伦布”。（refer）Zhen He was referred to as the Chinese Columbus.

Bell was generally considered _____D____ the telephone.

A. to invent B. inventing C. having invented D. to have invented

将上句改写再比较总结：It was generally considered that Bell invented the telephone.

B she’s only a beginner of English, she’s speaking quite well.

A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. to be considered

13. concentrate on 全神贯注 同义短语有：centre on, focus on, concentrate on, fix one’s attention on,

pay attention to, be absorbed/buried/lost/engaged in, be addicted to, devote one’s energy to,

put one’s heart into, apply oneself/one’s mind to

14. with the intention of 以…为目的或意图， “in hopes of ”

He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English and getting a（期望提高英语并且在回国能找到更好的工作。）

without intention 无意地；并非故意地 make one’s intention clear 阐明自己的意图

state/ announce one’s intention 陈述自己的意图

I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did.

15. show no respect for show sympathy for 对……怜悯同情 show mercy on 对……仁慈同情

show around 带领参观 show off _炫耀 _ show up 出现

16. be genetically related to me be related to 与…有关联；与…有联系

Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind?

请列出与中国相关的所有邻国。Please make a list of all the neighboring countries related to China.

It is hard for a child to relate to the life of a scientist. 查词典解释斜体短语的意思： 理解

relation (n.) 关系，联系，家属，亲属 in/with relation to 做后置定语时等同于related to

relative (adj.) 有关系的，相对的；相对而言_relatively speaking (n.) 亲戚，亲属

含义相近的短语结构有：(1) connect A with/to B (2) link A to B (3) associate A with B

17. push ahead with 推进；推进；毅然继续做某事 还可以是：push ahead/ forward/ on with sth.

It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy. 这样不得人心的政策很难推行下去的。

push our way through the crowd 从人群中挤过 push sb. around 摆布

push sb./ sth. over 使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物

I’m not going to be pushed around by you or anybody. 我不想被你或任何人随意摆布

我们必须赶快做完我们的工作。 We must push ahead with our work.

18. focus their efforts on 努力做…… 同义短语：make effort to do sth. / spare no effort to do sth./

go all out to do sth. / do…to one’s strength /do everything (all; what) sb. can to do sth.

19. as well as (1). 和……一样好 Peter plays football, if not better than, as well as Jack.

(2). 短语介词， 连同……；和…… 可以用 together with 或 along with 进行替换。

Mr. Henderson, as well as his children, is fond of watching football matches on TV.（be填空）

Jackie Chan is my favorite film star, because he is diligent, warm-hearted and humorous as well.

(3). may as well… 不妨；不如（表建议语气）

既来之，则安之。 Since/Now you’ve come, you may as well enjoy your stay.

20. end up replacing us end up 以……而告终；落得……下场

We couldn’t get along very well at first, but we ended up as good friends （成为好朋友）.

The young couple quarreled yesterday and the wife ended up crying （大哭起来）.

If you continue to drive at such a speed, you’ll surely end up in hospital （进医院）.

After his years of research, the experiment ended up with failure （失败告终）.

21. one day/some day/ the other day/another day 试填下列各空，可多选。

I’m quite occupied right now, perhaps we can discuss this issue another day .

I’m quite occupied right now, perhaps we can discuss this issue some day next day.

One day , a fairy lady came to the town and promised to dig a well for the locals.

I ran across an old friend of mine in the Times Extra the other day .

I’m confident that I will become something one day/ some day .

22. be delighted to have a mother

be surprised/disappointed/shocked/pleased/frightened/delighted to do sth. （表情绪的形容词）

much to one’s delight/to one’s great delight 令某人十分高兴的是

类似的名词还有：to one’s joy/surprise/disappointment/sorrow/satisfaction/anger/shock等

23. comment on your article comment (n.& vi.) 评论，评注

make (a comment)comments on sb./sth. = comment on/ upon/ about sb./sth. 评论某人（某事）

我们想让观众来评价我们的新剧。We’d like the audience to comment on our new play.

24. be in complete agreement with 完全赞同

come to /arrive at / make /reach an agreement 达成协议 sign an agreement 签署协议

25. after all （置句首，表强调理由）毕竟，终究，别忘了 （置句末，表与前句的转折）

You shouldn’t have scolded the child so strictly. After all, he is just a boy in his teens.

We all thought that he would fail, but he succeeded after all.

外面下着瓢泼大雨，但他们还是去了海边。It’s raining hard outside, but they went to the seaside after all .

26. on a personal note 依我个人之见

in my opinion; from my point of view; as far as I know; as far as I’m concerned

27. come across = run into / run across

come into use 投入使用 come into being 形成；出现 come into power 上台执政

come into sight/view出现 come into effect 生效 come about 发生（强调来龙去脉）

come out开花；出现；出版 come on 加油；得了吧（表反驳） come up with 想出（主意；办法）

不要每次阅读时一碰到生词就查词典。It’s better not to look it up in the dictionary each time you come

across a new word while reading.

When it comes to helping his mother with housework, Jack never grumbles.

试译上句，注意斜体部分的用法和意思，并从《学英语》报第四期第一版找出该结构的语句填写在此行：I forgot the time when it comes to leaning. （出自The power of knowledge 第三段第一句）

28. strict laws should be put in place 严格的法规应该施行

put … in place 实施；执行= put …into practice /effect; bring …into practice/effect; carry out

put up 张贴；举起；支起 put down 放下；镇压 put forward 提出（理论）

put out 扑灭 put off 延期；推迟 put away 收起来

put aside 放在一边 put the blame on 责备某人；把责任归咎某人

29. introduce tighter laws

Is Mr. Smith here? Will he stand up and make himself introduced to us? （introduce）

When first B to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （2004全国高考）

A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced

30. be made up of many small parts

The committee is made up of five members. =The committee consists of five members.

Girls make up one third of the whole class. / I won’t listen to you. You are making up a story.

Matthew was sick last week and now he is trying to make up for the missing lessons.

31. compare your body to your school life 将你的身体比作学校生活

表示“比较”，结构为compare…with/to… 表示“比作”，结构为compare…to…

When C different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without

noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江高考）

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

D with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2004湖北高考） A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared

Shall I compare thee to a hot summer day? 我可否把你比作火辣辣的夏日

莎士比亚曾把人生比作大舞台。 Shakespeare compared life to a big stage.

32. the life you lead at school lead a rich/happy/miserable/simple life 过着…样的生活，也可用live

III. Important sentences:

1. I look just like my brother, that’s because I am a clone.

①---What is Tom like? ---He is handsome and kind.

②---What does Tom look like? ---He is handsome, just like Beckham.

③---How does Tom like the film? (=What does Tom think of/like about the film?) ---Interesting!

The reason why Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy was that his grades were too low.

_Why Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy was ___because his grades were too low.

Steven Spielberg’s grades were too low. That was __why he couldn’t enter a film academy.

Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy. That was _ because his grades were too low.

2. While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already

pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.

While I show pity on the the victims in the southeastern Asian hurricane, I can’t help them but to give away my pocket money.

One of my good friends is going to stay in my house for a few days while I’m away on holiday.

Many people are wasting food while many others are suffering from starvation.

Johnson has many good friends while I have none.

I do every bit of housework _while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. （04广西）

We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, __while , in fact, there were 40.（06全国高考）

3. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.

Mr. Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to travel into space.

The Maori people were the first to settle in New Zealand.

Christine is a diligent student and she is always the first to come and the last to leave.

4. After this comes the heart. 完全倒装句

在两座花园之间坐落着的是我们的教学楼。Between the two gardens stands our teaching building.

农舍的门口坐着一个小男孩。 In front of the farm house sat a little boy.

小偷夺门而逃。_Out rushed the thief. 鸟儿飞走了。_ Away flew the bird.

巴士来了。 Here comes the bus. 他来了。 Here he comes.

Unit 3 Science versus nature (Part II)

I. Words:

1. trap n. 陷阱；圈套 vt. 使……受困 捕鼠器 a mouse-trap

fall into a trap _掉入陷阱；落入圈套 set a trap for sb. 为某人设圈套

be trapped in 受困于 同义短语有：be caught in; be stuck in

困电梯中be trapped/caught in the elevator遭雨 be caught in the rain身陷泥沼 be stuck in the mud/bog

2. prove vt.&vi. 证明；证明是；结果是

Benjamin Franklin’s experiment proved to be a great scientific breakthrough. (= turn out to be )

Benjamin Franklin just wanted to prove that thunderstorm is caused by…

It has been proven that he is guilty. / He has proven himself (to be) an efficient employee.

The suspect was released due to a lack of sufficient ___proof (词形变化：prove )

3. otherwise 试解释下列三句中斜体单词的含义。

Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you shall get punished.

The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. （短语解释： on the other hand ）

He should have been working now, but he is otherwise occupied.（短语解释：in a different/another way）

4. behave vt.& vi. 行为；举止 n. behavior

The mother felt ashamed because the child behaved so badly at the dinner party.

Behave yourself! 放规矩点；放礼貌点 a well-behaved gentleman 举止得体的绅士

5. cautious adj. 小心谨慎的 常用结构是：be cautious about/of …

花钱仔细 be cautious of/about spending money 提防陌生人 be cautious of strangers

在白水漂流的时候，千万要当心不要触礁。

While going rafting, do be cautious not to hit rocks. _______________________________

On rainy days at the entrance to the office building, there will be a sign _reading “Caution: Wet

floor”. (用read正确形式填空)

6. alternative n.& adj. 可替换之物；可选择之物；可替换的；可选择的

Plastic containers are cheaper alternatives to the metal ones in the old days.

你的提议没有变通的余地了吗？__Is there no alternative to what you propose/your proposal.

You have the alternative of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being

unsuccessful.（此处等同于choice）

7. involve vt. 使……卷入；包含

The man is under arrest because he has got involved in a bribery scandal.（时态语态填空题）

Nurse is a job involving great patience. （用短语解释 calling for ）

你最好不要让自己卷入这场纷争当中去。You’d better not get yourself involved in the dispute.

He was involved in working out a plan. 他正全心全意地制订计划。

8. representative n. 代表 vt. represent 注意与stand for 的区别

The representatives from the two companies are having a negotiation over the damage caused by

an accident of ship sinking.

The letters UNESCO _stand for the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization.

UNESCO __stands for the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization.

Tian Liang and Hu Jia _ represented China to compete in the World Diving Championship.

9. advocate n.& vt. 倡导者；倡导 He advocates lengthening the time of evening classes.

an advocate for the civil rights 民权的拥护者

我们的总理主张提高教师的工资。Our premier advocated raising teachers’ payment.

10. conclude vt.&vi. 结束 = put an end to; come to an end n. 结论 _conclusion

He concluded his speech by wishing us a happy new year.

第十届全运会在国歌声中落下帷幕。The 10th National Games concluded in the National Anthem

得出结论 come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion

to conclude 总而言之 同义短语有：to sum up; all in all; to be brief/briefly; in a/one word等

11. urge n.& vt. 催促；敦促 最常见搭配：urge sb. to do sth.

urge a horse on/onward 策马而驰 have/feel an urge /no urge to travel 渴望去旅行/不想去旅行

妈妈催我早点上床休息。___Mum urged me to go to bed early.

12. seek vt.& vi. 寻求；找寻 job-seeking 求职 look for; hunt for; search …for…

seek shelter from the rain ___寻找避雨之处 seek help/advice/ a chance 求助/征求意见/寻找机会

13. argue argue with sb. about/over sth. argue against/for 为支持/反对…而据理力争

Medical specialists are arguing about the cause of SARS.

The National Day holiday is around the corner, the students are arguing for a 7-day off.

They argued against the use of death penalty on murderers.

It is beyond argument that… ……是无可争辩的

II. Phrases:

1. on your part 对你来说 = as for you/ as to you

The agreement has been kept on my part, but not on his. 我遵守了协议， 而他没有。

2. burn out 烧光 burn down 烧毁 burn up the garden rubbish 焚毁花园里的垃圾（有目的地清除）

他最终赶到时，只发现自己的房子烧毁了，所有的家具都已荡然无存。（选词组造句）

He arrived at last only to find his houses had been burnt down and all the furniture burnt out.

或者是only to find (that) his house had burnt down and that all the furniture had been burnt out

或者是only to find his house burnt down and all the furniture burnt out.

3. take turns to ask and answer the questions

take turns to do/doing sth. 轮流做某事 = do sth. in turn/by turns

On the trip back home, we took turns driving/to drive the car. …we drove in turn/by turns.

turn down 拒绝；调小/低 turn out 结果是；生产 turn over 侧翻；翻身 turn up 调高/大；出现

4. with reference to 参照；参考 参考书：reference books

You’ll get paid with reference to the regulations concerned. _将按有关规定付给你报酬。

5. follow in their footsteps 跟风做……；学……做…… 用follow的正确形式填空。

Some film stars dye their hairs brown, which leads to many teenagers following in their footsteps.

6. the majority of people minority n. 少数

The/A majority of children like the food in KFC. / The majority is /are against the plan.

7. end this immoral practice immediately 立即结束这种不道德的做法。 practice n. 做法

（全国高考试题阅读理解A篇）Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said that the

practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets.

8. donate a lot to the hungry people donate vt. 捐赠 n. donation

donate…to… 捐赠 同义短语：devote…to… ; give away…to…; contribute…to…

9. for a long time

in ancient times 在古代 in modern times 在现代 in Shakespeare’s time 在莎士比亚时代

at the same time 同时 during the wartime 在战争时期 at no time =by no means 决不

once upon a time 从前 How time flies! 光阴似箭， in times of peace

in no time _立刻；马上__ (right away; at once; immediately)

at times 时而不时地 (from time to time; now and then; sometimes; occasionally)

Don’t speak at a time. At one time (= in the past), he came to my house every day.

It’s the first time that I have been (be) in Shanghai.

It’s time for you to go to school now. = It’s time that you went to school now.

当我第一次坐飞机旅行时，我感觉到有点头晕。

When I traveled by plane _for the first time , I felt a little bit dizzy.

The first time I traveled by plane, I felt a little bit dizzy.

10. natural resources 自然资源

自然灾害 natural disasters 违背自然 go against nature 自然公园_ a nature park

11. in favor of 支持；赞成 I am in favor of stopping work right now.

Most people were not as much in favor of the new regulation as was previously thought/expected.

do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 win the favor of the king 赢得君王的恩宠

12. meet our own needs 满足我们的需要 satisfy/meet one’s need/desire

13. at a fast rate 以较快的速率 the interest rate 利率

Maglev train can run at an amazing speed of 420 km/h.

In order to return for the Spring Festival early, the young man sold the beef at a low price.

14. be blamed for blame sb. for sth. 因……责备…… He was blamed for breaking the glass.

你该对这个被宠坏的孩子负责。 You are to blame for the spoiled child.

15. leave a lasting impression leave/make a …impression on 给……留下……印象

What impressed you most when you traveled around Hangzhou?

The West Lake left a deep impression on my mind with its special charm.

III. Important sentences:

1. He must have been working too hard to notice.

must用于对现在或过去的情况进行推测，语气比较强烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否

定句和疑问句中的替代词是can.

be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, don’t you ?

（一般现在时） You must be tired, aren’t you ?

You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, aren’t you ?

must be doing

（现在） （现在进行时） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing

lessons, isn’t he ?

have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,

（现在完成时） hasn’t he ?

have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip, weren’t you ?

或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, didn’t it _?

（一般过去时）

must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get through.

（过去） （过去进行时） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.

have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

（过去完成时， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before, hadn’t it ?

同一般过去时）

He B the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.

A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended

C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended

How ___C___he have finished such heavy work within one day?

A. must B. should C. could D. need

2. The very genes that make crops resistant to pests and disease could be harmful to animals.

be resistant to… 对……有抵制力/抵抗力 resist the temptation 抵制诱惑

由于农民一直向田里喷洒农药导致一些害虫对农药具有强抗药性。

Farmers have been spraying pesticide and some pests in the field are now strongly resistant to it.

对……有好处： be good for; be beneficial to; do good to…; do… much good

对……有害处： be bad for; be harmful to; do harm to…; do… great harm; cause/do damage to

3. research has been limited to increasing profits, rather than ensuring safety./Many developed

nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.

rather than; more than; other than;

Media do more than just record what happens at home and aboard.

The farmer decided to sell his tomatoes at a low price rather than carry them back home.

In no countries_other than Britain does the weather change so sharply within a day.

I have no desire other than to live a quite life, free from pressure.

4. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. （翻译该句）当not和each; every;

both; all连用时表示部分否定。若表示两者的全部否定用neither; 三者或以上用none.

Everything that is best for nature is not good for people. 并非对自然有益的一切事情对人类都是好的

发光的并非都是金子。Not all that glitters is gold. / All that glitters is not gold.

5. We are moving towards an important point of understanding in our relationship with nature.

There didn’t seem much point in working on my PhD - I didn’t expect to survive that long.

攻读博士学位对我（霍金）似乎没什么意义了，我没有期望活那么久。

He was on the point of leaving the office ____A_____ the telephone rang. A. when B. while C. as D. for

a case in point 适当的例子 keep to the point 切题