英语现在完成时课件(共13篇)(共13篇)
1.英语现在完成时课件 篇一
初中英语语法 现在完成时
1、现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s
②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。(在助动词have/has后+not,可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)
e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。(将助动词have/has提前,答语一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
否定回答还可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。(疑问词+一般疑问句)
e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?
3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有,吃过了,我刚刚吃的。(影响及结果:我现在饱了,不需要了)
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。(影响及结果:他人现在不在这里了)
该用法常already(已经), never(从不), ever(曾经), yet(仍然), just(刚刚), before(以前)等副词(作状语)连用。
① already, just, ever, never常用于助动词之后,实义动词之前。 already, just多用于肯定陈述句。
e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活。
Would you like to go to see the film? No, I’ve seen it already.不,我已经看过了。(already偶尔会出现于句末)
They have just won a game. 他们刚刚赢了一场比赛。
有时already可以用于疑问句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示惊讶、意外。
e.g. Have you finished reading the book already? 你真的已经读完这本书了?(表示惊讶)
ever多用于疑问句,问初次经历。
e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? 你跟外国人讲过话吗?(问初次经历)
never多用于否定陈述句(注:本身表示否定意义)
e.g. He has never done such a thing, has he? 他从来没有做过这样的事,不是吗?(否定)
② yet一般用于疑问句(已经)或否定句(还),常位于句末。
e.g. Have you got ready yet? 你已经准备好了吗? He hasn’t finished his homework yet. 他还没完成作业。
③ before一般位于句末。
e.g. I have never seen the film before. 以前我从未看过那部电影。 现在完成时的第一种用法常与以上的副词连用,因此这些词有时可以作为现在完成时的标志词。
(2) 现在完成时的第二个基本用法表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。该用法常和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。
①与for +一段时间连用,表示多久。
e.g. He has learned English for two years. 他已经学习两年英语了。
I have been here for three days. 我在这里已经3天了。
②与since +时间(起点)连用,表示自…以来。
e.g. His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以来都在这家工厂工作。
I’ve had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了。
③与since +一段时间+ ago连用,表示自…以前就…。
e.g. Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半个小时前就已经在那里等候了。
He has stayed here since three weeks ago. 他在这儿已呆了三个星期。
④与since +从句(从句用一般过去时)连用,表示自某事发生后就一直…。
e.g.The Greens have lived in Beijng since they came to China. 格林一家自从来到中国后就一直住在北京。
I’ve known her since I came to work here. 自从我来这里工作就认识他了。
(3) 现在完成时的第三个基本用法表示到现在为止这一时期中多次动作的总和或所做过的工作的量的积累。
e.g. I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。
We’ve learnt five English songs this year. 今年我们学了五首英语歌曲。
How many pages of the book have you read? 这本书你读了多少页了?
4、延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用。
(1)有一些动词是瞬间动词,也叫非延续性动词,这些动词一发生就结束了,常见的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在),但由于它们不能延续,因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。
e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。
Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月,因此错误。
(2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中,因此,若要解决这一问题,就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语,主要有以下几种:
①用相应的延续性动词
如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold ②转换成be+名词
如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词
如: die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed ④转换成be+介词短语
如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(军队)
e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书。
I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。
Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
His grandfather has died. 他祖父已经死了。
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。
My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。
My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
(3)在否定句中,非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。
e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。
Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。
6、现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。
现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时,还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”等句型。
e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已经回来一个月了。 = Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一个月前就回来了
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回来已经有一个月了。 = A month has passed since Jim came back. I have kept the book for two days. = I borrowed the book two days ago.
= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book. = Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.
7、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响,它和现在有密切的联系。现在完成时经常会出现下列的标志词。
如:already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +时间段, since +时间点或从句等。一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点,不涉及对现在的影响,所以凡含有表示过去的时间状语的句子,都必须用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。
初中英语轻松学的方法
闲来无事唱首歌
不管是英语课前还是你准备开始学英语之前,你都可以唱首英文歌来热身。当然要选择那些容易理解的歌。这个简单有意思的活动会帮助你放松自己,迅速使大脑集中在英语上。因为在学习英语的时候,保持放松的心态是非常重要的,它可以帮助你激活你的创造力,而创造力会帮助你在操练英语的时候想起更多的例子。
写一段英语练练笔
如果你马上要开始复习英语了,先别急着翻开书本。而是随意写一段英文,可以是关于你的朋友的,你的一天,你的爱好等等,什么都可以。和唱英文歌一样,练笔可以帮助你很快进入到英语状态,同时也可以巩固你的知识。
读一本好的英文书
小说可以帮助你了解西方文化,杂志可以帮助你接触到最鲜活的语言。不管读什么都可以帮助你提高英语能力。注意,不要选择太难的读物,遇到生词的时候也不要立即停下来查字典,而是设法根据上下文猜测词义。即使你非常想知道某个词的意思,也要等到读完一页或一个章节的时候再查。
激活你的词汇
词汇只有通过使用来巩固,因此无论是口语还是写作的练习中,有意识地使用刚刚学过的词汇是非常重要的。比如你想说说关于度假的话题,就可以先回忆一下上次你是在哪里度假的?你最喜欢的事情是什么?有那些词汇可以描述风景,心情,又有哪些词汇可以把动作描述得更为准确?
激活你的语法
结合学过的语法项目,可以稍微做一下回顾。比如本学期学了哪些句型?当我们回顾定语从句的时候,首先就要知道什么是关系代词,什么是关系副词。当我们学习名词性从句时,也应该懂得哪些从句的陈述句可以省略that,哪些不可以省。当我们学习一般过去时的时候,不仅可以描述一下上周末做过的事情,而且可以思考一下它和现在完成时的区别。如果把学英语的人比喻成建筑师的话,词汇是砖瓦,语法则是架构。由此可见,没有正确的架构,是建不起高楼的。
每天都要学英语
天天接触到英语很重要。不过别误会,我可不是让大家只学英语。每天30分钟比一周一次但持续4个小时要好得多。持续时间短但频率高会帮助你的大脑永远为英语保鲜。
本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
2.英语现在完成时课件 篇二
1. 一般过去时只单纯地表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生联系。
如:Iwasthirstyanddrankfiveglassesofwater.
我口很渴, 喝了五杯水。 (只说明口渴和喝水这一情况, 状态和动作与现在无关。)
2. 现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况。
如:Ihaveadreadydrunkfiveglassesofwater.
我已喝了五杯水。 (说明“我”现在不渴。)
二、和时间的搭配情况
1. 一般过去时常和过去的具体时间连用。如:
Theysawafilm lastweek.
他们上周看了一场电影。 (lastweek为过去具体时间)
2. 现在完成时和时间的搭配情况。
(1) 现在完成时不能直接和过去的具体时间连用。
如:Theyhaveseenthefilm.他们看过这部电影。
(2) 现在完成时可以和for+时间段连用, 也可以和since+具体时间 (表示一段时间起点) 连用。此时句中动词须用延续性动词或相当于延续性动词的短语。如have, be, stay, live等。
如:Wehaven'tseeneachotherforthreemonths.
我们有三个月没见过面。 (虽然see为非延续性动词及瞬间动词, 用否定式来表延续。)
Wehavestayheresince 1998.
从1998年起我们一直住在这儿。 (since+具体时间相当于时间段)
3. 有些时间状语, 如:
this morning/afternoon/week/month/year…, tonight, today等, 既可用于一般过去时, 也可用于现在完成时, 但所表达的意义不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在”在内, 用于一般过去时, 则与“现在”无关。
如:Hehascarriedfifteendesksthismorning.
今天早上, 他搬了十五张桌子。 (说话时是早上)
Hecarriedfifteendesksthismorning.
今天早上, 他搬了十五张桌子。 (说话时早上已过)
练习:用所给单词的正确词型填空。
1.Most children_____ (have) a hard life in the past.
2.Great changes_____ (take) place in the past twenty years.
3.My father_____ (work) in Beijing since three years ago.
4. When he_____ (begin) to read this book?
5. you_____ (see) my umbrella?
Yes, I_____ (see) it on your desk a minute ago.
6. The workers_____ (build) three swimming pools this may.
参考答案:1.had;2.havetaken;3.hasworked;
3.中考英语现在完成时考点点拨 篇三
现在完成时是由助动词 have/has+动词的过去分词构成的。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围,它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是重要的谓语动词,能够说明句子的意义。
二、现在完成时的用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。
例如:—Have you had lunch yet?你(已经)吃午饭了吗?
—Yes,I have. I’ve just had it. 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
例如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I have’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
三、现在完成时的结构
(1)陈述句结构:主语+have/has(not)+过去分词+其他
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.
例如:I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好长时间没见到你了。
(2)一般疑问句结构:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
例如:Have you ever seen her before?你以前曾经见过她吗?
(3)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have /has+主语+ 过去分词+其他
例如:—How many words have you learned so far?到目前为止你们已经学了多少单词了?
(4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作
由于以前发生过现在就成为了一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
例如:I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。
四、现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
A. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
例如:We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。
They haven’t finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。
B. 用ever 和never。这两个词多用于否定句或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。
例如:—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
—I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
C. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。
D. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month,year,term)等。
例如:—Have you met him today?今天你见过他吗?
—No, I haven’t. 我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven’t seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如果要用,必须改为延续性动词来表述。下面归纳总结一下终止性动词与延续性动词的转换:
arrive→ be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→ be back
leave →be away
fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up→ be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on→ wear 或be on
open →be open
join→ be in或 be a member of...
close →be closed go to school→ be a student
borrow →keep buy→ have
nlc202309081511
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→ study come to work→ work
例如:He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世两年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
五、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。
例如:I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在完成时,现在还未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(一般过去时,昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)
六、几点注意事项
(1)have/has been(to)与have/has gone(to)的区别:have/hasbeen(to)表示“去过某地”(现在已经回来了),可用于各种人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了”(说话时某人不在当地),常用于第三人称,前者可与once , never, several times等连用,后者则不能。
例如:They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
例如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世已有三年了。
4.英语现在完成时课件 篇四
【全句解释】
更加单薄,更加小巧的飞机座椅已经能让航空公司塞进更多的乘客了。
【词语】
【注释】
①Thinner, smaller两个词都是“形容词”的“比较级”。“比较级”常指:在两者之间,针对某个方面所进行的比较,一般都具有“更......样”的含义。“非多音节的形容词”常在“词尾+er”,如:small+er=smaller。【注】如果某个“非多音节的形容词”是以“元音字母+辅音字母”收尾的话,那么常要双写尾部的“辅音字母”,如:thin+n+er=thinner。
②airline seat:飞机座椅
③“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”是“现在完成时”的结构,其含义:发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
④allow+宾语+to+动词原形:使“宾语”有可能做某事
⑤carrier=airline:航空公司
⑥more:更多的。本句中,more是many的“比较级”,后加“复数名词”。
5.现在完成时教学设计 篇五
一、引入、复习已学过的几种主要时态: 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。注:谓语动词结构与句子所表达的时间一致。T:Make sentences with tenses.S1:Iusually get up at six.S2: ……
二、现在完成时的构成形式:
主语+have/has(助动词)+done(动词的过去分词)I have already finished my homework.He has gone to Beijing.They have stayed here for two years.三、现在完成时的各种句式:
1、陈述句:主语+have/has+动词过去分词。Tom has watched the film already.2、否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词.We haven’t been to Shanghai yet.3、一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词。
Have you ever been to a museum?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+动词的过去分词。
How long have you had that bike over there?
5、反意疑问句:借助于助动词have/has来完成。
Jim has been in Japan for three days,hasn’t he?
6、Excercises
四、中考考点:
考点一:现在完成时的句型结构
现在完成时的肯定句、疑问句和肯定和否定回答。
考点二:现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1、利用图标进行比较现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
2、例句
3、Excercises 考点三:现在完成时中常见的暗示词:already,yet,ever, for, since, in the past/lastfew years,so far, just,twice……
考点四:already和yet的区别
1、already常用于肯定句,yet常用于疑问句和否定句。
2、Excercises 考点五:for和since的区别 讲解For和since的基本用法。
考点六:have been to have gone to have been in 区别 讲练结合
考点七:延续性动词和短暂性动词的转化。
1、什么是延续性动词和非延续性动词。
2、列举常用的延续性动词和非延续性动词的转化。考点八:It is +时间段+since+一般过去式的句子。略讲
五、链接中考的试题演练
1、真题演练
6.初中语法之现在完成时 篇六
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)
过去分词变化规则如下:
1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived ,
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i” ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如; cut- cut- cut,hit-- hit-- hit.
7.现在完成时 篇七
一、现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语(包括副词、短语、从句等)主要有三种类型,分别用于不同意义的句子之中。
1. 表达“现在刚刚完成”的动作:
副词:just, already, yet, recently(lately), etc.
短语:so far, these+(最近)一段时间,etc.
2. 表达某种经历或经验
副词:ever, never, once, twice, before, etc.
常用句:How many times…?
3. 表达“过去继续到现在的动作或状态”,常与for和since连用。如:
for two weeks, for a long time since+过去时间点/n./一段时间+ago/一般过去时的从句
在以上的时间状语中需要认真区别的就是“since+一段时间+ago”这个结构,它与“一段时间+ago”含义不同,前者为时间段,后者为时间点。
二、一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
1. 在表达“过去的经历、经验”的概念时,如果时间不确定,用现在完成时,如果时间确定,则用一般过去时。如:
I’ve met him before.
I met him two days ago.
2. 在when或what time引导的特殊疑问句中,不能用现在完成时。如:
When have you visited New York?
When did you visit New York?
3. 过去发生的连串动作,如用and, but, or, so等对等连词连接,要用一般过去时。
三、延续性动词与瞬间动词
例1: Mr. Green ____ for two hours.
A. has goneB. has left
C. has arrivedD. has been away
例2: I ____ for six months.
A. have received John’s letter
B. have heard from John
C. haven’t heard from John
D. haven’t heard from John’s letter
以上两题都涉及了延续性动词与非延续性动词,即瞬间动词,所谓延续性动词,又称为持续性动词,即可以表示持久动作或状态的动词,如drink, eat, read, play, fly, talk等词,这些动词有以下特点:
(1)可以和表示时间段的状语连用
The students have played for an hour.
Mr. Green has read for about four hours.
He will stay there for two weeks.
(2)可以用于进行时态
I am writing an important letter.
It was raining hard when we got off the train.
瞬间动词,也叫终止性动词,暂时性动词或“点动词”,如open/close, leave, come, go, put, arrive, finish, borrow, lend, marry等动作在极短的瞬间时间内完成的,也就是说该动作一发生即直接转入结束,结果状态,这类词有以下特点:
(1)不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,试看以下例句:
① 我感冒一个星期了。
② 五天来我一直穿着那些蓝上衣。
(2)瞬间动词的否定形式可以表示状态,也就可以和“时间段”的状语连用。如:
I’ve not heard from him for a month.
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.
(3)瞬间动词用于进行时态时,一般指重复动作,而不是指一次动作,如:
He was jumping to keep warm.
He was knocking at the door.
延续性动词与瞬间动词可以在不同的句子结构或不同时态的句子之间进行相互转换,表达相同的意思。如:电影已经放映十分钟了。
The film began ten mimutes ago.The film has been on for ten minutes.
这两种动词的相互转换有三种形式:
1. 将瞬间动词转换成为延续性动词,并与表示时间段的状语连用。
He bought the book two weeks ago. He has had the book for two weeks.
His brother has been in the army for 3 months. His brother joined the army 3 months.
常用的这类转换有lend/borrow→keep buy→have,join→be in,marry→be married,open/close→be open/closed, die→be dead等。试完成这个句子转换:
John borrowed the book three days ago.
John ____ the book ____ three days.
2. 用“It is+时间段+since”句型进行转换。如:
He has studied in our school for four years.
It is four years since he came to study in our school.
在这类转换中,since所引导的从句为一般过去时,且谓语动词多为瞬间动词。试完成这个句子的转换:
Her mother died two years ago.
It is ____ since ____.
3. 用“时间段+has passed+since”句型进行转换,如:
I have been in the army for two years.
Two years has passed since I joined the army.
由此可见,刚才的句子“电影放映十分钟了”,还可以用上述的2、3句型来表达。即:
It is ten minutes since the film began.
8.一般过去时和现在完成时 篇八
(1)Basketball is my favorite.I am going to be a basketball player someday.(2)Debbie is going to swim across the England channel tomorrow.(3)She is going to set out from the French coast at five o’clock._____________________________________
(4)Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.(5)These two groups of people are angry here.They are going to conflict with each other._____________________________________
(6)He is staying in his cousin’s for a week.(7)I am leaving for London next week._______________________________.二._____________________在时间或条件状语中的_____ 表将来
(1)Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims to England.(2)I will be meeting her at the station when she arrived tomorrow.(3)If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.(4)if he lets you go without a ticket, you will be very lucky.三._____________ 在 _____________中表将来
(1)The sports meeting takes place On October 18.(2)The train leaves at eight every morning from this station.四.现在完成时(have/has done)
表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
We have had our breakfast.我们已经吃完饭了。
表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since, for连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。HHHHHHHHHHHHjjj Hjkasjfklasjfklasdjl;fj he He has been in Hong Kong for ten years.He has learned English for six years.He has learned English since 1997.强调不久前刚刚完成的动作。常与yet(用于否定和疑问句), just, already连用,谓语动词是终止性动词。
He has just gone out.I have already finished my lunch.与一般过去时的区别。一般过去时表示事情发生在过去,不强调与现在的关系,与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时强调与现在的关系、对现在的影响,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)。动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在。How long have you been collecting shells? Have you been skating for five hours?
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
9.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 篇九
一般过去时与现在完成时都是发生在过去的动作,但一般过去时就象used to do something 一样,是过去曾经做过某事,现在不这样了,与现在毫无延续性,补做性,影响性,是完全无关系了。一般过去时是已有历史定论的,与现在无关的,已尘封的历史往事,没有重做,补做的可能或必要。而现在完成时则强调过去动作对现在有影响,如未完成时极需及时重做,补做。如“Have you had breakfast?Where did you have it?When did you have it ?”强调你现在是饱还是饿的状态,如还没吃早餐那在时间上还完全来得马上去吃。询问的时间肯定是中午十一点之前问的,十二点时就没必要这样问了。因为不可能补吃早餐了,可以吃中餐了啊。至于用Where,When来提问过去动作,有了吃早餐的时间和地点,那吃早餐就立刻成为确定尘封的历史往事,肯定已经吃过早餐,无所谓重吃,补吃,无所谓饿的影响了。“你看过这部电影吗?”,问你现在知道这电影的内容吗,可以和我交流对这电影的看法吗?如你还没看过可找时间去补看。这些都是现在完成时的特点。下面判别一下那一句应该用现在完成时,那一句应用一般过去时?
1. 我明天去武汉,你去过武汉吗?I am going to Wuhan,have you been to Wuhan?
(对现在有影响)
2. 范仲淹去过武汉吗?(尘封的历史往事,用过去式)did Fan go to Wuhan ?
3. 你学过钢琴吗?能弹一首曲给我听吗?Have you learned playing piano ?Can you
play some music for me ?(对现在有影响)
4. 你小时候学过钢琴吗?你在北京的时候去过长城吗?(有确定时间,地点“小时
候”“在北京的时候”就肯定是尘封的确定的往事,纯过去时,不能用现在完成时。)
5. 老人家,你年轻时谈过恋爱吗?(有确定时间,地点“年轻时”“小时候”“在北
京的时候”就肯定是尘封的确定的往事,纯过去时,不能用现在完成时。)
10.现在完成时六要点 篇十
一、弄清基本构成方法
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其中的have/has为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not。
二、掌握两种主要用法
现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法;另一种是未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是:
1. 已完成用法(影响性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,而说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如:
She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果:她现在不在这儿。)
Has she found her car key?
她找到她的车钥匙了吗? (对现在的影响或结果:她能开她的车了吗?)
I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果:现在我没事了。)
He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。
(对现在的影响或结果:他现在一定很饿。)
2. 未完成用法(持续性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如:
How have you been? 你近来怎样?
She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?
They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。
I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。
注意:除以上用法外,现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来的动作。如:
He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉。
三、注意通常连用的副词
通常与现在完成时连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如:
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。
Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?
She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。
但是,若不强调动作对现在的影响,这些副词也可用一般过去时。如:
He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。
Such things didn’t happen before. 这样的事以前没有发生过。
I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。
四、注意since与现在完成时的关系
since不论用作介词、连词还是副词,句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如:
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。
I met him in 1975 and haven’t seen him since.
1975年我见过他,但自那以后就一直未见到他。
We have been good friends since we met at school.
自从读书相识以来,我们一直是好朋友。
注意:表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:
It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有六个月。
五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:
I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在的情况)
Did you get up very early? 你起得很早吗? (着眼动作本身)
I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)
I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那儿听来的。(单纯谈论动作)
六、掌握have been to 和have gone to的用法区别
两者均可后接地点,前者表示去过某地,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较:
She has been to Europe twice. 她去过欧洲两次。
She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)
注意:若其后不是接名词,而是接副词,则不用to。如:
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
巩固练习:
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao ____(hurry) off to look after the man.
2. Jim ____(make) many friends since he ____(come) to China.
3. They ____(know) each other for about ten years.
4. He ____ already ____(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.
5. “When ____ she ____(leave)?” “Two hours ago.”
6. “____ you ____(see) the film before?” “Yes, I ____.”
“Where ____ you ____(see) it?” “At The Queen’s Cinema.”
7. “Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I don’t eat sweets.” “Oh, I am sorry. I ____(notknow) that.”
8. They usually ____(go) fishing when they lived there.
9. How long ____ she ____(be) ill?
10. They didn’t start to work in the field until the rain ____(stop).
11.英语现在完成时课件 篇十一
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao ______(hurry)off to look after the man.2.Jim ______(make)many friends since he ______(come)to China.3.They ______(know)each other for about ten years.4.He ______ already ______(write)a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.5.—When ______ she ______(leave)?
—Two hours ago.6.—______ you ______(see)the film before?
—Yes, I ______.—Where ______ you ______(see)it?
—At The Queen’s Cinema.7.—Thank you all the same, Mr.Black, but I don’t eat sweets.—Oh, I am sorry.I ______(not know)that.8.They usually ______(go)fishing when they lived there.9.How long ______ she ______(be)ill?
10.They didn’t start to work in the field until the rain ______(stop).II.按要求完成句子。
同义句转换,每空一词。
1.My father came back the day before yesterday.My father has ______ ______ for two days.2.My uncle bought the new car two months ago.My uncle has ______ the new car ______ two months ago.3.They left Changsha an hour ago.They have ______ ______ ______ Changsha for an hour.4.The film began ten minutes ago.The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes.5.The old man died 5 years ago.The old man ______ ______ ______ for 5 years.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
12.英语过去完成时用法小结 篇十二
过去完成时用法小结
一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如:
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。
3.在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如:
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。
4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。
2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。
3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。
4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,中招英语
never及次数名词等时,常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如:
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时,句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响,常会用错时态。
Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克,你也在这啊!我没有看见你。
随讲随练
1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]
A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned
2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]
A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given
3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]
A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left
4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]
A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing
5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped
6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]
A.started;had already hidden
B.had started;had already hidden
C.had started;was hiding
D.was starting;hid
7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]
A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun
8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?
— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?
A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize
13.现在完成时用法面面观 篇十三
1. Our math teacher ______ in our school for 20 years and he ______ here when he was 23 years old. (2011年广东省)
A. has taught;has comeB. taught;comes
C. taught;cameD. has taught;came
2. — ________ you ________ the Beatles’ story?
— Yes. And their songs are popular. (2011年山东省青岛市)
A. Did; hear B. Do; listen to
C. Have; heard of D. Have; listened to
3. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. (2011年北京市)
A. writesB. wroteC. has writtenD. will write
4. Some students in Shanghai ________ e-bags for several months.(2011年陕西省)
A. haveB. have had
C. hadD. will have
5. I ________ my homework,I guess I can’t join you. (2011年河北省)
A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish
分析:上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对现在完成时用法的掌握情况,答案分别是:1. D;2. C;3. C;4. B; 5. C。
现在完成时是初中生必须掌握的重要语法项目之一,掌握它的用法对于同学们学好英语具有重要意义,下面我们一起来学习一下。
一、现在完成时的意义及基本用法
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已打扫了教室。(教室目前是干净的)
I have had my breakfast. 我已吃过早饭了。(吃过饭,现在不饿)
2. 表示从过去一直延续到现在,并且可能继续延续下去的动作或存在的状态。如:
We have learned English for 2 years. 我们学习英语已经两年了。
She has lived here for nearly ten years. 她住在这儿快十年了。
二、现在完成时的基本构成形式
现在完成时由“助动词have(has)+过去分词”构成。当主语是第三人称单数形式时助动词用has,其余人称用have。疑问句,将have/ has提前;否定句,在have/ has后面加not。各种句式如下:
肯定式:主语+have/ has+过去分词+其它。
否定式:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其它。
疑问式:Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其它?
简略答语:Yes,主语+have/ has.
No,主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
三、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1. 副词already (已经)、just (刚刚)、ever (曾经)、yet (还;已经)等。
2. 表示到目前为止的次数。如once (一次)、twice (两次)等。
3. 表示到目前为止的一段时间。如for two years、since 2010等。
4. 表示包括目前在内的时间。如so far(到目前为止)、in the last few years(在过去的几年里)。
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时侧重过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在,它不能与具体的过去时间连用,所以现在完成时中没有以when引导的特殊疑问句。一般过去时表示过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系。试比较:
—Have you read this book?你看过这本书吗?
—Yes,I have. 是的,我看过这本书。(过去动作“看书”对现在造成的影响是“我了解这本书”。)
—When did you read it?你什么时候看的?
—I read it last week. 我上周看的。(仅叙述在过去时间last week发生了动作“看书”。)
五、have(has)been to,have(has)gone to 与have(has)been in的区别
1. have(has) been to表示某人曾经到达某处,指这个人已去彼地现又回到此地,它常与just、ever、never、once、twice、several等连用。如:
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?—Yes,I’ve ever been there only once. 是的,我只去过那儿一次。
nlc202309030346
My sister has never been to Guangzhou. 我妹妹从未去过广州。
2. have(has)gone to 表示某人到某处去了,或在去的路上或已到某处,反正不在此地。一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:
—Where have Jim and Kate gone?吉姆和凯特去哪里了?—They have gone to London. 他们到伦敦去了。
Mr Wu has gone to the factory with his students. 吴老师和同学们一起去工厂了。
—Where’s Maria?玛丽亚在哪儿?—She’s gone to the library. 她去图书馆了。
3. have(has)been in表示“已在某地”或“在某地待过”,其后常与“for + 时间段”、“since + 时间点或从句”等时间状语连用。如:
He has been in Hainan for two years. 他在海南两年了。
Jack has been in Nanchang since last year. 杰克自从去年以来就待在南昌。
友情提示
延续性动词 (如stay、sleep、teach、study、live、work、have、be等)可以和表示一段时间的状语连用;非持续性动词(如 leave、die、begin、buy、get up、arrive、borrow、join、get to know、come、go等)在肯定句中不能和“for...”、“since...”等时间状语连用。如:
我离开广州二十多年了。
误:I have left Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I have been away from Guangzhou for over twenty years.
正:I left Guangzhou over twenty years ago.
正:It is over twenty years since I left Guangzhou.
正:Over twenty years has passed since I left Guangzhou.
学以致用
1. —Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet?
—Yes. It _________ for almost one and a half months. (2011年新疆维吾尔自治区阜康市)
A. has openedB. has being opened
C. has been openD. was open
2. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008. They ______ there for three years since then. (2011年广西壮族自治区百色市)
A. liveB. livedC. have livedD. will live
3. —Have you ever been to Nanning?
—Yes,_______. (2011年广西壮族自治区桂林市)
A. I wasB. I doC. I amD. I have
4. —Excuse me,where is Mr. Brown’s office?
—Sorry,I don’t know. I ________ here for only a few days. (2011年河南省)
A. workB. workedC. have workedD. will work
5. —Where is Bob?
—He ______ to Harbin for a meeting. (2011黑龙江省绥化市)
A. wentB. has beenC. has gone
6. —Are you going to the bank,Laura?
—No,I _______ to the bank already. (2011年江苏省徐州市)
A. have beenB. have goneC. am goingD. had been
7. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011年天津市)
A. seesB. can seeC. will seeD. has seen
8. I _______ many new friends since I came here. (2011年贵州省毕节市)
A. makeB. made
C. will make D. have made
9. —Where’s your brother,Jane?
—He’s not in Guiyang these days. He_______ Beijing. (2011年贵州省贵阳市)
A. has gone toB. has been to
C. had been to
10. She ______ this book for nearly three weeks. (2011年四川省雅安市)
A. has borrowed B. has lentC. has boughtD. has kept
Keys:
1-5 C C D C C6-10 A D D A D
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