to：啊颖作文

to：啊颖作文（精选5篇）

1.to：啊颖作文 篇一

摘 要:本文根据作者在2009年7月23日“图书馆个性化知识服务研究与实践”学术研讨会的发言整理。作者认为,图书馆生存的价值取决于图书馆员的社会贡献,而图书馆员的社会贡献应通过丰富多样的个性化服务体现出来。图书馆员要发扬甘为人梯、敢为人先的职业精神,以卓越的专业技能和独特的社会贡献赢得职业的荣誉与尊严。

中图分类号:G250文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-1588(2009)04-0002-02

进入21世纪,新技术日新月异,层出不穷,对图书馆发展影响相当大。我认为,图书馆发展的技术路线图在本世纪初就已经基本确定了,即由领域特定的封闭路线向基于xml的开放路线发展,这一模式将引领图书馆一段时间的技术发展。前阶段写了一篇关于图书馆学的反思,主要是强调图书馆学是有边界的,要以关注和发展图书馆事业为己任,不要走得太远。这里将围绕对图书馆发展的反思谈一些不成熟的想法。

我们最近一直在讨论图书馆的公益性问题。现在国力增强了,国家给图书馆的投入也相应增加了,这是值得称颂的大好事。但是,我们需要居安思危。

图书馆为什么属于公共产品?国外发达国家为什么近年来相继出现关闭图书馆或减少对图书馆投入的趋势?这些问题不仅与我国图书馆发展的走势有关,而且与图书馆职业的命运有关。

公共图书馆作为公共产品的历史不长,至今不过一百五十年的历史。当时为了配合通俗教育运动,西方政府把公共图书馆划入公共产品的范畴,有点像义务教育,作为一种制度设计,由政府买单向公众提供免费的公共图书馆服务,并且大多数国家都将此以法的形式确定了下来。当然这是指公共图书馆。后来,其他图书馆也向此靠拢,力争为公众提供免费服务。很多国家图书馆、研究图书馆也放下姿态为大众提供免费的公益性服务。公益性服务成为引领和影响各类图书馆发展的最大公约数。

今天我们已经进入了一个高度信息化的时代。记录人类文明的载体由手稿和印刷型扩展到数字和多媒体型,图书馆服务的对象由来馆的读者扩展到所有与设置母体有关的利益相关者,图书馆服务的功能由收藏和教育,扩展到情报服务和娱乐服务等,图书馆服务的方式也由一般借阅业务扩展到参考服务、商业咨询和内容开发,也就是说图书馆不再仅仅是一个看书的地方,其大量业务已经超越了以大众教育为宗旨的公益性服务的范畴。

如果说传统的阅览室是公共图书馆的话,那么现在流行的信息共享空间是公共图书馆吗?如果说为广大公众提供信息是公共图书馆职责的话,那么为企业家、经营者提供咨询是公共图书馆的职责吗?当企业家、甚至信息掮客也成为图书馆的常客,利用图书馆从事商业性活动的时候,政府是否应该为这些群体提供作为公共产品的免费服务呢?

正因为如此,西方不少国家开始重新认识图书馆。由于图书馆功能的扩展和运行成本的提高,各国政府开始感受到越来越大的财政压力。我比较关心日本这个东方制度的国家,在那里已经有三分之一的公共图书馆已经由企业家来运营了。图书馆法经过多次修改,有关管理制度和图书馆专业制度的很多提法都发生了重大变化。我相信,随着我国教育、卫生体系等公民基本服务保障体系愈加完善,财政需求不断增加,早晚会面临与发达国家同样的问题的。

图书馆作为公共产品的历史相对于数千年图书馆的发展总体上很短。2009年国际图联大会在意大利米兰举行。在意大利,图书馆首先是作为文化遗产机构存在,所有图书馆在行政上都归文化环境部管。其评价标准并不在于利用率有多高,读者有多少,而在于文献是否齐全,文献是否珍贵。你能说它不合时代潮流吗?假如从开放服务的角度来看,那是很不够格的。但是意大利的做法值得我们深思。我认为,图书馆依然应该以收藏各类人类文明记录为己任。以前只有手稿和印刷型资料,我们还能应付,现在有这么多各类载体以及网上的资料,这些工作应该由谁来承担呢?如果光是由图书馆来承担的话,那么这些资源是收不胜收的,如果由图书馆和其他利益相关者来分担的话,那么其他利益相关者是否也是在提供公共产品呢?

我们现在很难马上在这个问题上得出结论,国内外都在探索。但至少我认为,不要把所有的图书馆都看作是公共图书馆,也不要把公共图书馆的服务模式套用到所有的图书馆上。前者将导致图书馆的同一化,后者将导致图书馆员核心竞争能力的削弱。最后每个图书馆都成为只能应付眼前需求的通俗图书馆。

接下来,我就要讲到与这次论坛有关的问题了。我们要做好最基本的图书馆公益性服务,我们要捍卫好不容易确立下来的图书馆公益性制度,这都是毫无疑问的。但是,这些年来图书馆业务向深度拓展,向广度延伸,图书馆员不仅参与内容开发,而且参与咨询研究,在整个信息服务业务链中扮演主角,图书馆员的社会地位和影响力随之迅速上升。我想没有人愿意再退回到从前了。历史上图书馆员曾丧失过一次机会。一开始,图书馆员不仅承担了保存记录的职能,而且扮演了史官的角色,这些掌管文献的都属于知识阶层。后来,史官从图书馆分离了出来,图书馆就成为专事收藏的机构了。今天,图书馆以及图书馆员的社会地位提高了,走向了社会,增强了在社会中的话语权,难道我们还要再丧失一次机会吗?

我认为这次组织以图书馆个性化知识服务研究与实践为主题的论坛是很有意义的。

我经常拿图书馆员与律师和医生作比较,同样是专业人员,为什么律师和医生社会地位更高呢?那是因为他们不像图书馆员那样,离开了图书馆就发挥不了作用了,更重要的是,他们不像图书馆员那样,不善于解决用户的个性化问题。律师能解决客户的个别问题,医生能解决患者的个别问题,而图书馆员就缺乏这方面的能力。因此,要提高图书馆员的地位,就要在个性化服务上下功夫。

首先要充分利用现有的网络和信息工具,开发个性化的知识服务。所谓知识服务就是经过加工、分析和整合的、有针对性的信息服务。现在很多网络信息工具都是开放和互动的,能直接为我所用的,比如web2.0等。虽然大部分都是网络工程师开发并在网上广泛应用的,但已经有不少图书馆将这些工具为我所用,深度挖掘各类专题信息,而且与用户互动,直接回应用户的个性化需求。最近兴起的云计算等新技术给予我们不少启示,图书馆能否充分利用这种共享运算和资源的机制来实现各馆之间平等互惠的资源共享呢?

其次,要大力开发图情品牌的技术服务。以前图书情报机构开发了不少二次服务类的形式,深受广大读者的欢迎,现在自己开发的不多了。其实图书馆面临的课题很多,比如知识本体系统,现在实用化的很少,比如智能化专题推送服务,即数据库自动地根据用户的个性化要求传递信息,等等。元数据管理思想曾经是图书馆界对社会的一种贡献,我们还能为社会贡献什么呢?当时以杜威十进分类法为代表的现代分类体系的出现就是对社会的一种贡献。应该说老祖宗赐予我们的老本还没有享用完。现在各企业都需要开展知识管理和竞争情报活动,我们能否为企业开发一些情报分析工具呢?总之,我认为,在智能化信息服务方面,图书情报机构有着自己独特的优势。

第三,要积极创新多样化的图书情报服务。在确保图书馆公益性服务的同时,我们要大力开发多样化、个性化的服务手段。图书馆面临的课题很多,有一般的和项目化的信息咨询服务、信息定制服务、科技评估服务等,还有面向专门读者群体的服务,如面向外国人或少数民族的多元语言服务,还有面向其他利益相关者的如金融、航运等的专题服务。图书馆服务要与时俱进,图书馆员的专业能力也要不断更新。

2.to：啊颖作文 篇二

只是这次，似乎是东方(或者说是中国)模式占了上风，一向自信的美国人也开始反思起自己的教育来。美国总统奥巴马在去年底发表国情咨文时，不是号召美国人民反省是不是对孩子的教育施加的压力不够吗?不是号召关国人向中国人学习吗?

蔡美儿自称是“中国妈妈”的代表，她父母是来自菲律宾的第一代华人移民，是有成就的专业人士，她们姐妹三个生长在美国，从小被父母严格训练，都很有成就。她非常感激父母对自己的严格要求，并在自己有了孩子之后，也对自己的两个女儿施行了同样严格的教育手段。美国孩子看来正常的娱乐和活动，在她的家里不被允许。她不允许两个女儿在外面过夜，不允许参加玩伴聚会，不允许选择自己喜欢的课外活动。为了让学钢琴的女儿学会某项弹奏技巧，而强迫她坐在钢琴前，不能喝水、吃饭、上厕所，甚至骂她们是垃圾!

很多来自中国大陆的华人妈妈都不赞成蔡美儿的教育方式和手段，认为她在给中国妈妈抹黑，让西方人认为中国妈妈都这么不通情理，用近乎虐待的方式培养孩子，给“中国妈妈”贴了一个坏的标签。她们质疑，在美国出生、长大的移民第二代蔡美儿能否代表中国文化?

To be(a Chinese mother)，or not to be(a Chinese mother)?蔡美儿是不是一个中国妈妈?她的育儿方式是不是中国方式?她能否代表中国文化?从家庭背景上来说，她生长于一个重视传承中国文化的华人移民家庭，在家里仍然是和父母讲闽南话。她的有一半犹太血统两个女儿(她们的爸爸是犹太裔美国人)在她的教育下，也能说一口流利的中文。

在蔡美儿身上，我看到了典型的中国父母的影子，“可怜天下父母心”这句话也适合放在她的身上。蔡美儿为两个女儿制定好人生发展的规划，为她们挑选学习钢琴、小提琴的老师，在女儿跟老师学琴时，她全程陪同，并作下详细的教学记录……当女儿索菲娅在卡内基音乐圣殿演出成功后，在围着庆贺的人群中寻找她时，这位严厉的妈妈眼里含着泪花，远远地退到了人群之外。

3.to：啊颖作文 篇三

Language is the means by which people communicate with each other. Nowadays English， as a language， is more popular than any other language， and more widely used by people throughout the world. We regard English as a common language in our daily life， wherever or whenever we maybe use it in order to improve friendship or get to know people and something well. It is related to various aspects in society. David Crystal said， “English is now so widely established that it can no longer thought of as “owned by any single nation.”（Crystal 1997：21）. As an English teacher， I feel that it is a great responsibility to teach students English well. But it is very difficult to be good at English， English teachers must be patient to help students interest in English. Otherwise， it will be late when we find that students have no interest in learning English.

Einstain said， “Interest is the best teacher.” Yang Zhengning， who ever won the Noble Prize， also said， “The secret of the success is interest.”Interest is very important to study. People can do everything better if they are interested in it， and at that time， their thinking is very active， if they face various difficulties， they will do their best to try out different ways to solve the problems. They can also ask the teachers、the students or someone else for help or search the books. They must be happy when they success. During the process， a kind of good habit in studying has been formed， and it can courage them to learn further. Now we know the vital status of interest in learning English， and we also know most of time that the teachers and the students can get together is in class. So how to deal with the process of teaching to motivate students to learn English， will become the most task for English teachers.

The importance of the process of teaching

As English isnt our native language in China. We cant usually speak English in some conditions at all， and there is no environment to practise English. In our town， we hardly ever meet a foreigner， we have no chances to communicate with other people in English. Sometimes we also speak English， but they are only some simple greeting words like “Hello， Hi and Bye-bye”in our daily life. But English as a vital subject， and most of English knowledge that students acquired comes from the class， the class is the major teaching form in China. So the process of teaching is quite important. During the process of teaching， English teachers should supply the students a good environment， let the students listen、say、read and write more， using all kinds of teaching methods. The teacher must catch such favourable chance to motivate students to learn English， and should often indicate them， the final aim of language is to use. Then some ways will be shown here.

Listening materials

Listening material is a very important part in English learning. We often emphasize four learning skills：listening、 saying、reading and writing. Listening lies in front， it is an important principle to learn language. Mostly， we get the knowledge through listening， first we hear it， second we can say and master it after practicing it. There are many kinds of listening materials， such as， a piece of new、a chant、a poet and so on.

Showing materials

Chinese ancient great educationist， Confucius said，"Its better to like than know， enjoy than like.”Interest is the most active and positive factor in learning， and is also the basic internal motive power.To junior students， when they begin to study English， maybe they feel it interesting， but a bit hard， at this time， showing things directly can get rid of their afraid feeling. For example， twenty-six letters、traffic means of transport、fruit、school things and so on. Students know those things well. At this time， we show pictures about them， and they can think English is easy and interesting. I can learn it well if I do as the teacher does.

Making up stories

Everyone likes listening to the stories， especially the children. So it is one of the best ways to improve students interest. The teacher can change the new words、the new drills and the grammar into a story， it may be humor、strange、happy、sad or moving， no matter what it is， the story should supply them thought and moral character education， and they should be helpful to the students. The students learn not only the knowledge from the book but also some ways about how to live in society.

Asking questions

Questions must be the first step in getting knowledge， just the ancient people thought， “ Thinking is the most important in learning，but thinking comes from questions， finally the result. We cant catch it well until the result appears.” Thinking and question exist in the same thing， and they will be never divided. So asking appropriate questions can guide the students to be eager to know the result， then they will pay more attention to solve the questions. The approach is suitable for learners in different ages， so the teacher should provide some good questions about the text to motivate students desire of getting the knowledge.

Playing roles

The development of the self-consciousness is an important character for the junior students development on personality， they usually think they have grown up， they like expressing their own opinions on all kinds of things， they wish to be respected by other people. So the teacher should understand it and provide enough chance for them to show them.

Using the poems、songs、films and rhymes

Ways of the poems、songs and rhymes. I talk about one example of songs. Singing songs can give people pleasant feeling. Everyone likes singing and watching films， we always do one of them to relax us when we are very tired， at the same time we can learn more， I think its one of the ways to motivate the students interest.

However as we know that we cant get all the knowledge only in class， but we can organize some extracurricular activities.

English corner

English corner is the best way to learn English， the students can practise the conversations learned in classes. As we know， we cant express ourselves better until we speak more， the students communicate with each other in English from the simple sentences to the difficult sentences in the environment like that. When they cant do it， they can learn from the others at once. As in the school， sometimes the teacher may assign them a certain oral training material according to the students and the textbook every time， from one circumstance to another circumstance， gradually they can use more tenses and more drills， then the short passages， even the long passages， after a long time， the students can speak English more fluently than before， later they will be interested in speaking English， and usually like to express their meaning in English. It is a good way to learn English. They can understand how to learn English？ Now where are their shortages and how are they going to change them？ The clear learning consciousness will improve the quality of the teaching.

Various matches

The junior students are not easy to give up anything when they are in trouble， but not willing to be defeated by the others willingly and gladly， above are their the most obvious characters. So it is the second important and necessary way to learn English. On the one hand， The students can get more chances to practise the knowledge learned in classes， on the other hand， the ways of the matches are richer and more interesting， I often use the following ways to organize the activities： 1. English handwriting.2. reciting words and texts in limited times. 3.writing down the usages of the grammars.4. Holding the relay race about the words of the same category. 5. Playing short English essays. 6. English speeches. 7. Games and so on.

Furthermore， those activities should be insisted on in a certain time， I think it is held once a week at least. If we can do like those， we will motivate the students interest in learning English truly.

Conclusion：

4.to：啊颖作文 篇四

The score of Xiaoming’s college entrance examination was not as satisfying as expected and it could only offer him a vocational institute instead of college according to the cut-off line. Thus, the families’ attitudes differ a lot on the issue of choosing a suitable college. Xiaoming’s father, who is a typical traditional and strict Chinese father, dreamed of sending him to a good university, at least a qualified junior college. He suggested Xiaoming to restudy for a year to enter a good university. Holding the opposite attitude, his mother didn’t want her son to be too stressful under such high pressure. In her mind, entering a junior college is unsatisfied but at least acceptable.

XIaoming’s uncle, who strongly recommended him to go to a vocational college of civil aviation so that he could be expertise in a certain major, which would offer him a certain job in an airport or airline company after graduation. But his parents hold the different thoughts. Firstly, the quality of non-publicly funded vocational institutes is not as reliable as colleges, and this kind of college limit the occupation choice. Under such disagreement between Xiaoming’s families, he felt lost and confused to decide whether he is suitable for vocational college.

那天，小明默默地走回自己的房间，关上门，坐在书桌前发呆，门外隐约还传来家人们的争论声。他觉得很尴尬，因为自己的上学问题成为了家人这几天唯一的议题，而且目前尚未有决定。说实话，当时小明自己也不知道该选择哪条路。

高考成绩刚出来，小明的分数并不是十分如意，按照分数线来看，他可能仅仅能上一所不太好的大专院校而已。家里人在小明择校问题上产生了巨大的分歧。小明的父亲是一个典型的中国严父，他希望孩子能考上一所好的学校，哪怕就是大专，也要考上好点的大专，或者再努努力，上个二类本科也好，他问小明是否愿意再努力一年，再考一次。小明的母亲心疼孩子的备考压力，尽管她也认为大学一定要上，但她觉得反正都是大学，差一点的大专也没关系，毕竟复读之路太艰苦。小明的大伯在这件事上一直坚持让小明去报一所民航类的高职院校，将来毕业了，也有一门专业在手，可以去机场或者航空公司就职。但小明父母却不太乐意让孩子报考这类学校，他们觉得首先民办院校不靠谱，其次，这样的专业性院校会限制孩子以后的就业选择。小明家族成员渐渐地变成两派，一派支持就读这类专业性较强的学校，另一派则提出反对。小明自己也不知道自己是否适合就读这类专业性较强的学校。

Actually, this kind of disagreement between families has occurred once after Xiaoming’s high school entrance exam. Though his score was not good enough to enter a good senior high school, his family spent some sponsorship fee and managed him to enter one. Some of his fellow friends who hadn’t reach a satisfying achievement turned to go to vocational college instead of junior high school.

Xiaodong, one of Xiaoming’s neighbors, chose to study western-food cooking in a well-known vocational college. It is acknowledged that most of the graduates of this major have a promising career future. This college is recommended by one of Xiaodong’s remote relatives, who works in a famous hotel in Shanghai as the chief of western food. Just as similar as the situation, Xiaoming’s uncle wishes he go to the vocational college of civil aviation to have a good job. Considering all the factors, Xiaoming’s mother tends to stand by his uncle’s side and prefer the vocational college. However, his father, strongly show his objection toward it, he thinks it’s too risky to escape from high school education and vocational high school limits further career development, which means one has no other choices after graduation.

Finally, Xiaoming obeyed the will of his father’s and attended a junior college majoring in computer. Nevertheless, he didn’t like the major and was not performing outstandingly on his major, so after graduation, he was not engaged himself in computer-relevant job after all. Later, he took a training class to learn baking and went to be a patissier for a cake shop. Sometimes, Xiaoming asks himself, what it would be like if he went to study baking right after his graduation from junior high school? He might have become a senior patissier already.

Xiaoming is an assumed name which represents a true story of my friend. With the development of the society, more and more young people have the pulse to be educated professionally. Despite the fact universities are instantly expanding their enrollment, the number of students who can take higher education is also very limited, which makes vocational colleges an important supplement to the educational system. What’s more, universities and vocational colleges emphasize on different sides. The former one focuses on comprehensive education which makes the society longing for more professional and technical personnel. In this case, educational education is back to the focus of social concern again. Nowadays, parents treat occupational education with a different attitude, but the opinion of Xiaoming’s parents on occupational education is representative and could be regarded as an epitome of our society.

而事实上，这类论战在小明初中毕业那年就已经出现过一次了。小明的中考成绩也不是很理想，但小明还是通过交赞助费上了一所普通的高中。而那年和小明一起中考失败的同学们，有一部分人选择放弃继续上普通高中，转而去报了职业高中。小明的邻居小东就选择了去一所职高学西餐烹饪，那是一所业内知名的职高，里面的西餐烹饪专业学生大多数毕业后都有良好的就业去向。就像小明的大伯了解民航就业状况，希望他报民航院校一样，小东的一个远方亲戚在上海某知名大酒店当西餐大厨，他向小东一家推荐了那所职高。小明妈妈听完小东家人的介绍后，确实也有点心动了，要不要让儿子也报这个职高？小明爸爸听完以后，表示了强烈的反对，他觉得这不是在开玩笑，好好的高中不上，以后出去就真的只能当厨子了。

小明最后还是选择了听从父亲的话，上了一所普通的大专，学了计算机专业，但毕业后，小明也没有从事任何与计算机相关的工作，他说自己不喜欢，专业也不够突出，在这个领域不好找工作。他参加了半年的西点培训班，现在小明在一家蛋糕店做一名蛋糕师傅。有时候小明也会问自己：如果初中毕业那年就去职高学西点，现在会不会已经成为高级西点师了呢？

5.to：啊颖作文 篇五

Olympic athletes can make competing in their events look simple. But one man found out swimming definitely isn’t as easy as Ryan Lochte， Michael Phelps or Julia Wilkinson make it seem.

A 34-year-old， unnamed London man was apparently so gripped by Olympic fever that he decided to swim from Biarritz， France to New York.

The man told his friends while they were on vacation in the beach town that he was going to deliver some Olympic spirit across the Atlantic and jumped in the water， according to Daily Mail.

His friends thought he was joking， but because he was a strong swimmer they let him go. Even if he was a strong swimmer， he hadn’t trained and set out without any equipment， according to Gapyear.

He swam out past the 300-meter buoys which marked the end of the legal swimming area and kept going. But he didn’t make anywhere near America.

Because he was out of sight， the lifeguards had to call in a helicopter to find him. A diver dropped into the sea and explained it probably was a bad idea to swim across the Atlantic Ocean. But the man said he was a strong swimmer and felt up to it. A rescue dinghy arrived around the same time and brought the man back to shore.

“He was a bit naive，” said Laurent Saintespes， senior officer at Biarritz airbase to AFP. “But at a time when the Olympics are taking place in London you have to see the funny side of things.”

If he swam in a direct line it would be about 5，800 km. That’s more than 25 times the longest distance ever swum unassisted in open water and 580 times longer than the longest Olympic swimming event. The longest open water swim was set by Veljko Rogosic when he swam across the Adriatic Sea.

However， someone has swum across the Atlantic Ocean， but it was assisted. Benoit Lecomte did it in 1998 to raise money for cancer and completed it with wetsuits， an electromagnetic field to ward off sharks and a 13-meter long support boat. He swam for eight hours a day and would rest and eat on the boat when not swimming. It was a good thing he had the shark fence， because a great white shark followed him for five days of his 73-day journey.

奥运选手之间的激烈竞争让运动项目看起来如此简单。但是有一个人却发现游泳完全不像瑞安·洛赫特、迈克尔·菲尔普斯或者茱莉亚·威尔金森表现得那么简单。

一个三十四岁的伦敦无名男子显然过于沉迷在奥运狂热之中，以至于决定从比亚里茨（法国西南部城市）游到纽约。

据伦敦的每日邮报报道，这位男子正和朋友们在这个海滨城市度假，突然告诉他们自己想将奥运精神传递到大西洋彼岸，于是跳进了水里。

他的朋友们觉得他是在开玩笑，但是因为他很擅长游泳，所以朋友们就随他去了。据Gapyear网报道，虽然他擅长游泳，但是他从来没有受过专业训练而且没有携带任何装备。

他游过了标志着法定游泳范围的三百米浮标并继续向前。但他并没有游到任何接近美国的地方。

因为看不到他了，救生员不得不召来了一架直升机去找他。一个跳水员跳进海里，向该男子解释游过大西洋也许是个糟糕的想法。但是他说自己擅长游泳，觉得能完成这个任务。一个救生筏几乎同时到达了，将这名男子带回了海岸。

“他有点太天真了。”比亚里茨空军基地长官劳伦·圣特斯普斯对法新社记者说，“但因为奥运会正在伦敦举办时，你得看到事情有趣的一面。”

如果他以直线游完，全程大约为5800千米。这是有史以来开放水域未经协助游泳距离最长记录的25倍，是奥运游泳比赛最长项目的580倍。开放水域最长游泳距离是由威尔克·罗格斯克横渡亚得里亚海（地中海的一部分）时创造的记录。