现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

2024-07-15

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（共9篇）

1.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别篇一

现在分词作状语结构

1. 作时间状语：

a.分词短语中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，用V+ing形式，可加上while / when;

eg：Walking on the street, she met a friend of hers.

当她走在街上时，遇到了她的一个朋友。

Johnheard the baby crying, while sleeping.

当约翰在睡觉时，听到了孩子的哭声。

b.分词短语中的动词比主句中的动作先发生，用having done的形式;

eg：Having eaten the dinner, the boy began to watchTV.

在吃过晚饭以后，男孩开始看电视。

2. 作方式状语：

Pleaseask the question using another way.

请用另一种方法来回答这个问题。

3. 作目的状语：

Theyoung man stood there waiting for his girlfriend.

那个年轻人站在那儿等他的女朋友。

4. 结果状语：

Herhusband died, leaving her a large sum of money.

她丈夫死了，留给她一大笔钱。

5. 伴随状语：所表达的状态随着句子的谓语动词而发生或存在。

Hesat in the sofa, reading a new book.

他坐在沙发里，看着一本新书。

6. 原因状语：

Beingsick, I didn’t go to school yesterday.

因为生病了，所以我昨天没去上学。

Notknowing her number, I can’t call her.

因为不知道她的电话，我不能打给她。

7. 条件状语：相当于if的条件状语从句

Workinghard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.)

如果你努力工作，你将成功。

8. 补充说明：对主句的情况做一个补充说明。

TheEnglish class begins at 8:30, ending at 10:30.

这堂英语课从8:30开始，一直上到10:30。

2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别篇二

一、现在分词与过去分词当定语

现在分词与过去分词当定语的区别首先表现在被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，过去分词当定语时被修饰的词与分词之间则是被动关系。单个分词作定语通常置于被修饰词之前，分词短语则要后置。例如：

The president made an inspiring speech(= which was inspiring) at the meeting.总统在会上作了令人鼓舞的演说。

The man sitting (= who is sitting) at the desk is his secretary.坐在桌旁那个人是他的秘书。

The moved children (= who were moved) were determined to work harder at their lessons.受感动的孩子们决心更加努力地学习功课。

She showed me the book recommended by the professor (=which was recommended ).她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。

现在分词与过去分词当定语的另一个区别是现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作已经完成。例如：

It is well known that China belongs to a developing country.众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。

We are determined to work harder so as to catch up with the developed countries.我们决心更加努力工作以便赶上发达国家。

不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作完成，没有被动含义。

I was watching the risen moon on the balcony when the telephone rang.我正在阳台上看升起了的月亮突然间电话铃响了。

二、现在分词与过去分词当补语

现在分词当补语表示主动或动作正在进行；过去分词则表示被动或动作已经完成或者指状态。例如：

I saw some foreign guests entering the headmasters office.我看见有几位外宾正走进校长的办公室。

Waiting outside the operating room，she felt her heart beating violently.她等候在手术室外，觉得心在猛烈地跳动。

The children were found playing by the side of the river.有人发现孩子们在河边玩。

Yesterday my husband had the computer repaired.昨天我丈夫让人把电脑修理好了。

The villagers found the river seriously polluted.村民们发现河流被严重地污染了。

All the doors were found locked.所有的门都是锁着的。

三、现在分词与过去分词当状语

现在分词当状语所表示的动作是句子主语所执行的，也就是说主语与现在分词之间包含的是主动关系。过去分词当状语时，句子的主语则是分词动作的承受者，即主语与过去分词之间存在着被动关系。例如：

Entering the laboratory，the professor began to do the chemical experiment.教授走进实验室就开始做化学实验。

Not having heard from his parents for a long time，the young man became worried.由于很久没有收到父亲的来信，年青人感到焦虑不安起来。

Seen from the hill，the town looks very beautiful.从小山上往下看，这个城镇显得非常美丽。

Miss Yang walked into the classroom，followed by a group of students.杨小姐走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。

四、现在分词与过去分词用于独立主格结构

在独立主格结构中，如果分词的逻辑主语与分词之间是主动关系用现在分词，如果两者之间表示的是被动关系或指状态则用过去分词。例如：

Weather permitting (= If weather permits)，we will go out for a picnic next Sunday.如果天气允许，我们下个星期日去野餐。

He related his adventure in the mountains，his eyes sparkling with joy.他叙述他在山中的奇遇，眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。

Everything taken into consideration (=If everything is taken into consideration)，his plan is more workable than yours.考虑到各方面情况，他的计划比你的更可行。

五、现在分词被动式与过去分词的区别

现在分词的被动式与过去分词都可以表示被动含义，但是在使用时我们应该注意到如下区别。

1、现在分词的被动式表示动作正在被进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。

The suggestion being discussed was put forward by Mr.Li.正在讨论的这个建议是李先生提出来的。

The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great importance.昨天会上讨论过的问题非常重要。

不过有时现在分词被动式与过去分词所起的作用相同。

This (being) done，I set about cleaning

the windows.做完这个，我开始擦窗子。

2、过去分词可以当定语，但是现在分词被动语态完成式通常不当定语。

The children were deeply moved by the story told by the PLA man.(正)

The children were deeply moved by the story having been told by the PLA man.(误)

3、强调条件时，一般只用过去分词。

Compared with other women，your mother is really lucky.同其他妇女相比，你母亲真的很幸运。

4、如果用作时间状语，既表示被动又表示完成，可用过去分词也可用现在分词被动语态的完成式。

The experiment (having been) done，the students left the laboratory.做完了实验，学生们就离开了实验室。

但是如果只强调被动，则用过去分词。如果只强调动作完成，则用现在分词被动语态的完成式。

Once seen，it can never be forgotten.一旦见过，就绝不会忘记。

3.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别篇三

1.现在分词被动完成式 having been done

它只能做状语,不能做后置定语(这一点楼主千万要注意)

它做状语时,与句子的主语构成主动/主谓的关系,即该动作也是由句子主语主动发出的.不要被过去分词所诱惑.只不过是因为它用到了完成形式,而完成形式是要出现过去分词的,但由having可以看出还是主语发出的主动动作.之所以用完成形式,是因为这个动作明显发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如: Having graduated from university, he worked in that company for 3 years.毕业(graduate)和句子主语he是主动/主谓关系,并非被动!

4.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别篇四

Yeah, but why do you lie?

但是问题在于：你为什么说谎?

You have hope than those who lie in the grave!

你比那些躺在坟墓里的`人都有希望!

Do not lie or steal, for you lie to yourself and steal from yourself.

5.动名词现在分词过去分词练习篇五

---No.Rain or shine, the match will be held as ___________________(schedule).32.---Who’s the man talking to our teacher?---A professor ______________(pay)a visit to our school.33.The killer insisted that she was defending herself when _____________(attack).34.The Shanghai Center, _________________(design)to be environmentally friendly, will be completed this year.35.While listening to the concert, the audience is required to remain ____________(seat)and keep quiet.Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top __41_____, but on their way back conditions were very _42______.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon __43_____ alone, he would probably get back _44______.But Simon decided to risk his __45_____ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.As they __46_____ down, the weather got worse.Then another ___47____ occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___48____, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.It was ___49____ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s _50_____ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.___51____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __52_____.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe __53_____ into a huge crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he __54_____ to get out of the crevasse and started to ___55____ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __56_____.Simon had ___57____ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be __58_____, but he didn’t want to leave ___59____.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t ___60____ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.41.A.hurriedly

B.carefully

.C.successfully

D.early 42.A.difficult

B.similar

C.special

D.normal 43.A.climbed

B.worked

C.rested

.D.continued 44.A.unwillingly

B.safely

C.slowly

D.regretfully 45.A.fortune

B.time

C.health

D.life 46.A.lay

B.settled

C.went

D.looked 47.A.damage

B.storm

C.change

D.trouble 48.A.by mistake

B.by chance

C.by choice

D.by luck 49.A.unnecessary

B.practical

C.important

D.impossible 50.A.height

B.weight

C.strength

.D.equipment 51.A.Finally

B.Patiently

.C.Surely

D.Quickly 52.A.stand back

B.take a rest

C.make a decision.D.hold on 53.A.jumped

B.fell

C.escaped

D.backed 54.A.managed

B.planned

C.waited

D.hoped 55.A.run

B.skate

C.move

D.march 56.A.around

B.away

C.above

D.along

57.A.headed for

B.travelled to

C.left for

D.returned to 58.A.dead

B.hurt

C.weak

D.late 59.A.secretly

B.tiredly

.C.immediately

D.anxiously 60.A.find

B.believe

C.make

6.浅谈过去分词作状语篇六

一、句法功能

过去分词在句中可作时间状语，原因状语，让步状语，结果状语，方式状语和条件状语等。过去分词作状语不管放在句首或句末，一般是用逗号将其与主句隔开。

1. 作时间状语，通常在句首，但有时句末，有时置于主语和谓语之间。

Asked about his family， the young man made no answer.

The young man made no answer， asked about his family.

The young man， asked about his family， made no answer.

问到他的家庭，这个年轻人没有回答。

2. 作原因状语，一般置于句首，偶尔置于句末。

Having lived abroad for years， I am long to return.

在国外居住了几年，我渴望回国。

The child learns fast， well brought up by his parents.

受到父母的良好教育，这个小孩学得很快。

3. 作条件状语，常位于句首。

United， we stand； divided， we fail.

团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。

4. 作伴随或方式状语，可位于句首、句中或句末。

The hunter walked slowly in the forest， followed by his wolf dog.

猎人在森林中慢慢地走，后面跟着他的狼狗。

5. 作让步状语，通常放在句首。

Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight.

虽然全身受伤，这个勇敢的士兵继续战斗。

二、部分形容词化的过去分词

有些过去分词已经形容词化并且用于系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动也不表示完成，而是表示一种状态。这样的过去分词及过去分词短语常见的有：lost（迷路），seated（坐），hidden（躲），stationed（驻扎），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），born（出身于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（感到厌倦）等，作状语时，通常不用其-ing形式。

Lost in the mountain for a week， we were finally saved by the local police.

在大山里迷失了一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。

三、过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别

过去分词作状语时，句子的主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者，它们之间的关系是被动关系；现在分词作状语时，句子的主语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者，它们之间的关系是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语同时发生时用一般式doing，如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，表示主动就用having done，表示被动则用having been done。

Walking along the street， I met a friend of mine.

沿着大街向前走时，我遇到我的一个朋友。

Having finished their work， they had a rest.

完成工作后，他们就休息了。

Seen in the distance， the city looks more attractive.

从远处看，这个城市更加迷人。

Seeing in the distance， we find the city more attractive.

从远处看，我们发现这个城市更加迷人。

四、连词+过去分词

过去分词时间状语、条件状语或让步状语时，为了明确其含义有时可在分词前加上when， while， until， once， if， though， unless， although等连词，这相当于状语从句的省略。

When asked about his family， he made no answer.

当问及家庭的时候，他没有回答。

Unless invited， I will not attend the party.

除非受到邀请，否则我将不参加聚会。

Once （it is） seen， it will not be forgotten.

只要看见就不会忘记。

但before， after一般不与过去分词连用，因为这两个词还可作介词，后接being done的形式。

Before being called， remain where you are.

在点名前，待在原地不动。

五、过去分词作状语与状语从句的转换

1. 过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when， while或after等引导的时间状语从句。

Completed， the library will be open to the public next year. =When it is completed， the library will be open to the public.

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图书馆完工后，将于明年向公众开放。

2. 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为as， since或because等引导的原因状语从句。

Encouraged by the progress he has made， he works harder. =As he is encouraged by the progress he has made， he works harder.

由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓舞，他工作更加努力了。

3. 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if， once或

unless等引导的条件状语从句。

United， we will stand； divided， we will fail. = If we are united we will stand； if we are divided， we will fail.

团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。

4. 过去分词作伴随状语时，一般转换为并列句。

Mr Li came in， followed by his wife. = Mr Li came in and he was followed by his wife.

李老师走进来，后面跟着他的妻子。

5. 过去分词作让步状语时，一般转换为although， though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by the climb， we continued our journey. =Although we were exhausted by the climb， we continued our journey.

我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

6. 过去分词作方式状语时，如有连词as if就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句：若无连词，则转换为并列句。

The little girl began to cry as if bitten by a snake. =The little girl began to cry as if she was bitten by a snake.

小女孩大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。

练习

1. __________twice， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten B. Bitten

C. Having bitten D. To be bitten

2. __________ accoring to the directions， this kind of medicine has no side effect.

A. When taken B. When to take

C. When taking D. Taking

3. Our friendship is nothing __________ with yours.

A. to compare B. comparing

C. compared D. being compared

4. It is rather difficult to make friends with him， but his friends， __________ is more true than others.

A. after gaining B. when to gain

C. while gaining D. once gained

5. No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless __________ very young.

A. having trained B. to be trained

C. trained D. being trained

6. __________ of stealing money from the bank， he was questioned by the police.

A. Accusing B. Having accused

C. To accuse D. Accused

7. __________ by his grandparents made Mike not used to living with his parents.

A. To bring up B. Being brought up

C. Brought up D. Bringing up

8. — Who should be responsible for the accident？

— The boss， not the workers. They just carried out the order .

A. as told B. as are told

C. as telling D. as they told

9. __________ from the top of the tower， the south of the mountain is a sea of trees.

A. Having seen B. Seen

C. To see D. Seeing

10. __________ ， he continued to walk. （hesitate）

犹豫了一会，他又继续走了下去。

11.__________ ， she still accepted it without complaint. （disappoint）

尽管对结果失望，但她仍是毫无怨言地接受了它。

12. __________ ， he has to stay in bed. （wound）

他腿受了重伤，不得不躺在床上。

13. __________， they took a rest. （classify）

给书分类后，他们休息了一会。

参考答案

1～9 BACDCDBAB

10. Hesitating for a moment

11. Though disappointed at the result

12. Badly wounded in the leg

13. Having classified the books

7.fall的过去式和现在分词篇七

他滑了一下，险些跌倒。

Bombs fell in the town.

炸弹落在了城里。

She fell and twisted her ankle.

她摔了一下，把脚崴了。

Falling debris rained on us from above.

碎片从上面像雨点儿一样落在我们身上。

School enrolments are currently falling.

目前学校的注册人数在减少。

I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream.

8.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别篇八

某些动词(比如make)的过去式和过去分词形式相同，就需要判断它是作谓语用的过去式还是作定语用的过去分词。下面将就如何判断过去式或过去分词作一个探讨。这里我们考研英语教研室姚洋老师根据动词的宾语特点，把动词的过去分词分为三类：单宾语动词的过去分词、双宾语动词的过去分词和宾补动词的`过去分词。

一、单宾语动词的过去分词

所谓单宾动词，即指该类动词后边只接一个宾语，不需要两个宾语或宾语补足语。对于这类动词，首先是看它后边是否带宾语，如果没有宾语，则必然为过去分词，因为如果它是作谓语的过去式，则其后边必然要接宾语的。其次，我们还可以利用句中其他很多线索来判断，比如句子谓语中的情态动词、并列结构、某些特殊结构搭配等。下面一一举例来说明。

1.The organization of districts that meetthe criteria suggested would make it possible to resolve the small-schoolproblem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas where such schoolsmay have to be continued regardless of higher costs.

妙语点睛

当我们看到Theorganization of districts that meet the criteria，知道这是个定语从句that meet the criteria修饰districts而不是修饰organization，因为这里用meet而不是meets.然后看到suggested，先假定它是谓语动词，则后边必然要有宾语出现，而且suggested的宾语往往是that从句。但是继续往后看到would make，这时我们既没有发现suggested的宾语，同时又找到了重要谓语线索would，所以，would make是一个谓语必定无疑。靠这两点，我们就很快推翻刚才的假定――认为suggested是谓语。此时，应该马上重新判断suggested的句法功能，应该立即判断出它不是充当主句谓语的过去式，而应该是过去分词后置修饰名词criteria.于是由that meet the criteria变成现在的that meet the criteria suggested，表示“满足所提出的要求”。

再继续往后看到allexcept isolated，以及populated，也许有读者会琢磨这里isolated和populated是过去式还是分词。其实，这个判断比较简单，关键是看到all以及介词except，因为不论是限定词all还是介词except，它们后边都需要带一个名词。于是看到all和except我们就期待名词的出现，直到后面出现areas，我们就知道这里基本结构是all except (isolatedand sparsely populated) areas，那么中间的isolated and sparsely populated必然就是过去分词作定语，修饰areas.

译文：

按照提出的标准进行校区的划分，这可能会解决地区内学校规模小的问题，但对于偏远的、人口稀少的地区，尽管花费比较大，规模小的学校可能还得继续办下去。

二、双宾语动词的过去分词

所谓双宾动词，即指该类动词后边要接两个宾语。因此，对于这类动词，如果其后边只有一个宾语，则该动词必然为分词。举例来说，比如动词award，它的宾语结构是awardsomebody something，表示“授予某人某东西”。如果我们看到这样一个结构：somebody awarded something，即这里awarded后边只有一个宾语something，据此我们就可以断定这里awarded是一个过去分词，作后置定语，修饰somebody.请看下列例句：

Now Congress， in apparent agreement， hasrequired by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500，000do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do soon forms filed with the government.

妙语点睛

很多读者看完这个句子，第一眼就会觉得这里的awarded是谓语动词，进而就会误认为businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500，000是一个完整的句子，结构是“主语businesses+谓语awarded+宾语federal contracts of more than $500，000”。而紧接着往下看到dotheir best时，脑子就开时发懵了――awarded和do是并列谓语吗?再接着往后读到record一词，很可能就把它当作是名词，认为与前面minority subcontractors是并列的，往后看到their efforts还是不理解。最后，看到do so又不理解什么意思，看到forms又好像是动词，看到filed也好像是动词。这样分析下来，整个句子结构全部乱套。

以上错误的分析，从awarded就开始错了，因为awarded分析错误而使得对整个句子的分析走进了一个死胡同!

整个宾语从句中的主谓结构是：businesses……do…… and record……。具体来说，主语businesses与谓语do被定语awardedfederal contracts of more than $500，000隔开，该定语是过去分词短语，修饰businesses.读者若误认为businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500，000是一个完整的句子，显然是误把分词awarded当作谓语的过去式了，错误根源是不了解awarded要带双宾语这一用法特点。这里businesses是相当于“人”作间接宾语，而federal contracts ofmore than $500，000是直接宾语。在第二个谓语部分中，do so是省略形式，这里so指上面提到的do their best to find minoritysubcontractors;forms是名词，其后带有过去分词短语filed with thegovernment作后置定语，修饰forms.

译文：

现在国会已经很明确地要通过法律的形式来要求，与联邦政府签署了价值50万美元以上的合同的企业，要尽最大努力找少数民族分承包商，并呈请政府将上述情况登记在案。

三、宾补动词的过去分词

所谓宾补动词，即指该类动词后边要接一个宾语，然后宾语后边还要接补足语。因此，对于这类动词，如果其后边只有补足语而没有宾语，则该动词必然为分词。举例来说，比如make our country beautiful，现在改成our country made beautiful，这里made后边没有宾语了，只有一个beautiful作补足语，所以这里made是分词，而不是作谓语的过去式。请看例句：

Additional social stresses may also occurbecause of the population explosion or the mass migration movements―themselves made relatively easynowadays by modern means of transport.

妙语点睛

从结构来看，该句becauseof后边接两个名词短语thepopulation explosion和the mass migration movements―themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语中又含有一个短语themselvesmade relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来补充说明mass migration movements.因此，这里代词themselves指代名词短语mass migration movements.

这里made后边只有形容词短语relatively easy作补足语，而没有宾语，所以这个made是分词。

译文：

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

总结一下

从以上例句分析，我们看出，要快速而准确判断是作谓语的过去式还是作定语的过去分词，关键要熟练掌握动词的用法特点，这是根本。我们可以把动词分为三类：单宾动词、双宾动词和宾补动词，对于这三类动词，我们归结为这样三句话：

1、该有一个宾语的单宾动词，若其后边没有宾语，则它必然是分词;

2、该有两个宾语的双宾动词，若其后边只有一个宾语，则它必然是分词;

3、该有复合宾语的宾补动词，若其后边只有补足语而没有宾语，则它必然是分词。