BEC商务英语改错常见错误总结(共10篇)
1.BEC商务英语改错常见错误总结 篇一
英语改错
纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错,不难看出,其错误形式基本上为:错词占6行左右;正确占一行;多词和缺词一般占3行左右。错误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中,动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有 ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;② and 前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countrysidewith you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致,故saw改为seeing)
8.介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用
There are too many people among my family.(among 改为in,in my family 为固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow.(去掉 at, the moment 引导从句)
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;2.谓语动词的时态、语态;3.非谓语动词的用法;4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
1.改动以最少为原则;2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;3.实词以改变词形为原则 4.以保持句子原意为原则。
短文改错解题步骤
1.通读全文,掌握大意;2.整句分析,逐行推敲;3.反复通读,复查验证。
解题注意要点和能力培养
1.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。
2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
2.BEC商务英语改错常见错误总结 篇二
标题:the most common habits from more than 200 english papers written by graduate chinese engineering students原文链接如下:(不能保证是原始出处)http://me.sjtu.edu.cn/document/most%20common%20mistakes%20of%20200%20technical%20english%20papers.pdf时间:XX以后阅读时间:XX.9.27摘要:本文提出了几种最常见的中式英语习惯它们是从超过两百份中国学生写的英文论文中观察得来的。文中解释了这些习惯并且在大部分情况下给出了从实际论文中出现的例子以及正确的用法。我们试图去解释如何去改正和避免这些错误。一些情况下我们还解释了为什么这些习惯会出现。本文可以成为一个单独的科技论文编写指南尤其是当很难寻找一个母语为英语的编辑时。大意section 1a an the冠词后面将跟随一个名词并且任何冠词与名词之间的修饰词都用来修饰这个名词(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。a和an是不定冠词the是定冠词。单数形式的不可数名词以及指代一个可数事务的普通名词它们每次都需要一些限定词(determiner)。它们的使用方法如下图所示:incorrect figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main
and splitter blades.15correct figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of themain and splitter blades.15分析上面的例子surface是一个单数、可数、没有限定词的特定的单词因此要用the修饰。而blades是一个复数、可数、没有特殊限定词、并且特定的单词因此也要用the修饰。very long sentence太长的句子不利于读者理解应该尽量分为多个句子。对于一些参数的陈列尽量使用列表或者整齐的子句。prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purposelocation or reason first在句子的前面陈述目的、位置、原因等而不是陈述句子的主要含义。这样减弱了句子的主旨混淆了读者的理解。incorrect for the application in automobile interiors this paper studies the nestingoptimization problem in leather manufacturing.5correct this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturingfor application in automobile interiors.tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning ofa sentence倾向于把表示时间的短语放在句首。这样是不自然的。incorrect when u is taken as the control parameter the bds for δ =0.0 0.001 0.005are shown in fig.8.correct figure 8 shows the bds for δ =0.0 0.001 and 0.005 when u is taken as thecontrol parameter.place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence foremphasis将最重要的主题放在句首以示重视。这样的理解是错误的。incorrect based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a cadmodel the extended stl format is described in this section.4correct the extended stl format is described in this section based on the triangulationstructure built from unorganized points or a cad model.“which/ that”‘respectively’ and ‘respective’1.respectively is misplaced in the sentence;it is put before the nouns to which it refers.incorrect equations 2~6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…13correct equations 2~6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)… respectively.incorrect the weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19correct the weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400 respectively.2.respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something wasdone.however the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not needto be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.incorrect if both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck processare respectively below certain scores then we refer to strategy 1 otherwise ifeither is respectively above a certain score then we refer to strategy 2.similarly if the core technology and core quality are respectively above acertain score then we refer to strategy 3 otherwise if either is respectivelybelow a certain score then we refer to strategy 4.19correct if both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck processare below certain scores then we refer to strategy 1 otherwise if either isabove a certain score then we refer to strategy 2.similarly if the coretechnology and core quality are above a certain score then we refer to strategy3.商务英语经验BEC高级考后总结 篇三
参考书篇
BEC考试的资料不多,高级的资料就更不多了。市场上卖的BEC参考书大多质量不好。依我看来,经济科学出版社的最好,一本课本,一本参考书,再加一本人民邮电出版社的模拟题就可以了。我看过复旦出过的书,不如经济科学出版社的好。石油出版社的劝你们不要做,题太简单不说,题型与实际的题型出入很大。南方出版社的几本我买了,感觉写作还可以。听力大多都是照搬经济科学出版社的,而且错误极多,阅读我几乎就没做过。周成刚写的一本《剑桥商务英语考试指南》还不错,里面的口语练习可以作为样本反复摩练。还有的其他一些资料都是我从网上找到的,比如说考试心得,口试模拟,阅读指南等。如果你用的经济科学出版社的书,最好买一本《难词解析》,在学习课本过程中遇到的不会的词大多可以在这本书里找到解释和例句。
复习应考篇
好多人都希望知道需要准备多长时间才能通过这个考试。我觉得这跟每个人的基础都有很大关系。如果通过了大学六级或专业四级并取得比较优秀的成绩的话,一般三个月便足够了。我的情况是专业四级优秀,共用了两个月的时间准备考试。我没有参加辅导班,因为我所在的城市就没有高级的辅导班。白天我还有课,所以将复习的时间都放在了晚上。每天晚上我都固定用一个小时的时间来学习课本,从中级的课本开始的,学完了中级课本再看的高级,因为我觉得中级课本里有很多重要的商务知识,尤其到中级的后几课难度明显加大,算是与高级接轨的几课吧,积累了中级的词汇,商务知识,学习高级也就有了很好的基础了。高级的课文较难,一个小时往往不够,我就适当的延长点时间来学习。学习时我基本是先将课本都弄懂,词汇不懂的一定要查出来,就连练习里的也如此,这样才能保证你有足够的商业词汇量,重要的是你要通过英语去理解课文里涉及到的商务知识。课本上的练习要认真做,都是考试的题型,难度也差不多。我感觉考试时真题比课本上的练习还要难一些,所以如果练习做得好千万不要骄傲。有几课较难的,实在无法理解的就把词汇都弄懂了就好了,别太难为自己,准备这样的考试信心也很重要!!
专题篇
听力:
高级的听力比较难,题型比较固定。听写一定要提前将题目浏览一下,最好是不要听磁带里每次都罗嗦一遍的题目说明,直接在说明里找这个题目是关于什么方面的,是产品发布会还是会议等等,然后直接浏览短文,并在关键词处用铅笔做出标记。第二题的匹配挺难的,一定要在平时的练习中熟悉各种场景所用的语言,考试中都有提示你场景的关键词,要善于归纳总结。如上面的题型一样,先在题目说明里找到题目要问的是什么,人的身份,事情的结果还是其他什么,迅速看选项,争取能在脑中留下较深的印象,这题必须依靠平时多加练习,找到做题的感觉,会抓题目的关键词。最后一题是送分的题,一般不会太难的,只是要注意这道题的特点。剑桥出题不会考你算术的,而且往往你听到的第一个选项不是答案。也就是说听到了选项不要高兴,它一定在下面来个转折,当然答案也就在其后了。平时不仅仅要听课本的磁带,也应听各种磁带来“养耳”,最好听BBC,因为这样可以熟悉英音。总之,要有一定数量的“输入”才能有好的输出。
口语
考生平时也应注重口头的交流,
备考资料
考试时可以自己找搭档,也可以老师来指定,所以如果是和同学一起参加考试,不妨结成搭档,平时便多加练习。平时练习可以不限制题目,想说什么变说什么。考前十几天应当做模拟练习。第一题一般是自我介绍,不会太难,考官会即兴问点商务类的问题,也不会太难。第二题是一分钟演讲。这道题平时要自己积累,其实考试的题目比较固定,有marketing , finance, motivation……等等,大的方向是一定的,不过具体的问题会不相同,一般来说会问……是什么,为什么,方法有几种,它的意义是什么。比如motivation是什么,为什么要motivate,方法有几种,结果带来的好处是什么。其他的你们可以自己总结。注意回答时要有条理性,用first, second,third, finally等标志词。最后一道题是两名或三名考生共同完成一个题目,需要两个人共同合作。发下题目后并不允许相互交谈,也不可以写下自己的想法,只能在脑中思考,准备时间结束后两个人交流思想的过程就是完成题目的过程。要注意两个人一定要学会合作,切不可以一个人将所有的点都说完,另个无话可说。如果搭档的水平有差距,口语比较好的应当给对方提示帮助,评分时有“合作”一项的分数。另外,一般要解决的问题都有两三个,不能在第一题就逗留太久的时间,解决后马上就要进入下一个,两个人应该争取最后意见一致。考试结束还有分歧的会被扣分的。最好是可以相互妥协或是最后一个发言的将两个人的意见中和一下来个总结。
写作
应该认真研究课本里样文,其他参考书也可以,但是课本里的比较规范,练习里的作文题目也应该拿出来认真做
第一部分是图表题,有条形的,柱型的,线型的,饼型的,考试通常让你比较多年的数据并得出结论。注意一些常用的描述趋势变化的动词,如上升有哪些词,持平,下降等,还有描述变化的形容词等。结论一般在末尾一段或是第一段边指出。这道题要注意平时词汇的积累。写作同一篇文章尽量不用同样的词,表现出你词汇量的丰富这样才容易拿分。
第二部分有三个选项你任选其一做。或是报告,或是商业信函,或是建议。其中建议的格式与报告很像,所以着重要联系报告及商业信函的格式。除了格式,最重要的便是商业用语,比如报告多用无人称主语,开头多用This report is to (aims to)…,中间多用It is suggested that…It is felt that…等等。注意不用缩略语。书信类也不外乎致歉信,抱怨信,回复抱怨信,求职,介绍信…几种,掌握了每种的格式,常用的句型写起来就容易多了。另外课本里及练习里的作文要认真去看,勤于总结
阅读
对于阅读不可忽视,平时要把课本里的练习都认真的做,熟悉考试的题型,抓住题目的特点,总结题目的规律。
第一题一般是几则商业广告,让你判断题支说明的是那一则。一般来说,先看题支,再看短文比较好。看短文时要将文章里重点的词句画出来,看第二遍的时候也就好找一些。简单的一般一遍变可以找出来。这道题应该是最简单的一道题,所以尽快做完。
第二题是匹配题,难度不定。关键要注意填空后前后句子的衔接是否自然。注意空前后的单词及连词,即看填空前后代词所指是否与主语一致,连接词所表示的转折,因果,并列等关系是否符合
第三题是阅读短文选择,一般不难。而且通常讲,有几个选项就有就几段,每题对应一段,时间不足时可以快速阅读,直接去读选项对应的段找答案,一般答案都不是原句,但意思是相同的。
第四题是完型填空,要立足整体,先读懂文章大意再填比较好。
第五题是没有选项的完型填空,看似较难,但其实填入的词都不外乎冠词,介词,连词,代词等小词,实词大多很少出现,也不太难。
改错
最后是改错,高级的改错都是四个正确,做时先通读原文,弄清题意改错的准确率才会较高。
4.关于中考英语常见错误 篇四
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而?Julius Caesar? is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeares early plays.?
mend ?
[误] I want to have my bike mended.?
[正] I want to have my bike repaired.?
[析] mend意为缝补,如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是修理。?
mind ?
[误] Could you mind to close the door??
[正] Could you mind closing the door??
[误] Try to make up your mind studying hard.?
[正] Try to make up your mind to study hard.?
[析] mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为下定决心时,其后要加不定式。 ?要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语: 如果你不介意,应回答No, go ahead.如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲Yes, please dont.?
miss ?
[误] I found my bag missed.?
[正] I found my bag missing.?
[析] missing为形容词,其意为不见了、丢了。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如: I missed the first train, I dont want to miss seeing the famous football player.?在作补足语讲某物不见了时有missing, gone, lost等,如: I found my bag missing (gone, lost).?
5.考研英语写作常见错误 篇五
2. 准备工作不充分,考场慌乱易出错。许多考生都执着于考研写作的万能句子和及黄金模版,但部分考生对这些万能句子和模板复习时间及精力的投入不足,造成考场上各种慌乱中出现的错误。 且部分考生未能将已背会的万能句子灵活运用,造成复习知识的提取失败。
3. 汉语思维,中式英语。写作考查学生英语综合水平及能力,对学生综合能力要求较高。有的考生的英语遣词造句能力较差,在紧张的考场环境中,容易将汉语思维构思整篇写作。往往造成词不达意,思维表达混乱。
4. 固定搭配和用词习惯不当。英语语言的一大特点就是其丰富的习惯用语和固定搭配。英语中有大量的动词短语,介词短语,形容词短语,例如,部分考生经常会将 “spend much time in ...”(花费很多时间做某事)写成 “take much time in ...”; 再如,“帮某人一个忙”、“给某人恩惠” 应是“ do sb. a favour ”,部分考生可能会写成 “give sb a favour”。英语中的固定搭配及习惯用法有时看起来不符合逻辑,但却是地道用法。
5. 词汇量小,创造单词。平时词汇积累不够,能够运用在写作中的词汇量太少,好不容易知道如何运用但又无法正确拼写出来,结果只能用汉语拼音替代。除了部分词汇的拼写错误外,考生有时还会想当然而为之的自己“创造”单词。曾经就有考生将长城“The Great Wall”写成“ChangCheng”。这样在写作上“肆意妄为”,必然会导致成绩不太理想。
6. 句子成分逻辑混乱。由于受到母语结构的影响,考生易对句子成分的安排位置不当而造成逻辑混乱。例如,对句子主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不妥而造成的逻辑混乱:Our English class often told stories. 应改为:We often told stories in our English class。
7. 缺少及承上启下的句子和段落。文章的前后逻辑关系需要过渡词及过渡段落的使用。文章的逻辑性关乎着整篇文章的结构严谨,过渡词和过渡段落的使用可以使文章表达更合乎逻辑,文章紧凑。
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. The spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. A lot of people have become richer and richer. They can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
采用适当关联词,改进为:
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
考研英语写作常见错误解析:
1) 主谓一致是考生必须在写作中要注意到的部分,例如:
误:A number of boy students is football fans.
正:A number of boy students are football fans.
误:The number of the students in this school have been increasing these years.
正:The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years.
误:The construction of the two new railway lines have been completed by now.
正:The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
主谓一致中的就近一致,例如:
误: There are a rubber and two pencils in the box.
正: There is a rubber and two pencils in the box.
误: There is a wide variety of people on the earth.
正: There are a wide variety of people on the earth.
2)时态语态,在不同的写作要求中,文章时态的使用必须要谨慎。
描述图画应该用进行时:
误:As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals bind their disabled legs together and hold fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
正:As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals binding their disabled legs together and holding fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
描述图表应该用过去时:
误:As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number is increasing to 8 times from to .
正:As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008.
误:This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and . In 2008, cars with Japanese brands top the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands take 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
正:This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and 2009. In 2008, cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
在预测趋势的文章中,需要用一般将来时:
误:I believe then the relationship between people is harmonious and our society is a better place for us in the future.
6.中考英语常见错误F之三 篇六
first ?
[误] Is this your firstly visit to Beijing??
[正] Is this your first visit to Beijing??
[析] 除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有“首先”、“首次”、“第一次”之意。
follow ?
[误] I received a letter which ran as follow.?
[正] I received a letter which ran as follows.?
[析] as follows是惯用法,其意为“如下”,不论在任何场合均要用follows.?
[误] As follows are his arguments.?
[正] The following are his arguments.?
[析] as follows主要用于句尾,而the following则用于句首。?
food ?
[误] Too much sweet food, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.?
[正] Too many foods, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.
[析] food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:There is no food for supper. 而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。?
foot?
[误] There is a five?feet?wide bridge.?
[正] There is a five?foot?wide bridge.?
[析] 用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。?
[误] We went to college on feet.?
[正] We went to college on foot.?
[析] by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的`复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:I came to school in his car yesterday. I go to shool on a train.?
for ?
[误] I wanted to go to the pub for having a drink.?
[正] I wanted to go to the pub for a drink.?
[正] I wanted to go to the pub to have a drink.?
[析] 用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。?
[误] I went to the office for seeing the headmaster.?
[正] I went to the office to see the headmaster.?
[析] 用不定式来表示动作的目的。?
[误] I will leave Beijing to Shanghai.?
[正] I will leave Beijing for Shanghai.?
[正] I will leave for Shanghai.?
[析] leave for为一固定搭配,不要改动。?
[误] I bought a book to you.?
[正] I bought a book for you.?
[误] He is a friend for us.?
[正] He is a friend to us.?
[析] 在英文中“为”一词在泛指时用to, 在特指时要用for.?
[误] This food is good to us.?
[正] This food is good for us.?
[析] 词组be good (bad) for 表示“对……有好(坏)处”。?
[误] For I was feeling quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch.?
[正] I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.?
[析] for作为“因为”讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。
7.申论写作错误常见类型总结及分析 篇七
认为申论写作时完全抄材料。2.认为申论写作与高中作文一样需要极强的散发性。
3.认为申论写作时前几道客观题的综合。
4.认为没有积累就无处下手。其实,只要我们严格把握题干意图,结合材料,进行思考,一定能写好的申论文章。小编在此对错误常见类型进行总结与分析。
第一,缺乏形式要件
申论文章格式没有公文写作严格,但也不能任意发挥。申论文章应该是议论文,有论点、论据、论证三部分为支撑。用全部文章内容去说明一个论点,为了内容齐全,将总论点剥离为若干个分论点,分别阐述即可。
第二,内容干瘪枯燥
考生对于该写什么一无所知,提起笔就只能写大白话,抄材料,导致内容干瘪枯燥无味,没有思想,甚至写到一半,无话可说。其原因主要有三点:1.提笔前缺少思考;2.个人积累过少;3.缺少申论思维。所以只要针对以上原因进行解决,就能补充好内容。
第三,逻辑性差
考生不易发现这部分问题,自己特有的语言习惯决定了写作上出现前言不搭后语的现象,以及例证与论点毫无关联的情况。所以需要及时调整写作方式。
第四,其他错误
首先是错别字,错别字在文章写作中虽然扣分不多,但直接影响阅卷人的印象,从而拉低文章档次,因此广大考生在练习时就注重细节,不要出现错别字连篇的现象。
其次是词语搭配。很多考生是在写作的过程中不注重词语搭配,如“提高...的水平”就不能写成“增强...的水平”。建议考生练习中写完一篇文章后先读一下,自己挑挑错误,先修改。
8.BEC商务英语改错常见错误总结 篇八
wealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.(误)
wearealwaysworking/wealwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams(正)
weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.(误)
weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.(正)
2.句子成分多余
thistestisend,butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.(误)
onetestends,butanotheriswaitingforyou.(正)
thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot.(误)
thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.(正)
3.主谓不一致
someone/somebodythinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(误)
somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(正)
mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(误)
mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.(误)
iwaswalkingalongtheroadandtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.(正)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebookswhichweinterest.(误)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebooksinwhichweareinterested.(正)
iamastudentwhohasstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.(误)
ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears(正)
5.词类混淆
itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.(误)
inmyopinion,readingmustbeselective.(正)
honestissoimportantforeveryperson.(误)
honestyissoimportantforeveryone.(正)
theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenheacrossthestreet.(误)
9.BEC商务英语改错常见错误总结 篇九
一、施工现场预埋电缆经常未达到预埋要求,一般在300mm左右。分析:施工单位为节约,在预埋电缆时达不到标准要求,应按照《电力建设安全工作规程》(变电所部分)DL5009.3-1997第3.3.2.7条,现场直埋电缆的走向应按施工总平面布置图的规定,沿主道路或固定构筑物等的边缘直线预埋,埋深不得小于0.7m;转弯处应在埋面向上设明显的标志;通过道路时应采用保护套管,管径不得小于电缆外径的1.5倍。电缆沿构筑物架空敷设时其高度不得低于2m。接头处应有防水和防触电的措施。
措施:施工单位要严格执行要求,监理单位要加强监管力度。
二、在施工现场,经常生成直接攀爬脚手架和构造柱登高。分析:施工单位在施工过程中生成攀爬脚手架现象,应按《电力建设安全工作规程》(变电所部分)DL5009.3-1997第3.6.1.11条规定执行。第3.6.1.11条:上下脚手管应走斜道或梯子,不得沿绳、脚手立杆或横杆等攀爬,也不得随意攀登高层构筑物。
措施:施工单位应加强员工的安全意识培训,对经常发生此事的员工要进行处罚,监理单位要加强现场安全巡视工作。
三、在做跨越架时,经常发现少扣,搭接不够长度现象。分析:在施工中经常发现少扣搭接长度不够现象,在做竹木脚手架时应按照《电力建设安全工作规程》(变电站部分)DL5009.3-1997第3.7.1.5条规定内容:竹木立杆或大横杆搭接均匀错开,搭接长度不得小于1.5m。绑扎时小头应压在大头上,绑扣不得小于三道。立杆、大、小横杆相交时,应先绑两根,再绑第三根,不得一扣绑三根。措施:施工单位安管人员加强施工人员的培训,要经常检查;监理单位加强安全巡查,发现的问题要求施工单位按标准要求整改。
四、施工单位未按现场布置图等安全文件要求,私自开工。分析:根据《电力建设安全工作规程》(变电所部分)DL5009.3-1997,第3.2.1.1条和3.2.1.2条规定内容如下:
第3.2.1.1条施工总平面布置应符合国家防火、工业卫生等有关规定。第3.2.1.2条临时建筑工程应有设计并经审核批准后方可施工;竣工后应经验收合格方可使用,使用应定期进行检查维护。
措施:监理单位,业主单位,要监督施工单位进快报审,报审合格方可施工。
五、在施工过程经常发现已达到一定规模的危险性较大的工程未按规定做专项方案。
分析:在线路工程基坑开挖一般超过3mm以上,但施工单位未作专项方案,根据《国家电网公司基建安全管理规定》第48条,按国家有关规定,对达到一定规模的危险性较大的分部分项工程(见附录B),施工项目部总工程师组织编制专项施工方案(含安全技术措施),并附安全验算结果,经施工企业技术、质量、安全等职能部门审核,施工企业总工程师审批,经项目总监理工程师签字后,由施工项目部总工程师交底,专职安全管理人员现场监理实施。措施:由施工单位组织实施,监理单位负责审核,监督季。
六、施工单位因其原因,施工人员流动量较大,对安全培训考试上岗无法控制。
分析:现施工单位的施工人员大多数为农民工和流动人员,在安全教育培训考试很难做到,根据《国家电网公司基建安全管理规定》第35条,施工企业对新录用人员应进行不少于40个课时的三级安全教育培训,经考试合格后方可上岗工作。
10.英语作文常见典型语法错误 篇十
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years.(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
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